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when, by the liberality of Mr. J. C. Holder, a pavilion for the- accommodation of 3500 people was erected. Donations of E1250’each for the endowment of beds from Mrs. Cornforth andMr. Smith Ryland were announced. Mr. Holder also ex-pressed his willingness to endow a bed with the same amountin memory of his sister. A letter was read from Sir John

Jaffray, resigning his post as treasurer on account of ill-health. This was received with regret, and was entered upon-the minutes. A statement as to the finances showed that the’total amount promised up to the present time was E95 544>odd ; of this E18 were still to be paid. The sale of old mate-rials &c. realised E1683, which with interest accumulatedmade an available cash balance of £79,172 2s. 3d. Mr. J. E.Wilson was appointed treasurer, and sundry votes of thankswere passed.

Birmingham Medical Mission.The nineteenth annual meeting of this useful charity was

held on Oct. 25th. It was stated that 22 688 consultationsand visits to 5339 cases were evidence of the successfulworking of the mission during the past year. The financeswere not quite so satisfactory. The receipts showed E645 oddsand the expenditure £719. Mr. Crabbe, the medical super-intendent, gave some interesting details of the medical andreligious aspect of the work. He mentioned incidentally thatPolish and Russian Jews had applied for help.

Medical Men and Politics.In the municipal contests going on in the city at the

.present time one of the leading surgeons of the Queen’s(Hospital is a candidate. Already five medical men occupyseats in the council, and the prospect of an addition to theirnumber gives the probability of medical and allied interests- being sufficiently attended to in this important administration.

.

Queen’s College, Birmingham.On Oct. 29th the annual meeting of the governors of

Queen’s College, Birmingham, was held under the pre-sidency of the Rev. Canon Wilkinson. A communicationwas read from the secretary of Mason College in referenceyou a resolution passed by the Council of Queen’s College lastyear, that Mason College should contribute a substantial- share towards the cost involved in the transference of the ’medical and dental departments of Queen’s College to Mason"College. The communication of the secretary of MasonCollege was to the effect that a clause in the scheme oftransfer provided that the expenses consequent on thechange should be borne by Queen’s College. After much-discussion the communication was referred to the council,and a resolution was passed empowering them to reply,’urging the claims of the College to have a substantial shareof the expenses borne by Mason College.Oct.30th.

NORTHERN COUNTIES NOTES.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Tyne Port Sanitary Authority.AT the ordinary meeting of the Tyne port sanitary

authority, held in Newcastle, the report of the medicalofficer showed that, although no fewer than 350 vessels hadarrived from cholera-infected ports, there was not a case ofcholera to report. The chairman thought the authoritymight congratulate themselves and the medical officer on thecomparative freedom from any severe outbreak of cholera inthe district. Whatever other authorities might do, he didnot think there was more diligence exercised anywhere thanrander the River Tyne port sanitary authority. They did notget very much credit for it, but they thought the principle ofprevention was better than cure, and that it was wiser to

spend money on preventive measures than in stamping outan outbreak. The medical officer said the authority had agood name in other parts of the world for organisation.

Proposed Children’s Hospital at Darlington.A meeting has been held in Darlington, under the pre-

sidency of the Mayor, to consider the advisability of addinga children’s department to the existing hospital. The Mayorsaid that the Children’s Hospital in Victoria-road was beinggiven up, and it was desirable that some provision shoulde made. It was also stated that Miss Pease, who had carriedon the Children’s Hospital, was obliged through advancing.:1ears to give it up, but had offered 400 towards adding a

wing for children to the general hospital. The committeehad had plans prepared for a children’s ward, whichwould probably, with furnishing, cost .62500. The cost of

maintaining the children’s wing with nine beds would, itwas estimated, be E360 per year ; but six more beds wouldhe added for adult patients. Mr. H. F. Pease, M.P.,Sir T. Fry, M.P., and other gentlemen spoke, and a com-mittee was appointed to deal with the matter.

Ilospetal Accommodation wanted at North Shields.At a meeting of the Tynemouth town council the sanitary

committee in their report stated that the medical officer hadcalled their attention to the limited accommodation at thehospital, and said he had been compelled to refuse to admitsome patients from a house in which there were several casesof typhoid fever; he urged the necessity for further accom-modation and that the matter should receive the immediateattention of the committee. The report was agreed towithout comment.

