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SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
BS IT-2
Submitted To Prof. Asif
Submitted By
Ammad Farooq (2010-arid-1905)Fahad Islam (2010-arid-1913)
Sarmad Zaheer (2010-arid-1927)
Barani institute of information technology,
University of ARID Agriculture,
Rawalpindi
CERTIFICATION
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It is stated that I have read the project report submitted by Muhammad
Mudassar Yamin and in my judgment that this report is of sufficient
standard to warrant its acceptance by Barani Institute of Information
Technology. University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, for second semester
of BS (IT).
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
Supervisor
________________________________________
Mr. Muhammad Asif
Mr.Muhammad Muddasar Yamin (Jnr: S.E)
Barani Institute of Information Technology
University of Arid Agriculture,Rawalpindi
Project Brief
Project Title Scientific calculator
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Organization Hacker & Friends
Undertaken By Ammad Farooq
Fahad Islam
Sarmad Zaheer
Supervised By Mr. Muhammad Asif
Starting Date 16 February 2011
Ending Date 14 June 2011
Software Used MS office 2003, MS visual studio 2005.
System Used Dell xps 2400, Intel Pentium 4 2.80 GHz
512 Mb ram.
Operating System Windows XP service pack 3
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Dedicated To
Our parents, brothers and sisters. Who always
pray for us in every aspect of our life!
Acknowledgement
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First, we thank to almighty Allah, the most merciful and compassionate and
most beneficial whose favor made it possible for us to complete that task
assigned to us.
Our parents brothers and sisters and all the member of my family pray for
us, which is the key of our success.
We pay our regards to our supervisor Mr. Muhammad Asif and Mr.
Muhammad Mudassar Yamin for there valuable suggestions. Without that it
would have been impossible for us to complete that task.
Ammad Farooq,
Fahad Islam,
Sarmad Zaheer,
June 14, 2011
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter #01 INTRODUCTION
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1.1 History of calculators..
1.2 History of digital calculators..
Chapter #02 ANALYSES
2.1 Use cases
2.2 DFD.
Chapter #03 DESIGNS
3.1 Design models
Chapter #04 DETAILED DESIGNS4.1 Level design.
4.2 Process of prototype development...
4.3 Prototypes.
Chapter #05 IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Source code
Chapter #06 Testing
8.1 Testing phases..
8.2 white box testing...
8.3 Test cases..
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
APPENDIX
GLOSSARY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
Out line
This chapter is about the history of calculators and computerized digital
calculators.
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History of calculators
An electronic calculator (usually called simply a calculator) is
a small, usually inexpensive electronic device used to performthe basic operations of arithmetic. Modern calculators are more
portable than most computers, though most PDAs are
comparable in size to handheld calculators.
The first electronic calculator was created in the 1960s, building
on the history of tools such as the abacus, developed around
2000 BC; and the mechanical calculator, developed in the 17th
century. It was developed in parallel with the analog computersof the day.
Pocket-sized devices become available in the 1970s, especially
after the invention of the microprocessor developed
serendipitously by Intel for a Busicom calculator.
Modern calculators are electrically powered (usually by battery
and/or solar cell) and vary from cheap, give-away, credit-cardsized models to sturdy adding machine-like models with built-in
printers. They first became popular in the late 1960s as
decreasing size and cost of electronics made possible devices for
calculations, avoiding the use of scarce and expensive computer
resources. By the 1980s, calculator prices had reduced to a point
where a basic calculator was affordable to most. By the 1990s
they had become common in math classes in schools, with theidea that students could be freed from basic calculations and
focus on the concepts.
Computer operating systems as far back as early Unix have
included interactive calculator programs such as dc and hoc, and
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calculator functions are included in almost all PDA-type devices
(save a few dedicated address book and dictionary devices).
In addition to general purpose calculators, there are those
designed for specific markets; for example, there are scientificcalculators which focus on operations slightly more complex
than those specific to arithmetic for instance, trigonometric
and statistical calculations. Some calculators even have the
ability to do computer algebra. Graphing calculators can be used
to graph functions defined on the real line, or higher
dimensional Euclidean space. They often serve other purposes,
however.
History of computerized digital calculators
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Early years
Computers as we know them today first emerged in the 1940s
and 1950s. The software that they ran was naturally used to
perform calculations, but it was specially designed for a
substantial application that was not limited to simple
calculations. For example, the LEO computer was designed to
run business application software such as payroll.
Software specifically to perform calculations as its main purpose
was first written in the 1960s, and the first software package for
general calculations to obtain widespread use was released in1978. This was VisiCalc and it was called an interactive visible
calculator, but it was actually a spreadsheet, and these are now
not normally known simply as calculators.
The Unix version released in 1979, V7 Unix, contained a
command-line accessible calculator.
