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Scott Dittman, University RegistrarBarbara Rowe, Associate University Registrar
Washington and Lee University
SACRAO 2009, New Orleans
Origin of this session Inclusiveness, diversity, multicultural
awareness W&L demographics, mission and philosophy
statements At the institution level At the department level At the personal level
article entitled "Spreading the Global Message"
The Teacher's Role: "How do I know when I am teaching in an internationally minded way? " "…traditional food, flags and festival response… I sometimes think this approach is too limiting."
M. White
Celebrating tradition: "I used to think celebrating diversity was the key, but have come to think differently. The trouble with only celebrating diversity is that you are only celebrating difference…"
N. Alchin
Focused on attending sessions dealing with diversity, inclusiveness, multi-cultural awareness and sensitivity
Walt Disney World Global Strategies for diversity and inclusion: fostering a diverse "cast"
Started to look at how I approached this professionally and personally
How to improve? How to improve to support the W&L mission? How to improve personally?
SACS Self-study Office survey on service and attitude Revision of mission Personnel evaluations
Diversity: differing from one another; composed of distinct or unlike elements or qualities: variety; especially : the inclusion of diverse people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization Merriam-Webster
Increasing diversity: increasing tolerance for people of different backgrounds
Awareness of differences Increased exposure to people, ideas,
perspectives, experiences Limitations of certain words to describe what
we mean
Inclusive: "broad in orientation or scope" Merriam-Webster
Inclusive: 1. Taking a great deal or everything within its scope; comprehensive: an inclusive survey of world economic affairs. 2. Including the specified extremes or limits as well as the area between them: the numbers one to ten, inclusive.
The Free Dictionary by Farlex
As defined … inclusive organizations not only have diverse individuals involved; more importantly, they are learning-centered organizations that value the perspectives and contributions of all people, and strive to incorporate the needs and viewpoints of diverse communities into the design and implementation of universal and inclusive programs."
K. Pease
Cultural Awareness: the foundation of communication; involves the ability of standing back from ourselves and becoming aware of our cultural values, beliefs and perceptions. It becomes central when we have to interact with people from other cultures.
Culturosity.com
International mindedness: a call for new relationships between cultures to experience the exciting exchange of our hopes, fears and optimism for the future.
IB World, Spreading the Global Message
Sex and Gender Race and ethnic groups International multicultural students Gay, lesbian, bisexual Transgender Disabilities Age and generational issues Religious diversity Minority cultures on our campuses Others?
Add demographics here
Lexington VA Founded in 1749 2,150 students (1,750 undergrads, 400 law) 850 employees strong culture of civility: speaking tradition;
student-run, single-sanction Honor System
Washington and Lee University provides a liberal arts education that develops students' capacities to think freely, critically, and humanely and to conduct themselves with honor, integrity, and civility. Graduates will be prepared for life-long learning, personal achievement, responsible leadership, service to others, and engaged citizenship in a global and diverse society.
www.wlu.edu/x35.xml, adopted May 2008
"The University is also committed to the importance of international learning and the ideal of global stewardship"
"Washington and Lee is an international institution. Although the University is located in the southern United States, its student body represents broad geographic, social and economic cross sections of the nation and the world… "
"Striving to achieve economic and social diversity among its students, the University seeks an admits students of all racial, ethnic, educational, and religious backgrounds and welcomes students from around the world."
Washington and Lee University Catalog, 2008-09, pages 12-13
"The University is also committed to the importance of international learning and the ideal of global stewardship"
"Washington and Lee is an international institution. Although the University is located in the southern United States, its student body represents broad geographic, social and economic cross sections of the nation and the world…
"Striving to achieve economic and social diversity among its students, the University seeks an admits students of all racial, ethnic, educational, and religious backgrounds and welcomes students from around the world."
Washington and Lee University Catalog, 2008-09, pages 12-13
"The University is also committed to the importance of international learning and the ideal of global stewardship"
"Washington and Lee is an international institution. Although the University is located in the southern United States, its student body represents broad geographic, social and economic cross sections of the nation and the world…
"Striving to achieve economic and social diversity among its students, the University seeks an admits students of all racial, ethnic, educational, and religious backgrounds and welcomes students from around the world."
