Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Volume 162

8/13/2019 Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Volume 162

1/1068


2/1068

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis 162

SCIENTIFIC BASES FOR THE PREPARATION

OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS


3/1068


4/1068

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

Advisory Editors:B. Delmon and J.T. Yates

Series Editor: G. Centi

Vol. 162

SCIENTIFIC BASES FORTHE PREPARATION OFHETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS

Proceedings of the 9thInternational Symposium,Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, September 10-14, 2006

Edited by

E.M. Gaigneaux*, M. Devillers*, D.E. De Vos**, S. Hermans*,

P.A. Jacobs**, J.A. Martens**, P. Ruiz*

* Universit Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium** Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium

Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris

San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo


5/1068

ElsevierRadarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsThe Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK

First edition 2006

Copyright 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systemor transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher

Permissions may be sought directly from Elseviers Science & Technology RightsDepartment in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333;

email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online byvisiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selectingObtaining permission to use Elsevier material

NoticeNo responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to personsor property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any useor operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the materialherein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independentverification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN-13: 978-0-444-52827-8ISBN-10: 0-444-52827-XISSN: 0167-2991

For information on all Elsevier publicationsvisit our website at books.elsevier.com

Printed and bound in The Netherlands

06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


6/1068

v


7/1068

vi Foreword


8/1068

Foreword vii


9/1068

viii Foreword


10/1068

ix


11/1068


12/1068

xi


13/1068

xii Contents


14/1068

Contents xiii


15/1068

xiv Contents


16/1068

Contents xv


17/1068

xvi Contents


18/1068

Contents xvii


19/1068

xviii Contents


20/1068

Contents xix


21/1068

xx Contents


22/1068

Contents xxi


23/1068

xxii Contents


24/1068

Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts 1E.M. Gaigneaux et al. (Editors) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


25/1068

2 U. Dingerdissen and D. Linke


26/1068

Scopes and limitations of high throughput preparation and screening tools 3


27/1068


PilotPlant

Plant

Classic Screening:10 /week

Main Screening: 100 /week

Evaluation Screening: >1000 /week

Exploration Screening: >1000 /day

rP

ce

onoisi

fD

aat

Num

re

b

fo

xE

p

re

mi

ne

tsF/

mro

ula

snoit

standard lab

HTSdomain

chemicalengineeringdomain


28/1068



29/1068



30/1068



31/1068



32/1068



33/1068



34/1068



35/1068



36/1068



37/1068

14 E. de la Rochefoucauld et al.


38/1068

Mesoporous alumina obtained by surface alumination of pure silica SBA-15 15


39/1068



40/1068


1 2 3 4 52()

).u.a(

ytisnetnI

a)

b)

c)

d)e)

Figure 1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

50

55

60

65

70

SBA Blank Iso1 Iso2 Iso3 Iso4

m(aeraecafruS

2

g.

1-)

)(rete

maideroP

Sample type

a)

b)

c)

Figure 2

-15


41/1068


-100-50050100

).u.a(ytisnetnI

(ppm)

Numberof graftings

306

54


42/1068


0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

0

2

4

6

8

10

% Al2O

3

01*ytivitcagnikcarcenemuC

4

h.lomm(

1-

m.

2-)

OoM

3

(yticapacnoisrepsid

m.lom

2-

)0

(SiO2)

15.1(Iso1)

24.1(Iso2)

30.0(Iso3)

35.0(Iso4)

100(Al

2O

3)


43/1068



44/1068



45/1068

22 F. Klasovsky and P. Claus


46/1068

Biomimetic catalyst preparation with carbohydrates: The CHSG process 23


47/1068



48/1068



49/1068



50/1068



51/1068



52/1068



53/1068

30 S. van Dommele et al.


54/1068

Synthesis of heterogeneous base catalysts: nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes 31


55/1068



56/1068


Amount N

(mmol/g NCNT)sampleT

(K)

N/Csource

Tube diameter rangea

(nm)XPS Titration

NPb

(%)

NQc

(%)

