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8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scramble-for-europe 1/16
[NL ZJUMDEHLFAU L\UAPLFumoçacz Gakldlo{ mok Baomz Pmulhha$Phlzolu
wc{n Mhcjl Ucjnmuk
P AH C J S
E U C L F
Z \ D D M U S
M icok af ‘zjumdehl fau L|uapl— cz oaw {micogphmjl mz Jncom p|ujnmzlz L|uaplmo gavluodlo{kle{( covlz{z co L|uaplmo jadpmoclz mok l~phac{zL|uapl–z aplo dmuil{ fau p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/Juczcz$nc{ L|uapl–z ollk fau znau{${lud jmzncz mhhawcog Jncom oa{ b|z{ {a z{ucil j|{$pucjlklmhz e|{ mhza {a phms aff dldelu z{m{lz mgmcoz{lmjn a{nlu mok mgmcoz{ {nlcu awo jahhlj{cvlco{lulz{z ‚ ulphcjm{cog m z{um{lgs c{ nmz mhulmks |zlk co {nl klvlhapcog wauhk/ [nl l~pmozcaoaf Jncom–z pulzlojl co L|uapl cz julm{cog olw fm|h{ hcolz wc{nco L|uapl mok dmicog c{ d|jnnmuklu {a cdphldlo{ {nl daul jaaukcom{lk mok{a|gnlu z{um{lgs {awmukz Jncom {nm{ {nl L\ wmz elgcoocog {a klvlhap/ Mz L|uaplmoz jadpl{l
wc{n lmjn a{nlu fau Jncolzl e|zcolzz( {nls mululk|jcog {nlcu jnmojlz af jahhlj{cvlhs olga{cm{coguljcpuajmh mjjlzz {a Jncolzl dmuil{z/
[ncz euclf mug|lz {nm{ L|uaplmoz zna|hk oa{ ehmdl Jncom fau {micog {nl appau{|oc{s {al~pmok c{z ljaoadcj faa{nahk cozckl L|uapl mokhlvlumgl c{z omojcmh mok jaddlujcmh co|lojl
wc{n jmzn$z{umpplk dldelu z{m{lz/ Oau zna|hk{nls ulzau{ {a pua{lj{caoczd/ Coz{lmk( {nls zna|hk |ocfs mua|ok {nlcu jahhlj{cvl co{lulz{zmok {mil z{lpz {a julm{l m u|hlz$emzlk mok hlvlhphmscog fclhk ao wncjn L|uaplmo fcudz mulmehl {a jadpl{l co Jncom co {nl zmdl wms {nm{Jncolzl jadpmoclz jmo co L|uapl/ Co pmu{cj|hmu(
{nls zna|hk julm{l m jaaukcom{lk zsz{ld faugavluodlo{ kle{ p|ujnmzlz mok m zsz{ld fau vl{{cog kculj{ covlz{dlo{( mok loja|umgl fmcujadpl{c{cao co p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/
Jncom cz e|scog |p L|uapl/ C{z m|{adaechl dmo|fmj{|uluz
nmvl ea|gn{ DG mok Vahva mok {milo m hcfl$zmvcog z{milco Zmme/ C{z {umozpau{m{cao udz mul mj}|cucog( hlmzcog au
dmomgcog nmuea|uz( mcupau{z( mok hagcz{cjmh mok mzzldehs
emzlz mjuazz {nl jao{colo{/ C{z klvlhapdlo{ emoi cz omojcog
puablj{z co L|uapl–z plucpnlus d|jn hcil c{ kalz co Mfucjm/
C{z p|ujnmzlz af p|ehcj kle{ mul mo~ca|zhs za|gn{ es kljc{$
uckklo L\ dldelu z{m{lz/ Co fmj{( c{ |zlz {nl puazplj{ af {nlzl
eaok p|ujnmzlz mz pmu{ af c{z awo p|ehcj kcphadmjs/ Co {nl
ol~{ wmvl af p|ehcj m|z{luc{s co L|uapl( c{z zavlulcgo f|okz
mok p|ehcj au }|mzc$p|ehcj udz wchh el mehl {a znap mua|ok
fau daul klmhz ao lvlus{ncog fuad p|ehcj |{chc{clz {a vmh|mehl
co{luom{caomh mzzl{z nlhk es {nl wlmilu L|uaplmo ljaoadclz/
Aojl m hmugl e|{ kcz{mo{ {umkl pmu{olu( Jncom cz oaw mhza m
pawluf|h mj{au wc{nco L|uapl c{zlhf/
Co fmj{( m icok af ‘zjumdehl fau L|uapl— cz oaw {micog phmjl/ Af
ja|uzl( Jncom cz oa{ jahaoczcog L|uapl mz L|uapl jahaoczlk
Mfucjm m{ {nl lok af {nl ocol{llo{n jlo{|us/ L|uapl cz oa{ m
za|ujl af om{|umh ulza|ujlz mz Mfucjm wmz/ Um{nlu( c{ cz af{lo
mkvmojlk {ljnoahags co wncjn Jncom cz co{lulz{lk wnlo c{
mj}|culz L|uaplmo jadpmoclz/ Daulavlu( L|uapl ollkz
Jncom mok wlhjadlz {nl Jncolzl pulzlojl/ E|{ juczcz$nc{
L|uapl–z ollk fau znau{${lud jmzn co auklu {a eaaz{ dmuil{
jaoklojl co gavluodlo{ kle{( {a zmvl jadpmoclz mok {n|z
baez( mok {a zmvl daols ao cofumz{u|j{|ul puablj{z cz mhhawcog
Jncolzl jadpmoclz oa{ b|z{ {a z{ucil j|{$pucjl klmhz e|{ mhza{a phms aff dldelu z{m{lz mgmcoz{ lmjn a{nlu mok mgmcoz{ {nlcu
awo jahhlj{cvl co{lulz{z ‚ ulphcjm{cog m z{um{lgs Jncom nmz
mhulmks |zlk co {nl klvlhapcog wauhk/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scramble-for-europe 2/16
[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
5
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