Washington and Lee University Catalog, 2008-09, pages 12-13
"…Washington and Lee University commits itself to the recruitment and retention of a broad, inclusive student body, faculty, and administration who represent a wide range of interests, abilities, and cultures – a diverse array of talent. The University will strengthen a curriculum that increases knowledge, awareness and understanding of diversity and inclusiveness, and will create a climate that builds on our core values to welcome and nurture all members of the Washington and Lee community. Just as a vibrant liberal arts education in the classroom challenges attitudes, beliefs and accepted ways of thinking, the interaction outside the classroom of individuals with different perspectives strengthens our educational enterprise."
www.wlu.edu/x7482.xml, approved May 2002
15 years of international flags at public events
5 years of Kente cloth ceremonies
newsletters: Hillel, international education, etc.
standing Committee on Inclusiveness
task force on socio-economic diversity
support of student organizations on international education, minority groups, theme dinners, concerts
faculty and staff Excellence in Diversity Award: "personal commitment to promoting diversity awareness, acceptance, and appreciation"
external consultant
In November 2008, Ms. Karen Salter '85L came to W&L to facilitate a discussion on creating a welcoming and accepting environment at W&L
Intercultural skills• Be aware of one's own culture• Practice empathy with others• Be non-judgmental• Be aware of stereotypes• Tolerate ambiguity
The office of the University Registrar supports the University's mission to provide "a liberal arts education…"
Our specific goals include … improving the personal and professional interpersonal skills and technical competencies of the office staff.
"What you say does matter and informs the community."
What role do the offices, faculty and staff play in affecting the campus environment?
Have a guest house attitude• invite them in• be welcoming• always listen
Be sensitized to the needs of international students, but understand that part of their education is the immersion in this culture
Make an extra effort for international students or others new to the "culture" – be accessible ("face time"), friendly, willing to be taught
Try to anticipate a need, or help with forming a question (often students or "1st-gen" parents don't know the question to ask so they don't get the help they need – help them a bit)
Train staff to understand, to listen, and to be patient
Speak slowly and clearly and listen carefully
Ask students to repeat their names or requests
Repeat our questions
UR office to join the SAIL Facebook group and new International Ed group for summer orientation
FAQ for international students or help for the web page (don't take any question for granted, "where do I find ...?")
Be aware of current events – e.g., international, natural disaster - Have a world map in the office
Proper pronunciation: (phonetics for commencement script)Thuc-Quyen Thu Bui TUK-KWIN TOO BOO-weeJoan Oreanuoluwapo Oguntimein JOAN ahr-ray-AHN-noo-oh-lew-WAH-po
oh-GUN-tih-men
Proper pronunciation and spelling, especially of faculty names in print
Wayne Dymàček (a-grave and c-caron in surname)Françoise Frégnac-Clave (c-cedilla in first name, e-acute in surname)
Use www.culturecrossing.net as a resource for cross-cultural etiquette and understanding
Prejudice is not seeing difference.Prejudice is seeing difference
and then thinking less.
source unknown, quoted by Karen Salter
Write on your blank card
Your birth order
Where were you born or raised?
Religion
Ethnic group
Gender
Class
Age (in general)
Any "hidden" identities?*presented by Karen Salter at W&L
DefenseReversalDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
ethnocentrism ethnorelativism
from Bennett, 1986
Do not recognize cultural differences
Lack of experience with differences
Don’t see how our own culture impacts our and others’ lives
Disinterest or avoidance
Example
◦ Superficial comments about difference “Live and let live” “I don’t need to know”
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Food, flags, and festivals – non-threatening cultural awareness activities
◦ Start to recognize differences
DefenseDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
Recognizes some differences, but sees them as negative (threatening)
Cultural difference seen in a polarized way – “us” and “them”
Simple view of one’s culture is exalted and other cultures are denigrated
Example
◦ “We know best” Other cultures “need our help”
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Emphasize what cultures have in common – what is “good” in all cultures
◦ Recognize and admit if your initial reaction is defensive or denigrating
DefenseDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
Arrival of cultural sensitivity
Tolerant, but color-blind to cultural differences
Unaware of projection of own cultural values; still based on our own cultural terms
Last attempt on the scale to preserve the centrality of one’s own world (holding to ethnocentric view)
Example
◦ Projecting our religious world view – “we are all children of God, whether we know it or not”
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Training with simulation exercises, specific examples of how communication can be interpreted differently, personal stories
◦ Remain silent and listen…
DefenseDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
Hey! People are different!