Co823ACN 823 ACN 5 38 (16) 7.4 0.03 50 23

Co923ACN 923 ACN 4 52 (17) 4.0 0.03 36 36Co1023ACN 1023 ACN 5 50 (18) 4.3 0.02 28 44

Co923PYR 923 PYR 5 43 (18) 7.5 0.05 50 24

Co1023PYR 1023 PYR 40 86 (62) 7.4 0.02 40 27

Co1123PYR 1123 PYR - 5.8 0.02 25 28


57/1068



58/1068



59/1068



60/1068



61/1068

38 I. Melin-Cabrera et al.


62/1068

Tooling up heterogeneous catalysis through Fentons chemistry... 39


63/1068



64/1068


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4520

40

60

80

- 3%

+ 3%

N2

ocO

vneris

no

/%

Time on stream / h

Stability test at 700 KFe-FER (citrate, 353 K, 1 h)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4520

40

60

80

+ 3%

N2

ocO

vneris

no

/%

Time on stream / h


550 600 650 700 750 800

0

20

40

60

80

100

N2O

vnoc

resion/%

Temperature /K

(A) (B)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4520

40

60

80

- 3%

+ 3%

N2

ocO

vneris

no

/%

Time on stream / h


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4520

40

60

80

+ 3%

N2

ocO

vneris

no

/%

Time on stream / h


550 600 650 700 750 800

0

20

40

60

80

100

N2O

vnoc

resion/%

Temperature /K

(A) (B)


65/1068



66/1068


333 K / [H2O2]=10%

H2O/CO2

Fe3+

/ H2O22(Cu K) / degree

Inetnsity

/a.u.

1 m

Fe

Fe

Fe


67/1068


4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

dV/dD

/

mc

3(/g

)

pore diameter (D) /

12 6.6 x 6.7** [001] 12 5.6 x 5.6*

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

dV/dD

/

mc

3(/g

)

pore diameter (D) /

12 6.6 x 6.7** [001] 12 5.6 x 5.6*

N2Ocovn

resion

/

%

658 683 708

One-potFe-BEA

Temperature / K

0

80

40

2.0Fe-BEA TOSOH

100

733

20

602.3Fe-BEA ZEOLYST

N2Ocovn

resion

/

%

658 683 708

One-potFe-BEA

Temperature / K

0

80

40

2.0Fe-BEA TOSOH

100

733

20

602.3Fe-BEA ZEOLYST


68/1068



69/1068



70/1068



71/1068

48 A.I. Reyes de la Torre et al.


72/1068

Molybdenum and tungsten carbides supported on mesostructured MCM-41 49


73/1068



74/1068


a b

Amorphous

MCM41-PAN-P

DiamondGraphite


75/1068



76/1068



77/1068



78/1068



79/1068

56 S.-C. Han et al.


80/1068

Microwave and hydrothermal synthesis 57


81/1068

58 S.-C. Han et al.


82/1068


(a) (b)

(c) (d)


83/1068

60 S.-C. Han et al.


84/1068



85/1068

62 S.-C. Han et al.


86/1068



87/1068

64 S. Naito et al.


88/1068

Preparation of hollow silica-Rh, -Ir, and -Rh-Ir-bimetallic nanocomposites... 65


89/1068

66 S. Naito et al.

437 573 673 773 873 973 1073 11730

10

20

30

40

50 100

80

60

40

20

0

Calcination Temperature / K

mn/retemaiD

m/aeraecafr

usTEB

2g1-

hollow

SiO2

437 573 673 773 873 973 1073 11730

10

20

30

40

50 100

80

60

40

20

0437 573 673 773 873 973 1073 11730

10

20

30

40

50 100

80

60

40

20

0


mn/retemaiD

m/aeraecafr

usTEB

2g1-

hollow

SiO2


90/1068


(A)


473 673 873 10730

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

473 673 873 1073

(B)

mc/no

itprosdafotnuomA

3g1-

(A)


473 673 873 10730

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

473 673 873 1073

(B)