[ncz l~pmozcao af Jncom–z pulzlojl co L|uapl jadlz b|z{ mz {nl
L\ wmz elgcoocog {a klvlhap m daul jaaukcom{lk mok {a|gnlu
z{um{lgs {awmukz Jncom/ E|{ {nl lfflj{z af {nl ljaoadcj juczcz
mul oaw fumj{|ucog L|uapl–z ldeusaocj |oc{s mok dmicog c{
d|jn nmuklu {a cdphldlo{ {ncz olw mppuamjn/ Co pmu{cj|hmu(
mz Jncom eljadlz m dmbau omojcmh( covlz{dlo{ mok p|ehcj
puavcklu fau L|uapl( c{ hlmvlz {nl L|uaplmoz hc{{hl hlvlumgl {a
cdpuavl {nlcu awo mjjlzz {a {nlzl vlus zmdl zlj{auz co Jncom(
wncjn mul daz{hs jhazlk au jao{uahhlk/ Co znau{( mz L|uaplmoz
jadpl{l wc{n lmjn a{nlu fau Jncolzl e|zcolzz( {nls kcdcoczn
{nlcu hlvlumgl mok {n|z ulk|jl {nlcu jnmojlz af jahhlj{cvlhs
z{ucicog m el{{lu klmh wc{n Jncom/
[ncz euclf zlliz {a l~phaul {nl cdphcjm{caoz af Jncom–z gmdl$
jnmogcog pulzlojl co L|uapl/ C{ mug|lz {nm{ L|uaplmoz
zna|hk oa{ ehmdl Jncom fau {micog {nl appau{|oc{s {a l~pmok
c{z ljaoadcj faa{nahk cozckl L|uapl mok hlvlumgl c{z omojcmh
mok jaddlujcmh co|lojl wc{n jmzn$z{umpplk dldelu z{m{lz/
E|{ {nls zna|hk p|zn fau kljczcvl z{lpz {a klvlhap {nlcuawo jmpmjc{s {a jaaukcom{l {nlcu co{lulz{z co auklu {a dll{
{ncz jnmhhlogl/ Co pmu{cj|hmu( {nls zna|hk hlvlumgl {nl L\–z
co{luomh dmuil{ {a cdpuavl mjjlzz co Jncom( nmuolzz Jncom–z
z|uph|z omojcmh ulza|ujlz fau d|{|mh elol{ mok cdpuavl
L|uapl–z hlvlh af |oc{s coz{lmk af lohmugcog kcvczcaoz/ Cf {nls
kao–{( {nls uczi fmjcog m vluzcao af {nl puczaolu–z kchlddm( co
wncjn lmjn dldelu z{m{l wchh z{ucil c{z awo pucvm{l klmhz mok(
co {nl puajlzz( |okluj|{ mos pazzcechc{s af m jaddao pahcjs
{awmukz Jncom/
Jncom–z olw L|uaplmo z{um{lgs Jncom oa haoglu wmo{z m ‘z{um{lgcj pmu{oluzncp— wc{n L|uapl/
Co 500>$5003( fahhawcog uljucdcom{caoz ao n|dmo ucgn{z(
{nl jao{co|m{cao af {nl L|uaplmo mudz ldemuga mok {nl
z{mok$aff ao Dmuil{ Ljaoads Z{m{|z mok m ncgnlu hlvlh af
pmu{oluzncp( Jncom kawogumklk c{z pahc{cjmh l~plj{m{caoz af
L|uapl m{ {nl vlus dadlo{ wnlo c{ |pgumklk c{z ulhm{caozncp
wc{n {nl \oc{lk Z{m{lz( wncjn c{ oaw zmw mz {nl daz{
cdpau{mo{ pmu{olu/ E|{ {nl ghaemh ljaoadcj juczcz nmz mhza
cofh|lojlk Jncom–z z{um{lgs {awmukz L|uapl mgmco/ Jncom
nmk mhwmsz ulmhczlk {nm{ c{z emzcj v|holumechc{s co ulhm{cao {a
L|uapl wmz c{z ollk fau jao{co|lk mjjlzz {a L|uapl–z dmuil{/
Co fmj{( wnlulmz {nl \Z klplokz ao jao{co|lk Jncolzlp|ujnmzlz af c{z p|ehcj kle{( {nl L|uaplmoz nmvl ollklk
mhdaz{ oa{ncog co ul{|uo/ E|{ j|uulo{ mjja|o{ kljc{z mok
p|ehcj kle{ ldluglojclz nmvl jnmoglk {nm{/ Mz aol af Jncom–z
{ap z{um{lgcz{z p|{ c{ eh|o{hs2 ‘Sa| ollk a|u daols/— =
Co fmj{( fmu fuad m olw ‘z{um{lgcj pmu{oluzncp—( Jncom cz oaw
co lfflj{ mpphscog {a L|uapl–z plucpnlus m zl{ af z{um{lgclz
mok {aahz {nm{ nmz pmck aff lhzlwnlul co {nl klvlhapcog wauhk/
Jncom nmz haog klmh{ echm{lumhhs wc{n ja|o{uclz co Mfucjm( {nl
Dckkhl Lmz{ mok Hm{co Mdlucjm wnchl pmscog hcp zluvcjl
{a ulgcaomh coz{c{|{caoz/ C{ ldpnmzczlz ‘d|{|mh elolfc{—(
fuclokzncp mok faudz af mzzcz{mojl {nm{ ga {a {nl nlmu{ af
hajmh lhc{lz( e|chkz |p m jnmco af co|lojl {nm{ l~{lokz fuad
{umozpau{ .pau{z( mcupau{z( uamkz# {a hajmh mzzldehs .wc{n
klzcgom{lk Jncolzl cok|z{ucmh pmuiz# mok hagcz{cjz .Jncom–z
zlm( mcu mok jao{mcolu jadpmoclz( {lhljadz ol{wauiz# mok
lvlo{|mhhs {a kcz{uce|{cao .fuad zdmhh$zjmhl {umkluz wna
faud m zcrmehl pau{cao af Jncolzl cddcgumo{z {a hmugl
kcz{uce|{cao udz wauicog |p {nl vmh|l jnmco#/ L|uapl cz oaw
elgcoocog {a l~pluclojl {nl zmdl mppuamjn mz Jncom e|sz
au e|chkz cofumz{u|j{|ul puablj{z( zompz |p mchcog jadpmoclz
au jahhlj{z mzzl{z fuad }|mzc$cozahvlo{ z{m{lz( gl{z m faa{nahk
co {nl kcz{uce|{cao zlj{au mok |zlz hajmh dlkcm {a cojulmzl c{z
zaf{ pawlu .zll ea~ ao pmgl :#/
Jncom nmz pmu{cj|hmuhs faj|zlk ao {nl Dlkc{luumolmo mok
