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on record their conviction " that it is due to the magistrates tcommitting boys of twelve and over, who have been convicted i

of crime, to industrial instead of to reformatory schools. 1

The governors think this probably a mistake as regards the I

boys themselves, and "surely it is a wrong to the other I

inmates of the industrial school who are not criminals, andsome of whom are committed for very different offences, thatthey should be compelled to associate with convicted thieves."They think the two classes should be kept separate, andearnestly commend this subject to the careful considerationof magistrates and of all interested in the reformation ofjuvenile criminals.

The Medical Gllild.

The quarterly meeting of the Medical Guild was heldon April 14th in the Victoria Hotel. The chairman(Alderman Walmsley, J.P.) presided. A discussion took

place on midwives registration and afterwards on profes-sional advertising, and the following resolutions, previouslypassed by the council of the guild, were adopted :-

I.-As regards midwives registration :-1. That it is the duty of the profession to defend and maintain the

Medical Acts.2. That it is advisable that constructive legislation (defensive is

understood) upon the midwives question should be undertaken by themedical profession.

3. That legislation should follow the lines of local registration andsanitary regulations.

4. That the minimum training should be six months’ obstetricnursing in a public lying-in hospital or union infirmary, where thepupil shall be present at not less than thirty labours, in every caseunder the direct supervision of a registered medical practitioner.

5. That no examination should be required and no diploma issued,the sole guarantee of proficiency to act as a midwifery nurse being thecertificate from the medical officer of the lying-in hospital or union’infirmary, which enables her to be placed upon the local register. ’

II.-Professional advertising :-1. While appreciating the legal grounds on which the verdict in

Kingsbury v. Hart was given, the council expresses confidence in theeditor and reference committee of the British Medical Journal in theiraction in the matter referred to in the libel.

2. That this council is of opinion that the evidence having referenceto the ethical aspects of the case, Kingsburv v. Hart, indicates thedistinct necessity which exists for the question of medical ethics beingplaced upon a firmer basis and dealt with in a manner satisfactory tothe profession.In dissenting from the views expressed by the plaintiff’s witnesses

in this matter the council suggests the desirability of more stringentand definite rules of medical ethics being authoritatively laid down forthe guidance of the profession at large.April 21st.

SCOTLAND.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

Edinburgh University New Regulations for Graduation inMedicine.

THE Edinburgh University Court at its meeting last weekapproved the following resolutions regarding the require-ments for degrees in medicine under the new ordinances :—A. Every candidate shall be required to attend in addition topresent requirements : 1. A course of instruction in mentaldiseases consisting of not less than six class-room meetingsfor lectures and demonstrations and ten meetings in thewards of a recognised asylum for the insane. 2. Post-mortemexaminations in a recognised hospital for a period of atleast three months, during which practical instruction isgiven in the methods of making post-mortem examinationsand in framing reports. 3. A course of clinical instructionin infective fevers given at not less than twelve meetings inthe wards of a recognised hospital where clinical instructionis given on cases of infectious diseases. 4. Instruction indiseases of the eye at not less than twelve class-roommeetings and twelve meetings for clinical instruction inthe wards of a recognised hospital or in a hospital and dis-pensary, the course to include efficient practical instruction inthe methods of examining the eye. 5. A course of operativesurgery conducted by the professor or a recognised teacher.B. Every candidate shall also be required to attend any oneof the two following courses : 1. Clinical instruction inchildren’s diseases at not less than four lectures and tenmeetings for clinical instruction in the wards, together withfour meetings in the out-patient department with attendancesat post-mortem examinations. 2. Instruction in diseases ofthe larynx, ear, and nose at not less than six class-room meetings and twelve meetings for clinical in-struction. In connexion with the above it was resolved

list no fee should be charged for attendance on post-iortem examinations and clinical instruction in fevers ;bat the fee for operative surgery be .f.3 3s. ; ; forhildren’s diseases, R2 2s. ; and for mental diseases andiseases of the eye, .f.2 2s. each. The court also received aeport by a committee appointed to consider the question olixed classes in connexion with the medical education oyomen, and agreed to require that classes shall not be mixedlasses except on special cause shown. The court recordedts deep sense of the munificence of the gift of 20,000 left t)y the Earl of Moray, and determined that it should betailed the Earl of Moray’s Endowment."

Milk 2’osecMMM-s.

At the Dunfermline Sheriff Court three farmers were con-victed of selling milk which on analysis was found to havelad from 13 per cent. to 21 per cent. of normal fatabstracted from it, and were fined from .f.2 10s. to ;S5 for sodoing.

Hospitalfor Infectious Diseases for Bemwic7zshire.The east district committee of Berwickshire have resolved

to erect a hospital for infectious diseases at Ayton. The

hospital is to be an iron structure and is to cost aboutR1000.