mc/no

itprosdafotnuomA

3g1-

CO

CO

H2H2


91/1068

68 S. Naito et al.


92/1068


Reaction Time / min Reaction Time / min

%/noisrevnoC


93/1068

70 S. Naito et al.


94/1068



95/1068

72 G.M. Veith et al.


96/1068

The use of magnetron sputtering for the production of heterogeneous catalysts 73


97/1068



98/1068


2 nm0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

uoC

nt

1.37 wt% Auon -Al2O

3

Avg. Dia. = 2.29 nm

Dispersion = 49%= 0.75 nm

4 nm

nm

2 nm2 nm0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

uoC

nt

1.37 wt% Auon -Al2O

3

Avg. Dia. = 2.29 nm

Dispersion = 49%= 0.75 nm

4 nm4 nm

nm


99/1068


0

50

10 0

15 0

20 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

0.69 wt% Au on X40S via sputteringDispersion = 72.5%242 data points

Avg. Dia. = 1.72 nm *

*Does not include single atoms= 0.61 nm

nm

1.5 nm

0

50

10 0

15 0

20 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

0.69 wt% Au on X40S via sputteringDispersion = 72.5%242 data points

Avg. Dia. = 1.72 nm *

*Does not include single atoms= 0.61 nm

nm

1.5 nm


100/1068


0

20

40

60

80

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

11.1 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC72Avg. Pt size = 1.62 nm= 0.49 nmDispersion = 72%

nm nm

0

4

8

12

1620

24

28

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Avg. Pt size = 2.57 nm = 0.79 nmDispersion = 53%

E-TEK 20 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC72

0

20

40

60

80

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

11.1 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC72Avg. Pt size = 1.62 nm= 0.49 nmDispersion = 72%

nm nm

0

4

8

12

1620

24

28

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

Avg. Pt size = 2.57 nm = 0.79 nmDispersion = 53%

E-TEK 20 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC72


101/1068



102/1068



103/1068

80 A. Deffernez et al.


104/1068

Preparation of carbon-supported Pd and Au-Pd catalysts 81


105/1068


0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

)%(C

nodebrosdadPfotnuomA


106/1068


0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

)001*(S

PXybden

i

mretedC/uA


107/1068


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14pH

)%(no

itcarF

[Pd(H2O)4]2+

[Pd(OH)(H2O)3]+

[Pd(OH)2(H2O)2]

[Pd(OH)3(H2O)]-

[Pd(OH)4]2-

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

7080

90

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

)%(noitcarF

[AuCl4]-

[AuCl3(OH)]-

[AuCl2(OH)2]-

[AuCl(OH)3]-

[Au(OH)4]-


108/1068



109/1068



110/1068



111/1068

88 P. Mki-Arvela et al.

H2O O

Citral Citronellal 3,7-dimethyloctanal

OH2


112/1068

Supported ionic liquid catalyst (SILCA) in the hydrogenation of citral 89


113/1068



114/1068



115/1068


0

2

4

6

8

10

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

bulk*time(g/dm3*min)

noC

rev

%(nois

)/mgdP


116/1068


0

10

20

30

40

50

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

bulk*time (g/dm3*min)

)%(noisrevnoC

a)

b)

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 10 20 30 40 5

Conversion (%)

eS

elctiv

yti

ot

cirtoneall

(l%)

0


117/1068



118/1068



119/1068

96 J.R.A. Sietsma et al.


120/1068

Ordered mesoporous model supports as a tool to study catalyst preparation 97


121/1068


(b)(a)


122/1068



123/1068



124/1068



125/1068



126/1068



127/1068

104 S.L. Soled et al.


128/1068

Supported metal catalysts: some interesting new leads in an old field 105


129/1068



130/1068


131/1068


100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

temperature (deg C)

-20

-18

-16

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

%wtchange

0

5E-010

1E-009

1.5E-009

2E-009

2.5E-009

MSsignal:CO2

0

2E-012

4E-012

6E-012

8E-012

1E-011

1.2E-011

1.4E-011

MS

signal:NO2,H2O

LegendTGCO2NO2H2O

TG

H2O

NO2 CO2


132/1068

Supported metal catalysts: some interesting new leads in an old field 109

0

20

40

60

80

100xH/Ru(

combined)@

40C

250 300 350reduction temperature (C)reduction temperature (C)

400150 200

aq, no TEA, dried 100C

TEA calc 275C

hr

TEA calc 400C

aq, calc300C


133/1068


CM200 FEG

20.00 nm

RuRu

Reduction at 150C, 3h, then 400C, 9h

20nm

Reduction at 150 C, 3h

20nm


134/1068



135/1068

112 N. Job et al.


136/1068

Metal catalysts supported on texture-tailored carbon xerogels 113


137/1068

114 N. Job et al.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3 4 5 6 7

pH

)g/mc(emuloveroplatoT

1

10

100

1000

)mn(eziseropnaeM

(b)(a)

pH = 6.25

pH = 5.25

10 m1 m

pH = 4.00pH = 6.00


138/1068


(b)

~1 nm

10 nm

(a)