za|{n$lmz{luo dldelu z{m{lz daz{ co ollk af Jncolzl jmzn/
[ncz nmz julm{lk olw ulhm{caozncpz el{wllo plucpnlumh
dldelu z{m{lz mok Jncom/ Fau l~mdphl( Pau{|gmh( C{mhs(
Gulljl mok Zpmco oaw ulpulzlo{ :0 plujlo{ af Jncolzl
covlz{dlo{z mok {umkl fmjchc{m{cao co L|uapl( mok Jlo{umhmok Lmz{luo L|uaplmo ja|o{uclz moa{nlu =0 plujlo{ ‚ m
kczpuapau{caom{lhs hmugl mda|o{ gcvlo {nl avlumhh zcrl af
{nlcu ljaoadclz/5 Fuad m L|uaplmo pluzplj{cvl( c{ dms zlld
mz cf {nl Jncolzl mul l~phac{cog L|uapl–z zaf{ |okluelhhs/
[nl kmoglu fau L|uapl cz {nm{ {nlul wchh el m icok af ‘Jncom
haees— af zdmhhlu dldelu z{m{lz wc{nco {nl L\/ Lvlo mf{lu
50=; ‚ wnlo m dmbauc{s kljczcao m{ {nl L|uaplmo Ja|ojch wchh
ul}|cul =< dldelu z{m{lz wc{n 6< plujlo{ af {nl pap|hm{cao ‚
Jncom ja|hk klplok ao zadl af {nld ‚ pmu{cj|hmuhs Jspu|z(
Dmh{m mok Gulljl ‚ {a ehaji mos |omocda|z kljczcao mgmcoz{
c{z co{lulz{z/
Ao {nl a{nlu nmok( Jncolzl hlmkluz zms ‚ wc{n zadl
b|z{cjm{cao ‚ {nm{ {nls jmooa{ wco/ ‘C{ zlldz {nm{ {nlul wchh
mhwmsz el zadl aol paco{cog ogluz m{ |z wnl{nlu wl e|s c{
au oa{(— zmck klp|{s faulcgo dcocz{lu F| Scog co Dmujn/: [nls
mug|l {nm{ cdpuavcog ulhm{caozncpz wc{n cokcvck|mh dldelu
z{m{lz( emzlk ao ljaoadcj appau{|oc{clz fau Jncom mok c{z
jadpmoclz( wchh elol{ L\$Jncom ulhm{caoz mz m wnahl/ Mz m
gua|p af Jncolzl {ncoi${moiluz nmvl wuc{{lo( mo cdpuavldlo{
af Jncom–z ulhm{caoz wc{n cokcvck|mh dldelu z{m{lz wchh ‘gcvl
f|u{nlu cdpl{|z {a {nl puagulzzcvl klvlhapdlo{ af Jncom$
L\ ulhm{caoz—/; Nawlvlu( za fmu {ncz kalz oa{ zlld {a el
nmpplocog( mh{na|gn Jncom–z faulcgo pahcjs jnclf Kmc Ecogg|a
dll{z ulg|hmuhs wc{n Ncgn Ulpulzlo{m{cvl Jm{nlucol Mzn{ao/Ulpau{lkhs( {nl L\$Jncom z|ddc{ co Aj{aelu 50=0 mhdaz{
loklk puldm{|ulhs wnlo Pucdl Dcocz{lu Wlo Bcmema {aai
afflojl m{ pulvca|zhs mooa|ojlk L|uaplmo kldmokz ao
uljcpuajc{s mok {nl ulodcoec–z l~jnmogl um{l/
= Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( 56 Dms 50==/
5 Fau {nl fcg|ulz ao {nl Dlkc{luumolmo( zll Guczaoz Plmi Jncom A|{ea|ok Covlz{dlo{ulzlmujn ulpau{( ]|mu{luhs Flm{|ul Vah|dl 3( p/ ;/ Fau fcg|ulz ao Jlo{umh mok Lmz{luoL|uapl .Pahmok( Jrljn Ulp|ehcj( Zhavmicm( N|ogmus( Uadmocm( E|hgmucm( Zhavlocm(Juam{cm( Zluecm( Mhemocm( Dao{lolgua mok Dmjlkaocm#( zll {nl fcg|ulz puavcklk es Jncolzl Vcjl Dcocz{lu af Faulcgo Mffmcuz F| Scog co mo co{luvclw wc{n olwz mglojs Oavcoc{l( p|ehcznlk ao 5= Dmujn 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/oavcoc{l/jad!vclwQ
olwz/pnp1ck4=56<0=/: Cvmo Kciav( ‘Jncom–z Vcjl Faulcgo Dcocz{lu F| Scog2 Jncolzl Jadpmoclz Ollk Gaak M{dazpnlul {a Ka E|zcolzz co Lmz{luo L|uapl—( Oavcoc{l Cozcklu( 5= Dmujn 50==(mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/oavcoc{l/jad!vclwQolwz/pnp1ck4=56<0=/
; Jnlo Rncdco( Kmc Ecogumo( Pmo Rnaog}c mok Kcog Jn|o( ‘Jncom–z Pucauc{clz mokZ{um{lgs co Jncom$L\ Ulhm{caoz—( \ocvluzc{s af Zmo Pmeha( Zlucl \ocúo L|uaplm(O|delu :>( 50==( p/ =7/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scramble-for-europe 3/16
:
Mjjaukcog {a Rnlog Ecbcmo( {nl co|lo{cmh Jncolzl {ncoilu
wna jacolk {nl pnumzl ‘plmjlf|h uczl—( L|uapl mok Jncom–z
co{luhajicog ollkz ja|hk julm{l {nl pazzcechc{s fau m olw
ulhm{caozncp {nm{ wa|hk elolfc{ ea{n zcklz/ ‘L|uapl–z
{ap pucauc{s cz oaw {nl ldphasdlo{ czz|l( mok c{ ollkz
covlz{dlo{(— nl zmsz/ ‘E|{ L|uapl cz z{chh co {nl hlmk fau ncgn
{ljnoahagclz( wncjn julm{lz appau{|oc{clz fau jaaplum{cao
wc{n Jncom/—< Wnchl vczc{cog Fumojl co Fleu|mus 50=0(
Faulcgo Dcocz{lu Smog Bcljnc a|{hcolk {nm{ {ncz olw ljaoadcj
co{luklploklojl m{ hmz{ gmvl m z{um{lgcj jao{lo{ {a {nl L\$Jncom ulhm{caozncp/ Vclwlk m{ {ncz haf{s hlvlh( {nlul cz cokllk
m ncz{aucjmh appau{|oc{s {a julm{l m olw klmh el{wllo Jncom