Glasgow University.The formal closing of the winter session took place on the

14th inst., though the classes in the medical faculty ceasedat the end of March. The graduation ceremony was pre-sided over by Lord Kelvin, and though the degrees con-

ferred were for the most part in arts, divinity, or law, a fewmedical graduates were also to be found. The followinggentlemen received the degree of M.D. :—W. C. Allardice,M.B., John Donald, M.B.. J. C. Robertson, M.B., R. T.Marshall, M.B., the latter being awarded " commendation"

"

for his thesis on "The Mild Malarial Fevers and theirMicrobes." Mr. D. G. Carmichael was "capped" M.B. andC.M., and the same degrees with " commendation wereconferred on Mr. J. M. W. Morison. After the ceremonythe honorary graduates lunched with the Senate, and Pro-fessor Gairdner, who presided, proposed the health of Mr.John Ure on whom the degree of LL.D. had just beenconferred. Mr. Ure was the chairman of the first health

committee in the davs when Dr. Gairdner was medicalofficer of health of the city.

T2<bercuZosis in Cattle.

A conference of Scottish butchers to consider this subjectwas held in Glasgow on the 16th inst. The chairman in hisopening address contended that butchers were being unfairlydealt with by many local authorities and medical officers ofhealth insomuch as carcases purchased in good faith at thehighest market price and in markers under the supervisionof the authorities themselves were frequently ordered to bedestroyed and yet no compensation was offered. He ques-tioned the necessity for this procedure in cases of well-nourished carcases with a merely localised tuberculosis, butin any case if the interests of the community demanded itthe loss should fall upon the public purse. Resolutions

defining these views were afterwards passed and were

ordered to be sent to the members of the Government.

Microscopical Socitty, Glasgow.At the usual monthly meeting of this society on the

16th inst. Dr. T. H. Bryce, lecturer on anatomy, QueenMargaret College, gave a demonstration on ’’ The Develop-

. ment of the Chick," illustrated by lantern slides and

microscopic sections.Medical Appointrnents.

Dr. John Brownlee has been appointed to take charge- under the medical officer of health of the Parliamentary-roadi Fever Hospital, Glasgow. The vacancy was due to the

resignation of Dr. F. Dittmar.-The directors have appointed. Dr. A. L. Pentland-Smith to be assistant medical super-eintendent to the Westgreen Asylum, Dundee.-The Edin-i burgh parish council last week appointed a resident medicals officer to the Craiglockhart Workhouse. Three candidatesh were nominated for the office including a lady. The results of the first vote was that Miss Lillias Thomson, L.R.C.P.f & S. Edin., received nine votes, Mr. George J. Jenkins, M.B.,s- C.M., eight, and Mr. J. J. Hewison, M.A., M.B., C.M., five.i- The second vote resulted in thirteen votes being given tod Dr. Jenkins and nine to Miss Thomson.

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A,nibitlance Inspections.Favourable repcrts after inspection have been made upon

the condition of the ambulance companies of the 3rd Bat-talion Highland Light Infantry and the 4th (Volunteer)Scottish Rifles. The inspecting officer in each case was

Surgeon-Lieutenant Browning, A.M.S.A Fortunate Village.

Dr. Duncan Love of Cumbernauld, a village with a popu-lation of 1000, reports that the village has not had a singlecase of infectious disease for a period of twelve months.

Casualty Surgeons, Glasgow.The Police Commission has decided to increase the salary

of Dr. Chalmers, casualty surgeon to the Southern District,from &pound;70 to &pound;100 per annum. There is a vacancy in theWestern District in consequence of the appointment ofDr. Boyd to be surgeon to the police force.

Aberdeen University.Twenty-four candidates passed the April medical pre-

liminary examination at the University of Aberdeen.-’CheUniversity Council has appointed a committee to keep alivean interest in the wants of the university as to new chairs,additional lectureships, and the provision and maintenanceof fresh museums and laboratories. Among the "pressingwants " embraced in the recommendations approved of werebotanical gardens and residential halls for male and femalestudents.

Hospital Saturday in Aberdeen.The Aberdeen Town Council has agreed to the request of

the committee appointed by the friendly societies by grantingthe use of Duthie Park on Saturday, June 27th, for a gala.There will be a monster procession through the streets of thecity and various sports in the park. The whole proceeds willgo to the Royal Infirmary, and given good weather it is

expected to raise about &pound;1000.

Corporation Balnearies, Aberdeen Sea Beach-IllarineAquarium.