Simulation of hardware calculators
Calculators have been used since ancient times and until the
advent of software calculators they were physical, hardware
machines. The most recent hardware calculators are electronic
hand-held devices with buttons for digits and operations, and a
small window for inputs and results.
The first software calculators imitated these hardwarecalculators by implementing the same functionality with mouse-
operated, rather than finger-operated, buttons. Such software
calculators first emerged in the 1980s as part of the Windows
operating system, Windows 1.0.
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Some software calculators directly simulate one of the hardware
calculators, by presenting an image that looks like the calculator,
and by providing the same functionality.
Software calculators on the internet
There is now a very wide range of software calculators, and
searching the internet produces very large numbers of programs
that are called calculators.
The results include numerical calculators that apply arithmetic
operations or mathematical functions to numbers, and that
produce numerical results or graphs of numerical functions, plus
some non-numerical tools and games that are also called
calculators.
Many of the results are calculators that dont imitate or simulate
hardware calculators, but that take advantage of the greater
power of computer software to implement alternative types of
calculator.
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Chapter 02
ANALYSIS
Out line
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This chapter includes the analysis of Scientific calculator
Use cases
Use cases are the interaction of the user with the computer with the entitiespresent in the system.
The menu use case of Army Burn Hall Registration system is given below
USER
Now if the user have no account the following entities appear
Enter operand
1
Enter operand
2
Operator
+
*%-
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USER
If the user selects the home the following case will appear
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User
DFD
/
Sin
Cos
Tan
Exist
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Chapter 05
DESIGN
Out line
This chapter is about the basic design of Scientific calculator and how it
works conceptually.
Design model
Rapid application development model is used in the project as the time is
limited or project is big.
Business modeling
Data modeling
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Chapter 06
DETAILED DESIGN
Process modeling
Application generation
Testing turnover
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Out line
This chapter is about the detail design of Scientific calculator and how
different component are connected in the system.
Process of prototype development
Establish
prototype
objective
Define
prototype
functionality
Evaluate
prototype
Develop
prototype
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Reusable component composition
Prototyping plan Outline definition Execute prototype Evaluation report
Reuse able software
component
Control and
integration code
Component
composition
framework
Executable
prototype
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Prototypes
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Chapter 07
IMPLEMENTATION
Source code#include
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#include
#include
//Shortcuts to avoid having to type std::cout/cin/endl everytime
usingstd::endl;
usingstd::cout;
usingstd::cin;
usingnamespace std;
//Beginning of actual calculator
int main()
{
int Done = 5;
int Subtraction = 4;
int Addition = 3;
int Multiplication = 2;
int Division = 1;
int answer = 5;
cout answer;
// Program will go through a linear path regardless of user input at the
beginning.
if(answer == 1) //Division section of the calculator
{
//Declaring the variables for use in the division function
//They can be used again(in a different sub function)
// because they are declared in a sub function
longdouble value1;
longdouble value2;
//asking for and storing the values to be divided
cout value1;
cout value2;
//dividing the values and outputting the answer
value1 /= value2;
cout
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// because they are declared in a sub function
longdouble value1;
longdouble value2;
//asking for and storing the values to be multiplied
cout value1;
cout value2;
//multiplying the values and outputting the answer
value1 *= value2;
cout answer;
}
if(answer == 3) //Addition section of the calculator{
//Declaring the variables for use in the addition function
//They can be used again(in a different sub function)
// because they are declared in a sub function
longdouble value1;
longdouble value2;
//asking for and storing the values to be added
cout value1;
cout value2;
//adding the values and outputting the answer
value1 += value2;
cout answer;
}
if(answer == 4) //Subtraction section of the calculator
{
//Declaring the variables for use in the subtraction function
//They can be used again(in a different sub function) // because they are declared in a sub function
longdouble value1;
longdouble value2;
//asking for and storing the values to be subtracted
cout value1;
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cout value2;
//subtracting the values and outputting the answer
value1 -= value2;
cout answer;
}
if(answer = 5)
cout
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Chapter 08
Testing
Out line
This chapter deals with the testing phases of scientific calculator.
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Testing phases
White box testing
It is an approach towards software testing where test are derived from
knowledge of software structure and implementation.
Test cases
Button configuration Right
Component
testing
Integration
testing
Test data
Test out put
Component code
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Coding RightLine alignment RightText Right
Accuracy RightObjects RightSpeed RightDesign Right
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
Compatible with every kind of computer system.
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APPENDIX
ERD: Entity relationship diagram
STD: State transition diagramDFD: Data flow diagram
Cases: Scenerios
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.google.com
www.wikkipedia.com
www.ehow.com
www.brothersoft.com
Contact
http://www.google.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.brothersoft.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.google.com/http://www.wikkipedia.com/http://www.ehow.com/http://www.brothersoft.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]