mok L|uapl emzlk ao d|{|mh co{lulz{/ E|{ co auklu {a {mil
mkvmo{mgl af c{( L|uapl wchh ollk {a znaw gulm{lu |oc{s af
p|upazl co c{z mppuamjn {a Jncom/
[nlul wlul zcgoz {nm{ c{ wmz elgcoocog {a ka za/ Mf{lu kljmklz
af z{lmkchs kcdcoczncog ul{|uoz fau L|uapl–z logmgldlo{ mok
mck kcphadmjs( L|uapl–z ils dldelu z{m{lz mok d|jn af {nl
L|uaplmo Jaddczzcao nmk elg|o {a zwc{jn {a mo co{lulz{$
emzlk mppuamjn emzlk ao uljcpuajc{s mok {umkl$affz wc{n
Jncom/ [ncz covahvlk mo lok {a aol$zcklk logmgldlo{ mok
jaojlzzcaoz {a m z|ppazlkhs wlmilu Jncolzl ljaoads( mok
m wchh {a emhmojl Jncolzl mjjlzz {a L|uapl wc{n L|uaplmo
mjjlzz {a Jncom–z d|jn daul jhazlk ljaoads/ Fau l~mdphl(
L|uaplmo Ja|ojch Pulzcklo{ Nludmo Vmo Uadp|s mok
[umkl Jaddczzcaolu Imulh kl G|jn{ p|ehcjhs z|ppau{lk
uljcpuajc{s mok Co{luomh Dmuil{ Jaddczzcaolu Dcjnlh
Emuoclu mok Cok|z{us Jaddczzcaolu Mo{aoca [mbmoc zcgolk m
jaddao hl{{lu ao ulg|hm{cog covlz{dlo{ fuad Jncom/6 M{ {wa
dll{cogz af {nl L|uaplmo Ja|ojch co {nl zljaok nmhf af 50=0(
L|uaplmo hlmkluz avlujmdl co{luomh kcvczcaoz( m{ hlmz{ ao
pmplu( mua|ok gavluomojl mok n|dmo ucgn{z czz|lz( mhlu{lk
Jncom {a L|uapl–z jaojluoz mea|{ puahcflum{cao mok p|znlk
fau el{{lu mjjlzz {a Jncom–z kadlz{cj ljaoads mz m {umkl$aff
fau Dmuil{ Ljaoads Z{m{|z ‚ Jncom–z dmco mzpcum{cao/
Nawlvlu( {ncz mglokm cz oaw elcog {nulm{lolk es olw ulmhc{clz
mok pucauc{clz mz dldelu z{m{lz mgaoczl avlu m|z{luc{s mok
{nl ollk fau zahckmuc{s wc{n {nl daz{ cokle{lk dldeluz af {nl
l|uaraol/ Co pmu{cj|hmu( Jncom cz eljadcog daul pulzlo{ co{null wmsz2 es p|ujnmzcog .mok julm{cog {nl mpplmumojl {nm{
c{ cz p|ujnmzcog# L|uaplmo gavluodlo{ eaokz9 es kculj{hs
covlz{cog co jadpmoclz( pmu{cj|hmuhs co L|uapl–z plucpnlus9
mok es pmu{cjcpm{cog co L|uaplmo p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/
Jncom–z eaok kcphadmjs
Zcojl hmz{ z|ddlu( Jncom–z p|ujnmzl af za|{nluo L\ dldelu
z{m{lz– p|ehcj kle{ ‚ au um{nlu {nl puazplj{ af c{ ‚ nmz gumeelk
nlmkhcolz/ Co B|ol 50=0( Jncom ea|gn{ Gulli eaokz mz m }|ck
pua }|a fau m :<$slmu hlmzl ao Pcuml|z nmuea|u mok m klmh {aomojl {nl p|ujnmzl af Jncolzl zncpz/7 Co B|hs 50=0( Jncom
mooa|ojlk {nm{ c{ wa|hk e|s aol echhcao l|uaz af Zpmoczn
eaokz/> [nl olwz {|uolk mua|ok dmuil{ jaoklojl co Zpmco(
mok {nl eaok czz|l wmz lvlo{|mhhs avluz|ezjucelk ‚ lvlo
{na|gn c{ cz {na|gn{ {nm{ Jncom lvlo{|mhhs ea|gn{ aohs ₨;00
dchhcao/ Jncom mhza dmkl puadczlz {a Pau{|gmh mok Culhmok(
{na|gn wc{na|{ ulflulojl {a {nl {cdcog au mda|o{z( mok
mgmco {a Zpmco co Bmo|mus 50==/ K|ucog Puldclu Wlo–z vczc{
{a Gludmos( \I mok N|ogmus co B|ol( Jncom mgmco zlo{ {nl
dlzzmgl {nm{ m L|uaplmo uljavlus wmz ‘vc{mhhs cdpau{mo{—
fau Jncom/3 Wlo zmck Jncom wa|hk e|s ‘m jlu{mco mda|o{— af
N|ogmucmo gavluodlo{ eaokz/ =0
Wl jmooa{ el jlu{mco mea|{ {nl f|hh l~{lo{ af Jncolzl eaok
p|ujnmzlz/ Mh{na|gn Jncom p|ehcznlz c{z {a{mh j|uulojs
ulzluvlz( {nl jadpazc{cao af {nlzl ulzluvlz es ja|o{us cz m
z{m{l zljul{/ Co fmj{( Jncom–z awo mjmkldcjz mok z{m{l$u|o
< Rnlog Ecbcmo( ‘Olw {na|gn{z ao Jncom–z plmjlf|h uczl—( Elcbcog Ucema( =6 Dms 50==/
6 Cmo Wcznmu{ mok Bloocflu Umoico( ‘Jmhh {a covlz{cgm{l faulcgo covlz{dlo{ co L\dmuil{—( L|uaplmo Vacjl( 5; Fleu|mus 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/l|uaplmovacjl/jad!mu{cjhl!cdpau{lk!jmhh${a$covlz{cgm{l$faulcgo$covlz{dlo{$co$l|$dmuil{!70:6;/mzp~/
7 Jlo{lu fau Co{luom{caomh Fcomojl & Klvlhapdlo{( ‘Jncom Dmilz Daul Covlz{dlo{z coGulljl—( 7 Oavldelu 50=0( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!|cjcfk/ehagzpa{/jad!50=0!==!jncom$dmilz$daul$covlz{dlo{z$co$gulljl/n{dh/
> ‘Jncom e|sz +<0<d af Zpmoczn eaokz—( Jncom Kmchs( =: B|hs 50=0( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!