20 nm

~5


139/1068

116 N. Job et al.


140/1068


0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

0 300 600 900 1200

Pellet size (m)

)-(rotcafssenevitceffE


141/1068

118 N. Job et al.


142/1068



143/1068

120 E.M. Sulman et al.


144/1068

Novel nano catalysts on the base of hypercrosslinked polystyrene.. . 121


145/1068



146/1068



147/1068



148/1068


0 50 100 150 200 2500.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

ABL

oc

ncenrt

ita

on,m

ol/l

time, min

Pd(5%)/HPS "beads"Pd(5%)/HPS d < 0,063

0 100 200-200

-100

0

10 0

m,E

V

time, min

0 50 100 150 200-300

-200

-100

0

100

Vm,E

time, min

0 50 100 150 2000.00

0.02

0.04

BL.cnoC

,A

l/lom

time, min

HPS Pd(1%) d < 0,063

HPS Pd(3%) d < 0,063HPS Pd(5%) d < 0,063


149/1068


0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.50.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0LBA

eS

tcel

tivi

y

Conversion

HPS Pd(1%) d < 0,063

HPS Pd(3%) d < 0,063

HPS Pd(5%) d < 0,063

2-keto-LBA


150/1068



151/1068

128 V. Caps et al.


152/1068

Effect of the titania morphology on the preparation of Au/TiO2(/SiO2) catalysts 129


153/1068

130 V. Caps et al.


154/1068


a b

c d


155/1068

132 V. Caps et al.


156/1068


a

b


157/1068

134 V. Caps et al.


158/1068



159/1068

136 M.V. Twigg and J.T. Richardson


160/1068

Structured ceramic foams as catalyst supports 137


161/1068



162/1068



163/1068



164/1068



165/1068



166/1068



167/1068

144 J. Tsou et al.


168/1068

Preparation of monolithic catalysts for hydrodesulfurization 145


169/1068

146 J. Tsou et al.


170/1068



171/1068


172/1068


dc

ba


173/1068

150 J. Tsou et al.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40

Mo + Ni (wt%)

(kcm

3s//g

em

tal)


174/1068



175/1068


176/1068

Structured TiO2based catalysts for clean water technologies 153


177/1068

154 C.G. Silva et al.


178/1068


(a) (b)


179/1068



180/1068



181/1068



182/1068


183/1068

160 J. Blanco et al.


184/1068

Single-step synthesis of porous supported catalysts 161


185/1068



186/1068



187/1068


(b)intensity

Mg

Si

Ti

Pt

0.0mm

1.00.5


188/1068


0

25

50

75

100

100 200 300 400 500

Temperature, C

To

%lo

m,.vnoceneul

Pt/sepiolite ICP

Pt/sep.Al2O3

Pt/sep.Al2O3 ICP

Pt/sep.TiO2

Pt/sep.TiO2 ICP 0

25

50

75

100

100 200 300 400 500

Temperature, C

,1

id2

hclorteo

ena

h

conv

m,.

o%l

(a) (b)

Extrudates

Pt/sep.TiO2ICP


189/1068


190/1068



191/1068

168 O. Muraza et al.


192/1068

Preparation and characterization of bimetallic catalysts... 169


193/1068



194/1068



195/1068



196/1068



197/1068



198/1068



199/1068

176 J.A. Bergwerff et al.

Wavenumber /cm-1

Mo-OstretchNO3

-

RamanandUV-Vis measurements

impregnation

drying

calcination

cutpellet

OMo6+ CT

Co2+ d-d

transitions

Ramanshift/cm-140000 30000 20000 10000 700 800 900 1000 1100

bA

s.

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

RF-coilVolumefrom whichsignalis detected

impregnation

1Himage

-Al2O3extrudate

-Al2O3pellet

31Pimage

MagneticResonance Imaging

Wavenumber /cm-1

Mo-OstretchNO3

-

RamanandUV-Vis measurements

impregnation

drying

calcination

cutpellet

OMo6+ CT

Co2+ d-d

transitions

Ramanshift/cm-140000 30000 20000 10000 700 800 900 1000 1100

bA

s.