The rew bathing station erected by the town council onthe Aberdeen sea-beach, from designs by the city archi-tect and at a cost of between &pound;3000 and .64000, will beopened on May lst. The building has a frontage of111 ft., and the external walls are of compressed redbrick from Ruabon with white fire-brick facings. Themain block, 40 ft. by 35 ft., has open verandahs bothon the front facing the Links and that facing the sea,and there is a tower 37 ft. high in each corner, with awater tank in the top of each tower. There is also a cen-tral ventilating tower, rising to a height of 44ft. above theground level. In the basement are the kitchen, laundry,boiler-room, engine-room, pumping apparatus, servants’ w.c.,&c. ; and on the ground floor a large refreshment-room,35 ft. 9 in. by 17 ft. 6 in., waiting-rooms, the superintendent’sroom, and the office. Each of the two wings measures35ft. by 28 ft. 6 in., and contains eight finely fittedbathrooms, lavatory accommodation, &c. There arc fourwater-supply pipes for each bath--hot sea-water, cold sea-water, hot fresh-water, and cold fresh-water. Behind theold bath-house is an open gymnastic ground fitted withhorizontal and parallel bars, vaulting horses, giant strides,&c. In the refreshment room in the former bathing stationis to be provided-on the suggestion of Mr. H. AIlcyne Nichol-son, M.A., M.D. Edin., D.Sc., Professor of Natural Historyin the University of Aberdeen-a marine aquarium, while inan adjacent room will be a tank for the scientific observationof sea animals during life. The aquarium will be under thescientific direction of Professor Nicholson and assistants.It will be on a small scale at first, the cost being fl-60, but itis hoped that it will form the nucleus of a valuable marinezoological observatory. All the inside baths, bathingcoaches, and bathing arrangements on the sea beach areunder the direct management of the municipal corporation.April 21st.

IRELAND.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENTS.)

The Health (If Dublin.A’r the last meeting of the 1’ublic Health Committee on the

15th inst. Sir Charles (ameron reported that during the firstfourteen weeks of the present year the death-rate was 7-3 per

1000 below the mean rate for the corresponding period in theprevious ten years. During the week ending April llth,,1896,

, there were but 12 deaths from zymotic diseases, while in thecorresponding week of last year the number was 23. During

. that week one case of typhus fever was notified under the

.

provisions of the Infectious Diseases Notification Act. Itis now quite an unusual thing for even one case of typhusfever to be notified in Dublin or to be received into theDublin hospitals, where some twelve years ago typhus feverwas almost as common in the wards as typhoid fever.At the annual meeting of the supporters of the AdelaideHospital, on the 15th inst., the medical report, signed byDr. James Little and Dr. Wallace Beatty, contained theremark, " It is interesting to note that but seldom now dowe see typhus, no case of this formidable disease havingbeen admitted to the hospital for years. The disease hasceased to prevail in Dublin." Now this remark applies topractically all the general and even fever hospitals of Dublin,and it is not alone interesting but very satisfactory to notethat a disease which was more than once so widely epidemicas to constitute a plague in Ireland has now become so rarethat the occurrence of one case in the person of a womanliving at the north side of the city has become a notablecircumstance.

Automobiles or Horseless Carriages.On April 16th, at a meeting of the Belfast Natural History

and Philosophical Society, Mr. John Brown (the honorarytreasurer) gave a most interesting lecture before a crowdedhouse on horseless carriages. The Lord Mayor presided, anda great many members of the medical profession, to whomthese methods of locomotion may eventually be of the utmostvalue, were present. Mr. Brown has for some time givengreat attention to this subject and during a recent visit toFrance purchased an automobile, which is said to be the firstintroduced into Ireland. It is driven by a Serpollet steammotor and was on exhibition in the hall in which the lecturewas given. In addition to the carriage itself, Mr. Brownemployed to illustrate his lecture a numerous collection oflantern slides showing the history and development of thisrecent application of mechanical ingenuity. At the end of thelecture, which was received with great enthusiasm, the follow-ing resolution was passed : " That this meeting approves ofthe proposed modification of the Locomotive Acts so as to pro-mote the use of mechanically propelled carriages on publicroads, subject to suitable provisions for the safety and con-veilience of the public." The Lord Mayor, who is one of thepartners in the great shipbuilding firm of Harland and’Wolff, said it was a matter of extreme regret that whilegreat developments had taken place during recent years inmechanical contrivances for a variety of purposes, in one

particular-that of horseless carriages-British skill and

enterprise had not only been discouraged, but positively! checked and thwarted by an antiquated Act of Parliamentthat should have been repealed long ago. It is hoped thatat the next agricultural show in Belfast, at the end of June,we may have an exhibition of these horseless carriages.

The Abuse of Hospitals.I understand that the secretary of the Belfast Hospital

for Sick C’hildren has sent a letter to the members of themedical profession in Belfast stating that as it has beenreported that cases unsuitable for treatment at that hospitalfrom time to time present themselves the medical staff willfeel obliged if the name and address of any such cases willbe reported to him so as to assist the medical officers in pre-venting abuse of the charity. The extern department of thishospital has of late increased to a very great extent andthere can be no doubt that numbers of patients receive adviceand medicine who could quite well pay a small fee to thehardworking medical men of whom there is such a largenumber in Belfast.

The Proposed New Derry Asylum.With reference to the proposed erection of a new asylum

at Londonderry at a cost of about .620,000, one of the

Limavady guardians, at the last meeting of that board, heldon April 20th, introduced the subject by stating that if thisnew building were erected the cost would fall entirely on theagricultural community of the county Derry and would meanan increase in the rates of from 4d. to 5d. in the pound, whichwas a very serious matter and of great importance to them all.He said the present Derry Asylum had cost a great deal, andduring the last eleven years there had been in all 29,066expended on it, which amount, repayable in fourteen years..