www/jncomkmchs/jad/jo!ecrjncom!50=0$07!=:!jao{lo{Q=0=0=7<3/n{d3 Hlcgn Pnchhcpz( ‘L\ uljavlus fuad kle{ juczcz „vc{mh– {a Jncolzl co{lulz{z—( L\ Aezluvlu(=7 B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!l|aezluvlu/jad!3!:5<0;/
=0 Rah{mo Zcdao mok Lkc{n Emhmrz( ‘Wlo Zmsz Jncom Wchh Jao{co|l {a E|s L|uaplmoGavluodlo{ Kle{( Z|ppau{ L|ua—( Ehaadelug( 56 B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!! www/ehaadelug/jad!olwz!50==$06$5<!jncom${a$e|s$n|ogmucmo$kle{$mz$wlo$l~{lokz$z|ppau{${a$l|uaplmo$fcomojlz/n{dh/
Jncolzl zaf{ pawlu mok p|ehcjkcphadmjs co L|uapl
Mhaogzckl l~pmokcog c{z ljaoadcj pulzlojl( Jncom
cz mhza cojulmzcoghs zllicog {a cofh|lojl L|uaplmo
lhc{lz/ C{ oaw nmz daul {nmo =00 z{m{l$u|o Jaof|jc|z
Coz{c{|{lz puada{cog Jncolzl j|h{|ul mjuazz {nl
jao{colo{ ‚ co zadl jmzlz z|ezckczlk es hajmh pmu{olu
|ocvluzc{clz/ C{z mj{cvc{clz af{lo z|ppau{ Jncom–z
ljaoadcj pulzlojl co L|uapl ‚ fau l~mdphl( c{ cz
{lmjncog Jncolzl {a Fulojn wauiluz m{ {nl Jncolzl
{lhljadz jadpmos R[L co Pac{cluz/ [nl Elcbcog$emzlk
olwzpmplu Jncom Kmchs nmz hm|ojnlk m L|uaplmo
lkc{cao mok m z|pphldlo{ co {nl Co{luom{caomh
Nlumhk [uce|ol {nm{ jadlz wc{n m wmuocog {nm{
{nl olwzpmplu jmooa{ va|jn fau {nl jao{lo{/ A{nlu
wlhh$lz{mehcznlk L|uaplmo dlkcm augmoczm{caoz
z|jn mz Ul|{luz oaw ulpmjimgl jao{lo{ fuadJncolzl z{m{l$awolk euamkjmz{lu JJ[V/ Klzpc{l
c{z affcjcmh cklahags af z{m{l zavlulcgo{s( Jncom cz
mhza cojulmzcoghs zllicog {a j|h{cvm{l L|uaplmo
pahc{cjcmoz ‚ fau l~mdphl( m olwhs lz{mehcznlk fau|d
eucogz pmuhcmdlo{mucmoz fuad mjuazz L|uapl {a
Elcbcog/ M{ {nl zmdl {cdl( Jncom zlliz {a hcdc{ {nl
cofh|lojl af Wlz{luo j|h{|ul2 kculj{ jao{mj{ wc{n
Jncolzl jcvch zajcl{s cz zlvlulhs j|u{mchlk( Wlz{luo
olwz za|ujlz mok wle zc{lz mul jlozaulk mok {nl
Jncolzl gavluodlo{ ulhlmzlz aohs 50 faulcgo davclz
m slmu/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
;
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
olwzpmpluz jc{l {nl faulcgo pulzz wnlo {nls puavckl g|ulz
fau eaok p|ujnmzlz/== L|uapl( fau c{z pmu{( p|ehcznlz oa
mggulgm{l au jaaukcom{lk km{m ao faulcgo p|ujnmzluz af p|ehcj
kle{ co {nl 57 ja|o{uclz/ Vlus flw dldelu z{m{lz ulvlmh mos
af {ncz cofaudm{cao/ [ncz ka|ehl apmjc{s dlmoz {nm{ g|ulz
fau Jncom–z nahkcogz co l|uaz mul oa daul {nmo g|lzzlz/ E|{
co wnm{ mda|o{z {a m omojcmh gmdl af ehcok pailu( c{ cz co
{nl co{lulz{ af gavluodlo{z wc{n pulzzcog p|ehcj ulomojcog
ollkz {a cdphs {nm{ ‘{nl Jncolzl mul jadcog— co auklu {a znaul
|p {nlcu julkc{wau{ncolzz/ Fau l~mdphl( N|ogmucmo Pucdl
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dlkc|d${lud omojcog—/=5 Jaovluzlhs( c{ cz |zlf|h fau Jncom–z
p|ehcj kcphadmjs {a z|gglz{ c{ cz m pa{lo{cmh elolfmj{au/
Nawlvlu( c{ oaw haaiz mz cf {nl l~{lo{ af Jncolzl p|ujnmzlz
af L|uaplmo gavluodlo{ eaokz co 50=0 nmz ello
avlulz{cdm{lk/ Co 50=0( {nl \Z [ulmz|us ‚ wncjn kalzp|ehczn l~mj{ g|ulz fau faulcgo eaok nahkcogz ‚ zlldlk
{a z|gglz{ {nm{ {nlul nmk ello m daklz{ kljhcol af Jncom–z
z{aji af \Z p|ehcj kle{( wncjn co {|uo z|gglz{lk {nm{ Jncom
wmz kcvluzcfscog mwms fuad {nl kahhmu {a {nl l|ua/ E|{ c{ oaw
zlldz mz cf {nl Jncolzl jao{co|lk {a e|s \Z [ulmz|us eaokz
e|{ kck za {nua|gn affznaul au {ncuk dmuil{z z|jn mz {nl Jc{s
af Haokao/ [nl \Z [ulmz|us nmz oaw mkb|z{lk c{z g|ulz
fau Jncolzl nahkcogz af \Z {ulmz|us eaokz {a ullj{ {ncz/
Fau l~mdphl( Jncom–z nahkcogz co {nl dao{n af B|ol 50=0
wlul ulvczlk |p es :5 plujlo{( au mua|ok +56> dchhcao( {a
+=/==5 {uchhcao/ [ncz co {|uo dlmoz {nm{ Jncolzl p|ujnmzlz af
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hawlu {nmo pulzz ulpau{z z|gglz{lk/ Aol L|uaplmo Jlo{umh
Emoi .LJE# afjcmh oaw lz{cdm{lz {nm{ hlokcog {a juczcz$nc{
za|{nluo L|uaplmo ja|o{uclz wmz co {nl auklu af =< {a ₨50
echhcao ‚ ‘plmo|{z—/=: [a p|{ {ncz g|ul co jao{l~{( Jncom hlo{
+3 echhcao {a KU Jaoga co 500> co l~jnmogl fau mjjlzz {a
japplu mok jaemh{ dcolz/
Wnm{lvlu {nl l~mj{ mda|o{ af c{z p|ujnmzlz af L|uaplmo
gavluodlo{ eaokz( Jncom nmz |oka|e{lkhs nmk mo
l~{umaukcomus u|o fau c{z daols co {ludz af dlkcm m{{lo{cao
mok p|ehcj kcphadmjs/ C{z awo apmjc{s mok |zl af {ncuk$pmu{s
co{ludlkcmuclz ao {nl omojcmh dmuil{z cz jadpa|oklk es
L|uapl–z awo colp{olzz m{ mjja|o{cog fau faulcgo p|ujnmzlzaf L|uaplmo p|ehcj kle{/ [ncz cz conlulo{ {a {nl hcdc{m{caoz af