Sunderland’s Infant Mortality.The rate of infantile mortality is on the increase in

Sunderland. Last week there were 70 deaths, of which 41were those of children under five years of age.

The Fleming Memorial Children’s Hospital.The committee of gentlemen who promoted the fancy

dress ball last season in aid of the funds of the FlemingMemorial Children’s Hospital, which proved such a greatsuccess and enabled them to hand over to the treasurer thesum of 203, are again making arrangements for a similarentertainment to be held on Jan. 8th.Newcastle-on-Tyne, Oct. 30th.

SCOTLAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

Tlte Edinburgh Royal College of Physicians and the ProposedNew City Hospital.

As has already been stated, when the question of

increasing the accommodation at the City Hospital came npfor consideration, there was a difference of opinion as towhether the present hospital should be enlarged or a site pro-cured for a new hospital. The matter was very wisely sub-mitted to the Royal College of Physicians for an authoritativeopinion on the matter. This, as was indicated at the time,was an important departure and a most enlightened step onthe part of the civic authorities. The Royal College of Physi-cians was duly sensible of its importance and appointed a com-mittee to carefully consider the whole question, and theirreport, as accepted by the College, has now been made public.Without going into the details of that report, it points out theinexpediency and undesirability of extending the presenthospital, for one reason amongst others that it is in a denselypopulated part of the town. It suggests two suitable sitesfor a new hospital, one site being at South Grange in thesouth side of the city, and the other, also in the south side ofthe city, on the eastern slope of Blackford Hill. The reportprefers the former of these as being equidistant from theCanongate and Dalry districts and only fifteen minutes’ walkfrom the Royal Infirmary. The report also disapproves of asuggestion which had been made that the present buildingshould be used for some of the infectious diseases and thenew hospital for others. They consider that a proposal whichshould not be entertained.

Scottish Universities Commission.

By an order of Her Majesty in Council the powers of theCommissioners under the Universities (Scotland) Act, 1889,have been extended to Jan. lst, 1896.

Edinburgh University Court.At the meeting of this court last week several matters of

medical interest were considered. Those bearing upon themedical education of women for graduation have been alreadyreferred to in the pages of THE LANCET. A number of

gentlemen were appointed university lecturers for the currentacademical year. These appointments are not an indicationof any noteworthy departure in the Faculty of Medicine,for the gentlemen obtaining the new title of universitylecturer have for some time been assistants to thevarious professors, and their duties appear to be muchthe same as they were under their old name, and

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their appointments are only for the current year, whichmeans that they are to be made annually, as has hithertobeen the practice. The University can, however, now pointto its lecturers on experimental physiology and histology, onregional anatomy, on experimental pharmacology, on patho-logical bacteriology, and others. The new arrangementsounds better, but it is hardly the kind of thing that thefriends of the University might have desired. ProfessorFrankland’s laboratory at Mason College, Birmingham, wasrecognised as qualifying for graduation in public health ; andDr. Berry Hart, Edinburgh, was recognised as a teacher ofmidwifery. A proposal by the Professor of Chemistry to givea new course in organic chemistry during the winter, at afee of £2 2s., was approved of. !

Infectious Diseases Hosital for Leith.The ceremony of unveiling the memorial stones of this

new hospital was performed by the provost of the burgh onMonday last. They are built on an area of about six acres inthe cottage style. The buildings are of brick, and includefour ward blocks, isolation ward, administrative block, dis-charging block, laundry and disinfecting block, mortuary,and reception rooms. Each of the ward blocks is to bedivided into two, in each of which there will be ten beds andtwo additional beds for delirious or private patients. In theisolation ward there will be ten beds. There will be ninety-eight beds in all. The sanitary arrangements are regardedas perfect. When fully equipped it is estimated to cost

£35,000. It is to be under the charge of the medical officerof health with a resident medical officer.

The Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh.The 158th session of this society was inaugurated last week

by an address from Sir W. H. Broadbent, Bart., M.D., beforea crowded audience of students and a representative body ofprofessors and lecturers. After referring to the importantpart the society must have taken in the medical life of theuniversity he dwelt upon two things which commandedperennial interest in medicine-the advance of medicine inscientific directions and the cultivation of the qualities whichfitted them for its practice. By medicine he meant the art ofhealing. All the knowledge which all the sciences couldbring to them was only a means to an end, and he regrettedthat the reproach was still brought against medicine that itwas only an empiric art, and that physicians could befound who thought so meanly of their profession as toecho this. What was needed to bring therapeutics intoline with science was that they should know, not onlythe effects of drugs, but how those effects were pro-duced. Medicine, by observation and experiment, was

answering many questions of this kind. Referring to theprotective inoculation practised by Pasteur and others, heregretted that Great Britain had been hindered from con-tributing to those beneficial results by obstructive legislation.Notwithstanding this, good work was being done in Edinburgh,Cambridge, and London. Science, he held, would ultimatelybe their guide in the treatment of disease. Splendid advanceshad been made, and were being made, towards the realisationof this aspiration, and he would have them reserve theirhighest homage for those extending their knowledge byresearch and fill their minds with the results of research. Themore scientifically minded they were, the better theywere qualified to apply real knowledge to the treatmentof disease. To make use of knowledge, however, theymust have skill, and this was obtained by cultivation oftheir faculties and of certain mental qualities. The basis ofclinical work was observation, and in close relation with itwas inference or the right interpretation of the facts ofobservation. A higher mental faculty was discrimination,and finally a complete mental picture of the case underobservation.

The Scottish Universities and the Lyons University Festival.The Scottish Universities have asked Lord Reay to repre-

sent them at Lyons at the opening of the new university build-ings there, and his lordship has undertaken to do so.

A Model Lodging-house in Leith.On Monday last a new model lodging-house, built by the

corporation as part of the Leith Improvement Scheme, wasopened. There are six dormitories in the house, each containing28 enclosed beds, making 160 beds in all. The house hasbeen ventilated and heated on the most approved plans, andevery attention has been paid to the sanitary arrangement ofclosets and bath-rooms. Cooking, dining, and reading rooms

are provided on the basement floor as well as the necessarywashing and drying rooms.

The Edinburgh Medico- Chirurgical Society.This society will hold its first meeting for the session

1894-95 on Wednesday next, Nov. 7th, in the Royal Societyof Arts’ rooms, George-street.

Opening of New Craig House Asylum, Edi7iburgA.This building, which is in connexion with the Royal Edin-

burgh Asylum for the Insane, was opened on Oct. 25th,by the Duke of Buccleuch, who was accompanied by the’.Duchess, in the piesence of a large and influential gather-ing, present by special invitation. After prayers by the,Rev. Dr. Macgregor and an interesting account ot the historyof the institution from the chairman of the managers, Mr.James Howden, Dr. Clouston spoke of its medical aspects,.He said that, as insanity was a disease, they had to treat themedical aspect as the most important, if not almost the all-

important, aspect of the building. Everything that bad.taken place in recent medicine in regard to this specialsubject had shown that mental disease was connectedwith definite changes in the brain. The more they investi-gated the more definite this became, and now every largeinstitution considered this branch so important that they.retained a pathologist, who did nothing else but work at thescientific or medical aspect of this obscure disease. Theresult was that year by year the light of science was thrownwith more vividness on their subject, making it more amen-able to treatment. They had now seven medical officersinstead of three or four, but to be as well equipped as theBerlin asylum they ought to have one more yet. But more wasneeded than the administering of physic. There was what.he might call the "conditioning" of the patient, bothas to mind and body. He dwelt upon the importance ofcleanliness, and sunlight, colour, and beauty, and socialrecreation, and said that all these had been taken advantage.of to the utmost as beneficial for their patients by favourablyinfluencing the brain. Their architect, Mr. Sydney Mitchell,had given them a first-rate and beautiful building suitedto the mental condition of the patients. The older institu--tions had been planned chiefly with a view to restraint.Two hospitals had been erected for those who were physicallyweak and required nursing. As to the nursing department,hitherto they had had a very good staff of nurses, but lately.the Association of Mental Diseases had set up a specialsystem of training for nurses, and he was pleased to say thatforty of their staff had passed the examination and heldcertificates in practical psychological or mental nursing as,

given by the association. Civilisation had brought them manyadvantages, but it had also, he was afraid, brought them.certain forms of brain trouble, and they, therefore, calleaupon civilisation to undo the evils it had brought in its train" .,