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

RF-coilVolumefrom whichsignalis detected

impregnation

1Himage

-Al2O3extrudate

-Al2O3pellet

31Pimage

MagneticResonance Imaging


200/1068

Monitoring the preparation of (Co)Mo/Al2O3extrudates. .. 177


201/1068


30 min

c

a

c

b

Raman shift (cm-1)

ON

3-

09

1

49

4 168

a

bb

c

b

a

c

ON

3-

Raman shift (cm-1)

109

49

4168

a

b

c

b

a

c

ON

3-

Raman shift (cm-1)

109

49

4168

aa

bb

I ( MoO2t)I (NO3-)

12

6

4

2

0

10

8I ( MoO2t)

I (NO3-)

12

6

4

2

0

10

8180 min


202/1068


c

a

b

c

b

a

Raman shift (cm-1)

099

518

482

266 73

2

33337

3

a

b

c

Raman shift (cm-1)

765

153

998

749

69

8

049O

N

3-

After impregnation After calcinationI (816 cm-1)

6000

3000

20001000

0

5000

4000


203/1068


flexiblelatex seal

Movable platform(computer -controlled)

latex seal

ovable platform(computer -controlled)

optical fiber

sample holder

sample holder

environmental cell

pellet

environmental cell UV -Vis probe

pellet

pellet

flexiblelatex seal


latex seal


optical fiber

sample holder

sample holder

environmental cell

pellet

environmental cell UV -Vis probe

pellet

pellet


204/1068



205/1068


15 min 180 min

19300

Wavenumber (cm-1)Wavenumber (cm-1)

17600

40000 30000 20000 10000 40000 30000 20000 10000

1.0 1.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.8 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

sbA

.bA

.s


240 min15 min

17600

40000 30000 20000 10000

00

0.40.4

0.80.8

1.2 1.2

sbA

.bA

.s

40000 30000 20000 10000

CoMoP(0.1) CoMoP(0.3)CA(0.2)

1.4 mm

0.7 mm

0 mm

15 min 180 min

19300


17600

40000 30000 20000 10000 40000 30000 20000 10000

1.0 1.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.8 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

sbA

.bA

.s


240 min15 min

17600

40000 30000 20000 10000

00

0.40.4

0.80.8

1.2 1.2

sbA

.bA

.s

40000 30000 20000 10000

CoMoP(0.1) CoMoP(0.3)CA(0.2)15 min 180 min

19300


17600

40000 30000 20000 10000 40000 30000 20000 10000

1.0 1.0

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0.8 0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

sbA

.bA

.s


240 min15 min

17600

40000 30000 20000 10000

00

0.40.4

0.80.8

1.2 1.2

sbA

.bA

.s

40000 30000 20000 10000

CoMoP(0.1) CoMoP(0.3)CA(0.2)

1.4 mm

0.7 mm

0 mm


206/1068


207/1068


a. d.c.b.

h. i.g. k.j.

f.e.

l.

a. d.c.b.

h. i.g. k.j.

f.e.

l.


208/1068



209/1068



210/1068



211/1068

188 R. Prada Silvy et al.


212/1068

Parameters controlling the scaling-up of a V-Al oxynitride catalyst 189

020406080

NOPrZ

lAV

NO

lA

NOPaG l

A

NOPrC

lA

NOP

NOPrZaG

NOiT

C3 conversion ACN selectivity ACN yield

)%(


213/1068


214/1068

Parameters controlling the scaling-up of a V-Al oxynitride catalyst 191


215/1068



216/1068


217/1068


0

1020

30

40

50

60

70

50 g 100 g 1 kg

C3 conversion ACN selectivity COx selectivity


218/1068



219/1068

196 T. Cukic et al.


220/1068

Approaching the preparation of Pd-Al2O3catalyst systematically 197


221/1068

198 T. Cukic et al.


222/1068


n pH ti Vi/Vp sd Td td sc Tc tc0

Calcination

Exp errorestimate

Impregnation Drying

n pH ti Vi/Vp sd Td td sc Tc

eva

rage

nahc

eg

of

i

datub

eneconv

sre

ion,[-]

Calcination

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

n pH ti Vi/Vp sd Td td sc Tc tc0

Calcination

Exp errorestimate

Impregnation Drying

n pH ti Vi/Vp sd Td td sc Tc

eva

rage

nahc

eg

of

i

datub

eneconv

sre

ion,[-]

Calcination

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25


223/1068

200 T. Cukic et al.

0 10 20 30 40 50 600.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

tuB

aid

ne

vnoce

re

oisn

[-]