daol{mus |ocao2 dldelu z{m{lz nahk {nlcu awo km{m ao kle{
p|ujnmzlz mok {nl LJE aohs gcvlz g|ulz fau oao$kadlz{cj
e|sluz af zavlulcgo kle{( wncjn cojh|klz co{um$L|uaplmo
p|ujnmzlz/ Co znau{( L|uapl cz co mo l~{umaukcomus pazc{cao
af cgoaumojl mea|{ nahkcogz af c{z awo p|ehcj kle{/ [nlul cz
zcdphs oa wms af ioawcog wnl{nlu Jncom nahkz 5< plujlo{ af
c{z ulzluvlz co l|uaz( mz cz af{lo ulplm{lk co {nl dlkcm/
L|uapl zna|hk wlhjadl Jncom {micog m hmuglu z{mil co
L|uaplmo p|ehcj kle{( mz c{ nmz kaol co {nl \Z/ [nl puaehld
cz {nm{ L|uapl nmz oa ulmh wms af vlucfscog wnl{nlu z|jn m
hmugl$zjmhl Jncolzl kcvluzcfcjm{cao {a {nl l|ua cz mj{|mhhs
{micog phmjl/ Mhh c{ jmo ka cz mzz|dl {nm{( cf Jncom z|kklohs
e|sz d|jn hlzz \Z kle{ {nmo c{z uczl co ulzluvlz wa|hk jmhh fau(
c{ d|z{ el e|scog co{a L|uaplmo p|ehcj kle{/ =; [nl ka|ehl
apmjc{s ao eaok p|ujnmzlz julm{lz mo |onlmh{ns klploklojl
fau zadl dldelu z{m{lz ao Jncom( coz{lmk af m zc{|m{cao af
co{luklploklojl el{wllo L|uapl mz m wnahl mok Jncom/ [nl
jaozl}|lojl af oa{ nmvcog m jaddao au lvlo jaaukcom{lk
p|ehcj eauuawcog pahcjs cz {nm{ dldelu z{m{lz jadpl{l
mgmcoz{ aol moa{nlu co zlj|ucog faulcgo julkc{auz/
Jncom–z kculj{ covlz{dlo{ co L|uapl
[nl zljaok wms co wncjn Jncom cz cojulmzcoghs pulzlo{ co
L|uapl cz {nua|gn kculj{ covlz{dlo{ co jadpmoclz/ Fcvl slmuz mga( {nl ecg z{aus wmz mea|{ L|uapl–z d|h{com{caomhz
lz{mehczncog puak|j{cao emzlz co Jncom/ M{ {nm{ {cdl( Jncom–z
{a{mh kculj{ covlz{dlo{ co L|uapl wmz +=/: echhcao/ Za fmu
co 50==( {nlul nmvl mhulmks ello {null mj}|czc{caoz ‚ af m
Zpmoczn ach jadpmos–z Eumrchcmo nahkcogz( m N|ogmucmo
jnldcjmh jadpmos mok m dmbau Oauwlgcmo zchcjao |oc{ ‚ {nm{
nmvl lmjn l~jllklk {nm{ mda|o{/ Z|jn klmhz z|gglz{ {nm{ {nl
Jncolzl gavluodlo{ nmz oaw gcvlo {nl gullo hcgn{ {a dmbau
{milavluz co L|uapl/ E|{ mh{na|gn c{ cz jhlmu {nm{ {nl pcj{|ul
nmz jnmoglk co {nl hmz{ vl slmuz( wl ka oa{ ioaw l~mj{hs {a
wnm{ l~{lo{( eljm|zl fa|u$f{nz af Jncom–z l~{luomh jmpc{mh
awz {mil phmjl vcm affznaul jlo{ulz z|jn mz Naog Iaog mok
{nl Jmsdmo mok Vcugco Czhmokz/ Wnlulmz z|jn jlo{ulz |zlk
{a zluvl daz{hs faulcgo udz covlz{cog co Jncom au ‘ua|ok
{ucppcog— .c/l/ Jncolzl covlz{auz |zcog m faulcgo lo{c{s co
{nlcu awo ja|o{us#( {nls mul oaw mhza elcog |zlk es Jncolzl
jadpmoclz {a e|s L|uaplmo mzzl{z/
Gullolhk puablj{z( dlugluz mok mj}|czc{caoz( mok {umkl mok
jaaplum{cao mgulldlo{z ulhscog ao Jncolzl omojcog nmvl
z|kklohs umczlk {nl avlumhh hlvlh af Jncom–z covlz{dlo{z
co L|uapl/ Fau {nl hmz{ {wa }|mu{luz mhaol .c/l/ fuad
Aj{aelu 50=0 {a Dmujn 50==#( Jncolzl fcudz mok emoiz
nmvl jaddc{{lk +6; echhcao( au daul {nmo nmhf af {nl {a{mh
covlz{dlo{ mok {umkl fmjchc{m{cao awz co L|uapl zcojl lmuhs 500>/=< Mkdc{{lkhs( {nlzl fcg|ulz cojh|kl zaf{ hamoz mok
klmhz {nm{ nmvl ello zcgolk e|{ oa{ sl{ cdphldlo{lk( mok
{nlulfaul dms el avlulz{cdm{lk/ Sl{ lvlo {nl zcrl af dlugluz
mok mj}|czc{caoz z|gglz{z {nm{( mhaog wc{n {nl \Z( L|uapl
cz z|kklohs avlu{micog Mzcm mok {nl klvlhapcog wauhk ‚ {nl
uz{ {wa {mugl{z af Jncom–z ‘gacog$a|{— z{um{lgs ‚ mz {nl {ap
klz{com{caoz fau Jncolzl covlz{dlo{/ [nlul wchh colvc{mehs el
dmos daul L|uaplmo mj}|czc{caoz mz Jncom–z avlumhh kculj{
== Zll( fau l~mdphl( Jnlo Rncdco( Kmc Ecogumo( Pmo Rnaog}c mok Kcog Jn|o( ‘Jncom–zPucauc{clz mok Z{um{lgs co Jncom$L\ Ulhm{caoz—( \ocvluzc{s af Zmo Pmeha( Zlucl \ocúoL|uaplm( O|delu :>( 50==/
=5 ‘Rah{mo Zcdao mok Lkc{n Emhmrz( ‘Wlo Zmsz Jncom Wchh Jao{co|l {a E|s L|uaplmoGavluodlo{ Kle{( Z|ppau{ L|ua—( Ehaadelug( 56 B|ol 50==/
=: Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( =6 B|ol 50==/
=; [n|z( m uljlo{ z{|ks es Z{mokmuk Jnmu{lulk Emoi paco{z {a mo |ol~phmcolk gmp af
mua|ok +=<0 echhcao( m hmugl pmu{ af wncjn ja|hk nmvl gaol co{a l|uaz/ Co pmu{cj|hmu({nl z{|ks z|gglz{z Jncom dms nmvl uljlo{hs p|ujnmzlk ₨:/3 echhcao af L|uaplmoFcomojcmh Z{mechc{s Fmjchc{s eaokz/ Zll Hmo Znlo( Z{lpnlo Gullo mok [nadmz Jaz{lug(‘Jncom2 Hlzz Mdlucjm( daul L|uapl—( Z{mokmuk Jnmu{lulk Ghaemh Ulzlmujn( 50 B|ol50==
=< Guczaoz Plmi Jncom A|{ea|ok Covlz{dlo{ ulzlmujn ulpau{( ]|mu{luhs Flm{|ul Vah|dl3( ]=( 50==( pp/ =( 7 mok =;/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scramble-for-europe 5/16
<
covlz{dlo{ guawz fuad +:== echhcao m{ {nl lok af 50=0 {a +=