The Duke of Buccleuch, in formally opening the house, madea short speech. At the luncheon which followed Lord.Provost Russell proposed "Success to New Craig House,’"’while Professor Gairciner proposed the health of Dr>Clouston and of the architect. "They were glad to know,"he said, "that at the head of this institution they had such.a man as Dr. Cloustan, who combined with the knowledge ofthe pbysician and the administrator admirable powers of-

exposition and of teaching. As to the architect, Mr. SydneyMitchell, he was one of the first architects in Scotland, andhad produced an institution superior, probably, to anythingof its kind that had ever gone before it."

Glasgow and the Hygienic Congress at Budapest.The Glasgow Town Council having been enterprising enough’

to send a deputation to this Congress, the delegates (twc/councillors, with Dr. J. B. Russell, the medical officer oi’health) have duly presented their report, which is more-

interesting than such documents generally are. After refer-ring to the subjects discussed at the Congress the report pro-ceeds thus :-" It was a comfort to your delegates to hearthe discoverer of the bacillus of diphtheria conclude his mostinteresting but, to practical sanitarians, somewhat alarmingreport, with the statement that the congenial habitat ofthis bacillus is dirt and darkness, and that cleanly, brightand airy dwelling-houses are the most practical safeguardagainst the epidemic spread of diphtheria. We werereferred back to our old warfare against dirt and dark-ness. As still further bearing upon our own work, we-

may say that these discussions combined to produce a,

conviction in our minds that a bacteriological and chemicallaboratory is an indispensable adjunct of a Municipal

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Sanitary Department. We were happy to think that thishad already been provided for in the plans of our new

premises, and we can only bespeak for its equipment theliberal consideration of the Health Committee. A most

interesting adjunct of the Congress was the hygienic exhibi-tion, to which we devoted considerable attention. We werestruck with the prominence given to the graphic representa-tion of statistical results and to the various aspects of

military medical service, to plans of hospitals, to the

engineering details of water-supply and the collection and- disposal of sewage of towns, to the methods and appliancesof disinfection, &c., all of which, as compared with similar.sxhibitions of older date, satisfied us that throughoutEurope great strides are being taken both in municipal andGovernmental care for the welfare of the people, especiallyin cities. At the same time the municipalities and Govern-ments are following this country, and as yet, at a consider-able distance in the rear, so that we cannot say there is muchin general to be learned by us. A special department in themuseum was devoted to cremation, and it was a surprise tous to discover how far this method of disposing of the deadhad advanced on the Continent, and with how muchconcerted vigour it is being pushed. Cremation is organisedin all European countries. We must protest againstone of the methods of the societies, which made theroom filled by their exhibits gruesome and disgust-ing-viz., the issue of photogravures showing, with duespecification of initials and age, the exact appearanceof certain unfortunates whose remains had been ex-

humed after different periods of decomposition in the

ordinary method of interment. Such horrors are not onlyrepulsive, but they are scientifically erroneous viewed as anargument for cremation. The annual meeting of German-speaking cremation societies was held in Budapest, anddevoted two days to papers and discussions, winding upwith a banquet-surely the most extraordinary as to occasionwhich can be conceived. We suppose the viands would be"funeral bake-meats.’ During our stay in Budapest wevisited general, infectious, and children’s hospitals, an

-

establishment for the sterilisation of milk, and the premisesof a volunteer club of educated young men who efficientlycarry on an ambulance service in the city, which is alsoavailable in case of war. The infectious hospital is that ofSt. Ladislaus, erected by the municipality just outside thelines, not yet opened, but fully equipped. Our inspection ofthis hospital was very interesting. It possesses remarkable- excellences and remarkable defects. Among the formerwas the arrangement for the supply of fresh air, purified

. and, when necessary, heated ; among the latter were thedormitories for nurses. We also saw hot sulphurous andmud baths provided for popular use. The city abounds in,and has been famous for centuries for, hot springs used forbaths, which are, however, for the most part in privatehands, and used as a luxury of the well-to-do."