Vi/Vp

0 10 20 30 40 50 600.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

tuB

aid

ocene

oisrevn

]-[,n

Vi/Vp


224/1068



225/1068

202 T. Cukic et al.


226/1068



227/1068

204 F. Patcas and W. Krysmann


228/1068

Design and preparation of controlled porous oxidic structures on metallic substrates 205


229/1068



230/1068



231/1068



232/1068



233/1068



234/1068


235/1068

212 L. Jiao et al.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14pH Final

(de

bros

da

tP

m/lom

2) L90

M7D

EH5

VN3S

FK300

Model

OH2+

O-

pHPZC

OHPZC

K1

K2

[PtCl6]-2

[(NH3)4Pt]+2

[H]+

(pH shifts)

Kads

Kads

OH2+

O-

pHPZC

OHOHPZC

K1

K2

[PtCl6]-2

[(NH3)4Pt]+2

[H]+

(pH shifts)

Kads

Kads

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH Initial

laniFHp

L90

M-7D

EH-5

VN-3S

FK300Model

H2

d. Reduce to retain

high dispersion

b. PZC determination

20 nm

c. Uptake pH survey

a. Mechanism


236/1068

Simple, scientific syntheses with common catalyst precursors 213

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH final

)2

^m/lomu(ekatpulateM

Tetraammine Pd

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH final

)2

^m/lomu(ekatpulateM

Self-preparedtetraammine Cu

Purchased

tetraammine Cu

SEA at pH 11: SEA at pH 11:DI: DI:

a) b)


237/1068

214 L. Jiao et al.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH

(ammaG

m/lom

2)

SX4 SXU SX2 VXC

E250 E350

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

pH finals

tisneDe

cafruS

y(m

m/lo

2)

S51 KB Asbury Timrex

SEA at pH 2.9:DI: DI:

a) b)

SEA at pH 12:


238/1068


-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14pH final

(Vm

)

H H H H H H

+ +

--

PZ

cobalt oxide or

alumina

oxidized carbon

or niobia

-

O-

O-

O-

O-

OH2+ OH2

+ OH2+OH2

+

[PtCl6]-2

[(NH3)4Pt]+2

O-

O-

O-

O-

OH2+ OH2

+ OH2+OH2

+

[PtCl6]-2

[(NH3)4Pt]+2

+


239/1068

216 L. Jiao et al.

area Al,

wt%Nb,

wt%Pt,

wt%4-1 0.1 58.9 41

4-2 99.6 0.4 0

4-3 16.5 76.2 7.3

4-4 97.8 1.3 0.9

4-5 0.6 70.6 28.8

4-6 0 58.6 41.4

b)

c)

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

pH final

,

m/lom

2

.

PTA on Niobia

PTA on Alumina

PTA on Niobia+Alumina

model-PTAonNb

model-PTAonAl

model-PTA on mixture

model-PTA on Nb in mixture

model-PTA on Al in mixture

a)


240/1068


0.02

0.04

0.06

0 1 2 3 4 5

R []

Pt foil (Pt-Pt)NPt-Pt= 12,R = 2.77

Pt-CoNPt-Co= 7.8,

R = 2.55

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Temp (deg C)

%2H CPA/(Co3O4/SiO2)

CPA/Co3O4

CPA/SiO2 x 10

Co3O4


241/1068


242/1068



243/1068

220 Z.-R. Tang et al.


244/1068

Preparation of TiO2using supercritical CO2antisolvent precipitation (SAS) 221


245/1068


246/1068


247/1068



248/1068

Preparation of TiO2using supercritical CO2antisolvent precipitation (SAS) 225


249/1068



250/1068



251/1068


252/1068

Clean transesterification of -ketoesters catalyzed by hybrid silica sol-gel 229


253/1068

230 G. Sathicq et al.

a)

b)

c) d)


254/1068



255/1068


256/1068



257/1068


258/1068



259/1068


260/1068

Development of tools and methods for high-throughput preparation... 237


261/1068

238 R.W. Mayer et al.


262/1068



263/1068



264/1068



265/1068



266/1068



267/1068

244 F. Cambier


268/1068

Production of catalysts with an inductive atmospheric plasma torch 245


269/1068

246 F. Cambier


270/1068



271/1068

248 F. Cambier


272/1068



273/1068

250 F. Cambier


274/1068



275/1068

252 K. Bourikas et al.


276/1068

Investigation of the mode of interfacial deposition. .. 253

1 20 Diffuselayer

Specifically adsorbed anions(disubstituted and monosubstituted

inner-sphere complexes)