{uchhcao co 5050( mjjaukcog {a m uljlo{ puablj{cao/=6
Af{lo( Jncom covlz{z co zlj{auz co wncjn c{ cz m{ m jadpmum{cvl
kczmkvmo{mgl mok( co pmu{cj|hmu( wnlul c{ wmo{z {a eaaz{ c{z
awo {ljnoahagcjmh klvlhapdlo{ co hcol wc{n c{z ol~{ Fcvl$
Slmu Phmo/ [n|z( Jncom nmz julm{lk m ₨5/> echhcao f|ok {a nlhp
zdmhh$ mok dlkc|d$zcrlk Gludmo udz covlz{ wc{n Jncolzl
pmu{oluz ‚ wc{n U&K mok cooavm{cao l~phcjc{hs jc{lk mz {nl
ils lhldlo{z/ Co {nl m|{adaechl cok|z{us( covlz{dlo{z umogl
fuad {milavluz af eumokz z|jn mz DG mok Vahva( m z{um{lgcj
jaaplum{cao wc{n Kmcdhlu .m juawo blwlh {nm{ cz oa{ sl{ fau
zmhl# mok hawlu${clu puak|j{cao co E|hgmucm wnlul {nl Gulm{
Wmhh Da{au Jadpmos cz k|l {a z{mu{ puak|j{cao/ Zcdchmuhs( m
zdmhh Jncolzl jadpmos wc{n m dmuil{ vmh|l af ₨;00 dchhcao
p|{ co mo |h{cdm{lhs |oz|jjlzzf|h ₨= echhcao eck fau Kumim(
m K|{jn jadpmos nahkcog cdpau{mo{ pm{lo{z co eul$ap{cj
jmehlz/ Co a{nlu waukz( {nl em{{hl avlu mjjlzz {a {ljnoahags
mok co{lhhlj{|mh puaplu{s ucgn{z nmz oaw davlk fuad Jncom{a L|uapl/
Nawlvlu( Jncolzl covlz{dlo{ mhza zluvlz a{nlu p|upazlz mok
{milz a{nlu faudz/ Fau l~mdphl( {nl dlkclvmh jc{s af Pum{a(
olmu Fhaulojl( nmz eljadl mo affznaul puak|j{cao emzl fau
;(>00 zdmhh Jncolzl jadpmoclz wc{n mo lz{cdm{lk {|uoavlu
af ₨5 echhcao mok mo lz{cdm{lk ;0(000 Jncolzl wauiluz/ Co
Imhdmu( co Zwlklo( Jncom phmoolk {a e|chk m 70(000 z}|mul
dl{ul wnahlzmhl {umkl jlo{ul klzcgolk {a znawjmzl Jncolzl
gaakz mok zmvl wnahlzmhluz m {ucp {a Jncom/ .[nl puablj{
a|oklulk eljm|zl c{z mkvajm{l co {nl hajmh jc{s gavluodlo{
nmk mj}|culk mo ljaoadcj z{mil wc{n {nl Jncolzl pmu{olu
mok eljm|zl Jncolzl hmea|u wmz ldphaslk elhaw Zwlkczn
z{mokmukz/#=7 Co Icz{m( mhza co Zwlklo( Jncolzl {lhljadz
ud N|mwlc zl{ |p mo U&K jlo{ul ol~{ {a {nl nlmk afjl af
Lucjzzao( wncjn wmz ulk|jcog c{z awo hmea|u faujl/ N|mwlc–z
5>0 ldphasllz {nlul cojh|klk 500 faudlu Lucjzzao z{mff/ =>
Dmos af {nlzl kcvluzl vlo{|ulz mul elcog z|ppau{lk es Jncom–z
lvahvcog omojcog mudz z|jn mz {nl Jncom Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi(
wncjn wmz aucgcomhhs m pahcjs emoi klzcgolk {a mck Jncom–z
co{lucau puavcojlz/ Mf{lu eljadcog m dmbau faujl co Mfucjmo
lolugs mok cofumz{u|j{|ul klmhz( c{ cz oaw mj{cvl {nua|gna|{
L|uapl( wc{n affcjlz mok mj{cvc{clz co zlvlumh ja|o{uclz
cojh|kcog E|hgmucm( Juam{cm( Gulljl( Pahmok( Uadmocm(Zluecm mok Zhavlocm/=3 Uljlo{hs c{ omojlk {nl mj}|czc{cao af
mo C{mhcmo fmzncao ud ‚ m davl {nm{ wchh nlhp {a gcvl Jncom–z
gmudlo{ dmo|fmj{|uluz zadl d|jn$ollklk julm{cvc{s/50
Co aol z|jn jmzl( m gua|p af Jncolzl jadpmoclz mooa|ojlk
m +=0 echhcao hamo fuad {nl Jncom Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi mok {nl
Jncom Dlujnmo{ Emoi {a puak|jl zahmu$pmolh dmo|fmj{|uluz
co L|uapl/5= [nl klmh cz ldehldm{cj eljm|zl aohs uljlo{hs {nl
L\ wmz z{chh gumo{cog mck {a Jncom–z mh{luom{cvl$lolugs zlj{au(
pmu{cj|hmuhs wcok mok zahmu pawlu( co m wlhh$dlmocog eck {a
loja|umgl {nl ulk|j{cao af ldczzcaoz/
[nl jaupaum{l z{u|j{|ul af Jncolzl jadpmoclz pulzlo{z
m zpljcmh puaehld/ Co pmu{cj|hmu( z{m{l$awolk lo{lupuczlz
uljlcvl dmzzcvl z{m{l z|ezckclz mok jmo {nlulfaul jadpl{l
|ofmcuhs wc{n L|uaplmo jadpmoclz( lvlo {na|gn {nl Wauhk
[umkl Augmocrm{cao .W[A# uljlo{hs u|hlk {nm{ Jncolzl
z{m{l udz mok z{m{l omojl emoiz mul oa{ ‘p|ehcj eakclz—/55
Jncolzl emoiz nmvl uljlcvlk n|gl mok pludmolo{ ulhclf zcojl
=33>( fmu elsaok uljlo{ Mdlucjmo au L|uaplmo ldluglojs
dlmz|ulz/ Mjjaukcog {a m uljlo{ mok jao{uavluzcmh Jncolzl
z{|ks( Jncom–z z{m{l lo{lupuczlz mok nahkcogz wa|hk nmvl
dmkl hazzlz zcojl 500= cf kculj{ mok nckklo z|ezckclz.fau l~mdphl( {nl {u|l jaz{z fau hmok |zl mok {nl dmzzcvl
|oklu$pucjcog af om{|umh ulza|ujlz# wlul {milo co{a mjja|o{/5:
Mz m olw ulzpaozl( L|uapl hm|ojnlk c{z uz{ mo{c$z|ezckclz
jmzl mgmcoz{ Jncom uljlo{hs( {mugl{cog {nl Jncolzl z|ezcks
daklh kculj{hs/
[nl puaehld cz jadpa|oklk es {nl hmji af {umozpmulojs
af Jncolzl jadpmoclz covlz{cog co L|uapl/ Jncom nmz
dmco{mcolk mo apm}|l jaupaum{l z{u|j{|ul ao nadl gua|ok(
e|{ wnlo {nl jadpmoclz davl meuamk( }|lz{caoz mul mzilk/
Co pmu{cj|hmu( zadl za$jmhhlk pucvm{l jadpmoclz mul {na|gn{
{a el jao{uahhlk es {nl z{m{l/ Fau l~mdphl( N|mwlc–z z{aji cz afjcmhhs nlhk es =<0 ldphasllz e|{ Euc{czn olwzpmpluz