Oct. 30th. _________________

IRELAND.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Small-pox in Dublin.THE outbreak of small-pox still continues to spread in

Dublin, contrary to the prognostications of the medical autho-rities, and the epidemic has proved that vaccination amongthe poorer classes has been greatly neglected. It also appearsthat several persons had died, although vaccinated ; but sofar as I can learn there has not been a fatal case whererevaccination had been properly carried out. The Cork-streetFever Hospital cannot admit any more small-pox patientsinto its wards, and the management have appealed to theguardians of both the North and South Dublin Unions,requesting their aid. The Local Government Board havewritten to the guardians of both unions that they were underobligation to provide all necessary accommodation for thetreatment of the sick poor, that hospital accommodationincluded the treatment of dangerous infectious diseases,such as small-pox, and that they (the guardians) were

empowered to admit to the hospitals provided by them forinfectious diseases persons who were able to pay for theirmaintenance therein ; but the Hardwicke and Cork-streetHospitals had now reached their limits of accommodation.The guardians have removed 300 in the poor-house from the Kilmainham sheds, and at the suggestion of Mr. Stafiffrd, I

Local Government Board Inspector, have resolved to enterinto arrangements with the Cork-street Hospital to placewhatever convalescent cases they had in the Kilmainhamsheds, leaving Cork-street Hospital to deal with the acutecases.

Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland.The annual general meeting of the Royal Academy of

Medicine was held on Friday, Oct. 26th, to appoint a

President and other office-bearers for the season, Dr. Kidd’sterm of office as President having terminated. Dr. JamesLittle was elected President of the Academy for three years.In the section of State Medicine a lady member of the

Academy, Miss Winifred Dickson, was appointed to theCouncil.

.

Dublin Hospital Sunday.On Sunday, Nov. llth, the twenty-first annual collection

will take place in aid of the Dublin hospitals which par-ticipate in the fund. Last year a sum of JM230 was obtained,being a few pounds under the amount received the previousyear. On Nov. 10th a football match will take place atLansdowne-road in aid of the fund. Should the secondSunday in November be a fine day it will materially helpto increase the collections at the various churches.

Graduates’ Tercentenary Memorial, Trinity College.The arrangement which was made to erect a hall as a

memorial of the tercentenary of Trinity College has been lostsight of for some time past. A considerable amount of moneywas subscribed by graduates at home and in the colonies inorder that a building should be erected to accommodatethe various societies and for other purposes. It is now

pointed out that, although the movement was started in 1892,two years have elapsed, and apparently nothing has beendone to carry out the memorial. About a year ago an appealwas made to the graduates’ memorial committee for somedefinite information regarding the progress of the movement,and a promise was made by the secretaries of the committeethat so soon as a suitable site was allotted by the board ofTrinity College they would immediately, at a public meetingor otherwise, publish a report on the progress of the movementin the newspapers. Surely ample time has been given to thecommittee to act in this matter.

6!??’% Eye, Ear, and 7hroat Hospital.The committee of management met last week in reference

to the rebuilding fund. A letter was read to the effect thatan anonymous gentleman was willing to give f:l000 to beused for the purpose of rebuilding, repairing, or otherwiseassisting the hospital. Dr. Sandford. ophthalmic surgeon tothe institution, who had advanced f:250 while the hospitalwas in a bad financial condition, has generously consented toforego the debt.

Maryborogh Lunatic Asylum.The position of affairs in this asylum is not at all credit-

able to the authorities. All the corridors are occupied bybeds, and the inmates are afraid that an epidemic of beri-beri may occur from the overcrowding. There is but onebath for 450 patients. Although the governors have againand again drawn the attention of the board of control tothis, the latter for the past year have delayed to supplythe baths and closets which are required. Additions esti-mated to cost £ 36, 000 are in contemplation, and will becommenced next month.

Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Quinlan died last week atWicklow from apoplexy. Deceased was sixty-two years ofage, and had seen active service under Lord Roberts andLord Wolseley. He had a medal and clasp for service inAfghanistan.

Dr. M. J. Sheridan has been appointed a Justice of thePeace for Wexford.

Oct. 30th. _______________

PARIS.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Revaccination and its Effect.M. HERVIEUX informs us 1 that for the past seven weeks

not a single case of small-pox has been reported in Paris.Not since fifteen years ago has such a phenomenon been noted,and this satisfactory condition of affairs contrasts strongly

1 Académie de Médecine, Oct. 23rd, 1894.