Move to ethnorelative understanding
Shifts perspectives to understand that the same "ordinary" behavior can have different meanings in different cultures
Enjoy recognizing and exploring differences
Example
◦ “Tell me how you grew up” “What was your high school like?”
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Move from “talk the talk” to “walk the walk”
◦ Training managers in intercultural skills, stress recognition and respect for behavioral difference, and verbal/nonverbal communication styles
◦ Seek opportunities (reading, listening, interacting)
DefenseDenial MinimizationAcceptance Adaptation Integration
The heart of intercultural sensitivity
Can evaluate other's behavior from your frame of reference and can adapt behavior to fit the norms of a different culture
Empathize – take the other person’s perspective
Example
◦ Acting in a culturally appropriate way (taking off shoes before entering house of particular family)
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Organization allow cultural differences to be used as a resource.
◦ Face-to-face interaction in real-life communication situations
◦ Educational training in intercultural competence
DefenseDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
You intentionally make a significant and sustained effort to become fully competent in new cultures
Typical bi-cultural or multi-cultural person
Can shift cultural frame of reference and also deal with resulting identity issues
Example
◦ “I love it here in France, but I also love it back home” Feels most comfortable in bridging differences between cultures
Strategies for personal growth?
◦ Assume roles that help
◦ Establish one’s own “cultural core” or personal value system
DefenseDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
DefenseReversalDenial Minimization Acceptance Adaptation Integration
ethnocentrism ethnorelativism
from Bennett, 1986
"I've discovered that when I'm kind to myself, I'm kinder to everyone around me."
Naomi Rose
... to yourself‣ Quiet time: meditate,
listen to relaxing music‣ Pampering: massage,
facial, bath‣ Nature: take a long look
around‣ Healthy outlet: exercise,
creative activity‣ Thoughtful examination
of life attitudes, activities, worth
... to others‣ Listened attentively‣ Thanked everyone who
did something for me‣ Chose positive thoughts
and words‣ Refrained from
gossiping, complaining‣ Complimented someone‣ Smiled / said hello /
waved to someone
In what ways can I help my institution go from being merely a diverse community to being an inclusive community?
In what ways can my office's activities and attitudes support our institutional mission, specifically in areas of cultural awareness and inclusiveness?
What steps will I take to cultivate more of a sense of awareness of cultural differences and become more open and welcoming?
Alchin,N., and M. White. 2008. Spreading the global message. IB World. Issue 52 www.ibo.org/ibworld/jan2008/globalmessage.cfm
Bennett,M. 1986. A Developmental Approach to Training for Intercultural Sensitivity. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. Vol.10.
Christo-Baker,E.A. 2008. Communication Across Cultures. AACRAO-Orlando.
CNN. Pay It Forward at Starbucks. Nov. 18, 2008. tinyurl.com/59k3hy www.culturecrossing.net – cross-cultural etiquette and understanding Deane,B. 1991. A Model for Personal Change: Developing Intercultural
Sensitivity. Cultural Diversity at Work Journal. Vol.3, No. 5. Farlex. The Free Dictionary. www.thefreedictionary.com www.HelpOthers.org www.kindness.com Pease,K. 2005. "Inclusiveness at Work: How to Build Inclusive Non-Profit
Organizations", The Denver Foundation. www.nonprofitinclusiveness.org/node/54#workbook
Quappe,S., and G. Cantatore. What is Cultural Awareness, anyway? How do I build it? www.culturosity.com
Salter,K. Conflict Resolution and Mediation Consultant. [email protected]
Scott Dittman, University RegistrarBarbara Rowe, Associate University Registrar
Washington and Lee University
SACRAO 2009, New Orleans