Electrolyte hydrated cations

Electrolyte counter ions(solvated anions)

Secondarywater layer

Primarywater layerSurface

oxygens

Metal ions

Metal oxide surface(positively charged)

1 20 Diffuselayer

Specifically adsorbed anions(disubstituted and monosubstituted

inner-sphere complexes)

Electrolyte hydrated cations

Electrolyte counter ions(solvated anions)

Secondarywater layer

Primarywater layerSurface

oxygens

Metal ions

Metal oxide surface(positively charged)


277/1068


10-6M Mo

10-5M Mo

10-4M Mo

-3,5

-2,5

-1,5

-0,5

0,5

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11pH

go

l

mlom/

2-

pzcTiO2= 6.5


278/1068


4

4.5

5

5.5

6

0 0.004 0.008 0.012 0.016CMo, total/ mol l

-1

Hp

pHinitial

pHfinal


279/1068



280/1068



281/1068



282/1068



283/1068

260 B.C. Gagea et al.


284/1068

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystal zeolite/mesoporous matrix... 261


285/1068


4 h

8h 4 h

7h

A B

DC

E F

HG

I 4 h4 h

8hh 4 h4 h

7hh

A B

DC

E F

HG

I


286/1068


300500700900110013001500

wavelenght(cm-1)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

0 10 20 30 40 50

2theta

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

XRD FT-IR

300500700900110013001500

wavelenght(cm-1)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

0 10 20 30 40 50

2theta

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

300500700900110013001500

wavelenght(cm-1)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

0 10 20 30 40 50

2theta

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

0 10 20 30 40 50

2theta

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

XRD FT-IR


287/1068


0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Relative Pressure (P/Po)

Qu

n

a

ittyAdsorbde

c(mg/STP)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pore Width (nm)

PoerVoulme(cmg/nm)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


Qu

n

a

ittyAdsorbde

c(mg/STP)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pore Width (nm)

PoerVoulme(cmg/nm)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


Qu

n

a

ittyAdsorbde

c(mg/STP)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pore Width (nm)

PoerVoulme(cmg/nm)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1


Qu

n

a

ittyAdsorbde

c(mg/STP)

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Pore Width (nm)

PoerVoulme(cmg/nm)

SG (24h)

nanoZSM-5

SG (24h)


288/1068


0

20

40

60

80

100

170 190 210 230 250

Temperature (C)

Covnersio

(

n

)

SG (0h)

SG (7h)

SG (8h)

SG (10h)

SG (14h)

SG (24h)

SG (48h)

nanoZSM-50

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Heating Time(h)

Conv

sre

ion

(

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

170 190 210 230 250

Temperature (C)

%

SG (0h)

SG (7h)

SG (8h)

SG (10h)

SG (14h)

SG (24h)

SG (48h)

nanoZSM-50

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Heating Time(h)

%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Conversion ( )

i

Yeld()

total isomersdibranched isomers

cracked products

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80

Conversion ( )

i

Yeld()

100

5+4 methyl-nonane

2 methyl-nonane

3 methyl nonane

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbon number

mol.arc

ckdeprdouct/100mols

cracek

nd-decaen

A B

C

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Conversion ( )

i

Yeld


cracked products

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80

Conversion ( )

i

Yeld

100

5+4 methyl-nonane

2 methyl-nonane

3 methyl nonane

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbon number

mol.arc

ckdeprdouct/100mols

cracek

nd-decaen

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

Conversion%

i

Yeld%


cracked products

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 20 40 60 80

Conversion%

i

Yeld%

100

5+4 methyl-nonane

2 methyl-nonane

3 methyl nonane

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 2 4 6 8 10

Carbon number

mol.arc

ckdeprdouct/100mols

cracek

nd-decaen

A B

C


289/1068



290/1068



291/1068

268 J.C. Groen et al.


292/1068

On the role of iron in preparation of mesoporous Fe-MFI zeolites via desilication 269


293/1068



294/1068


1 10

Pore diameter / nm

dVd/logd

mc/

3g

1-

1.0

Z25-at

Z35-at

Z200-at

FeS-at

20 40 60 80 200 400 600 800 10000

50

100

150

200

S

em

os

m/

2

g1-

Molar Si/M3+ ratio / -

(Si/Al)optimal

FeS-at

(a) (b)

100


295/1068



296/1068


0

50

100

150

200

0 0.30 0.50 1.10

Fe loading / wt.%

S

emso

m/

2g1-

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

iS[

]ftlirate

gm/

l1-

Z25

Fems-Z25

Fes-Z25

Fem-Z25


297/1068



298/1068



299/1068

276 N. Nishiyama et al.


300/1068

Selective formation of p-xylene over single crystal-like zeolite composite 277


301/1068


0

20

40

60

80

100

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0

Conversion [%]

ap

ras-

le

itce

viyt

%[

]

:uncoated

coated

: x= 0.0

: x= 0.12

: x= 0.24

0

20

40

60

80

100

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0

Conversion [%]

ap

ras-

le

itce

viyt

%[

]

:uncoated

coated

: x= 0.0

: x= 0.12

: x= 0.24


302/1068


0

20

40

60

80

100

0 60 120 180 240

Time-on-stream [min]

Co

vn

oisre

n

]%[

0

20

40

60

80

100

ap

ar-s

ele

cvit

iyt

]%[

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 60 120 180 240


Co

vn

oisre

n

]%[

0

20

40

60

80

100

ap

ar-s

ele

cvit

iyt

]%[


303/1068



C

o

vn

oisre

[n

%]

ap

ar-s

leec

tiv

iyt

%[

]

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 120 240 360 480

0

20

40

60

80

100


C

o

vn

oisre

[n

%]

ap

ar-s

leec

tiv

iyt

%[

]

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 120 240 360 480

0

20

40

60

80

100

W/F [kg-catalyst/(mol/h)]

Co

vn

re

ison[%]

ap

ar

-sle

ce

itvity[%]

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

W/F [kg-catalyst/(mol/h)]

Co

vn

re

ison[%]

ap

ar

-sle

ce

itvity[%]

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

0

20

40

60

80

100


304/1068


0

20

40

60

80

100

0 120 240 360 480


Co

vn

re

ois

n[%

]

0

20

40

60

80

100

ap

ar

s-electiviyt

]%[

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 120 240 360 480


Co

vn

re

ois

n[%

]

0

20

40

60

80

100

ap

ar

s-electiviyt

]%[


305/1068



306/1068



307/1068

284 J-M. Clacens and F. Figueras


308/1068

Control of the basic sites strength by adjusting the active species dispersion 285


309/1068


0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Jk(Q

/mol)

CO2adsorbed (mol/m2)

KF/-aluminaKF/-aluminaMgLa mixed oxide


310/1068



311/1068


20 40 60 80

La(OH)3

In

net

syti

(a.

).u

Mg(OH)2

La2(CO

3)

2(OH)

2

Two Theta (degree)


312/1068


0

5

35

30

1) without SO2 2) with SO23) without SO2

25

20

15

10mgNOg/

cat

KNO3 + 2%

Cu/ZrS

KNO3 + 5%

Cu/ZrS

Pt-Ba-

Al2O3

0 10 20 30 40 500

20

40

60

80

100

120

2% Cu / ZrSPt / -Al

2O

3

5% Cu / ZrS

Qidffk(J/m

o)l

CO2adsorbed (mol/g)


313/1068



314/1068



315/1068

292 B. Fremon et al.


316/1068

A new approach of hydrotreating catalysts preparation... 293


317/1068



318/1068



319/1068



320/1068



321/1068



322/1068



323/1068

300 M. Cozzolino et al.


324/1068

Preparation, characterization and catalytic performances... 301


325/1068


100 200 300 400 500

20TS-D

7.30TS-I

7.62TS-D

17.8TS-Tol

3.09T/S-D

S

i

ang

l

yrarti

bra(

)sti

nu

Temperature(C)

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.160.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

Ii

T

I/i

S

nTi/n

Si

ITi/I

Siexp Dioxane

ITi/I

Siexp Toluene

ITi/I

Siexp Isopropanol

ITi/I

Sicalculated byKerkhof and Moulijn model


326/1068



327/1068



328/1068


0 5 10 15 200

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

TiO2/SiO

2in Dioxane

TiO2/SiO

2in Isopropanol

TiO2/SiO

2in Toluene

YAF

ME

%,

%wt TiO2


329/1068


Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	yamakun
View:	215 times
Download:	0 times

Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Volume 162

Documents