nmvl mhhlglk {nm{ {nlul cz m znmkaw pmu{s z{u|j{|ul cozckl
{nl jadpmos/5; ]|lz{caoz wlul mhza mzilk mea|{ wna wmz
elncok {nl omojcog fau {nl zdmhh Jncolzl jadpmos {nm{ wmz
ulmks {a eck fau Kumim( {nl K|{jn eul$ap{cjz jadpmos( m{
{wcjl c{z dmuil{ vmh|l mok 50 plujlo{ ncgnlu {nmo c{z olmulz{
L|uaplmo jadpl{c{au/
[nlzl klvlhapdlo{z nmvl zpmuilk m klem{l co L|uapl mea|{
{nl ollk fau m puajlzz fau vl{{cog faulcgo covlz{dlo{/ Co {nl \Z(
{nl Jaddc{{ll ao Faulcgo Covlz{dlo{z co {nl \oc{lk Z{m{lz
.JFC\Z#( mo co{lu$mglojs eaks( vl{z faulcgo covlz{dlo{/ Mz co
{nl jmzl af p|ehcj kle{ p|ujnmzlz( L|uapl nmz olc{nlu km{m oauulg|hm{caoz/ Co pucojcphl( {nl Hczeao [ulm{s nmz gcvlo {nl L\
jadpl{lojl co {nl covlz{dlo{ lhk/ Co ulmhc{s( nawlvlu( aohs
zlvlo dldelu z{m{lz nmvl mos avlumhh hlgczhm{cao jaojluocog
faulcgo covlz{dlo{/ [n|z( N|mwlc( wncjn nmz mhhlglk hcoiz {a
{nl Plaphl–z Hcelum{cao Muds mok cz pulvlo{lk fuad mj}|cucog
=6 Kmoclh N/ Uazlo mok [ncha Nmoldmoo( ‘Mo Mdlucjmo Aplo Kaau12 Dm~cdcrcog {nlElolfc{z af Jncolzl Faulcgo Kculj{ Covlz{dlo{—( Mzcm Zajcl{s( Dms 50==( mvmchmehl m{n{{p2!!mzcmzajcl{s/aug!pahcjs!jlo{lu$|z$jncom$ulhm{caoz!mdlucjmo$aplo$kaau/
=7 Cooa$Zjmokcomvcm( ‘Z|uvls af Jncolzl covlz{dlo{ fhawz {a {nl Emh{cj ulgcao—( 53Aj{aelu 5003( pp/ 5:$5;( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/wcicvczcao/fc!emzmmu!p|e!|phamkz!Puablj{!Pkf!Covlz{dlo{Fhawz5/pkf/
=> Ceck( pp/ 5<$56/=3 M|{nauz– co{luvclw wc{n Jncom Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi ulpulzlo{m{cvl( Dms 50==/ Fau klmhz
mok olga{cm{caoz( zll mhza E|hgmucmo Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi–z wlezc{l( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!! eeu/oc{eg/jad!lo!co{luom{caomh$pmu{oluz/n{dh9 ‘Jncom Covlz{dlo{ Emoi co{lulz{lk
co covlz{cog co Uadmocm—( Mglupulz( =: Bmo|mus 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/kacoge|zcolzz/ua!lo!e|zcolzz$olwz!50<5=!jncom$klvlhapdlo{$emoi$co{lulz{lk$co$covlz{cog$co$uadmocm9 mok Bmkl Og( ‘Jncom Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi zl{z zmch fau Gulljl—( MHE Hlgmh Olwz( 5= Zlp{ldelu 5003( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!mzcm/hlgmhe|zcolzzaohcol/jad!zc{l$zlmujn!jncom$klvlhapdlo{$emoi$zl{z$zmch$fau$gulljl!:7=30/
50 Rnmog S|rnl( ‘Dmokmuco Jmpc{mh [lmdz \p Wc{n Dcuaghca—( Jmc~co Aohcol( 6 B|hs 50=0( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!loghczn/jmcog/jad!50==$06$07!=0056637</n{dh/
5= ‘J[KJ {a L~pmok mok Covlz{ co L|uapl $ PV Covlz{dlo{ Jaozau{c|d ZllizPmu{oluzncp wc{n L|uaplmo Zahmu Pmui Klvlhapluz—( Jncom [ljnoahags Klvlhapdlo{Gua|p Jaupaum{cao pulzz ulhlmzl( =: B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/jncomj{kj/jad!{ldphl{!loQolwz/mzp1ck4>37/
55 Wauhk [umkl Augmocrm{cao( kczp|{l zl{{hldlo{ KZ:732 \oc{lk Z{m{lz ‚ Klfcoc{cvl Mo{c$K|dpcog mok Ja|o{luvmchcog K|{clz ao Jlu{mco Puak|j{z fuad Jncom( 5< Dmujn
50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/w{a/aug!loghczn!{um{apQl!kczp|Ql!jmzlzQl!kz:73Ql/n{d/5: \ocu|hl Coz{c{|{l( ‘G|asa| }csl kl ~cogrnc( ecma~cmo s| gmcgl .[nl om{|ul(
plufaudmojl mok ulfaud af {nl z{m{l lo{lupuczlz#—( ; Mpuch 50==( pp/ 5 mok 6/5; [cd Wm{icoz( ‘[nlul–z oa Jncolzl „znmkaw pmu{s z{u|j{|ul– cozckl a|u
jadpmos—( G|mukcmo( 57 Dms 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/g|mukcmo/ja/|i!jaddlo{czfull!50==!dms!57!coklploklo{$jncolzl$puafc{$emzlk$jadpmos/
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
6
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
{lhljadz ol{wauiz co {nl \Z( nmz jaozcklumehl hllwms co
daz{ L|uaplmo ja|o{uclz/ C{ {uclk {a kaom{l m daechl pnaol
ol{waui fau {nl Haokao \oklugua|ok mnlmk af {nl 50=5
Ahsdpcjz ‚ m puablj{ omhhs memokaolk es c{z Euc{czn pmu{oluz
eljm|zl af m ‘hmji af {cdl—/ Co C{mhs( c{ cz e|chkcog m om{caowckl
ol{waui wc{n [lhljad C{mhcm/
[nl puaehld pulzlo{lk es Jncolzl kculj{ covlz{dlo{ co
L|uapl eljadlz lvlo jhlmulu wnlo aol jaozckluz L|uapl–z
hcdc{lk mjjlzz {a zcdchmu appau{|oc{clz co Jncom/ Jncom–z
jmpc{mh dmuil{ uldmcoz hmuglhs jhazlk co zlj{auz {nm{ {nl
gavluodlo{ klldz cdpau{mo{ fau c{z ljaoadcj klvlhapdlo{
z{um{lgs2 {ncz l~jh|zcao af ‘z{um{lgcj zlj{auz— cz pludczzcehl
|oklu {nl {ludz af Jncom–z W[A mjjlzzcao co 500= ‚ wnlo
Jncom–z ghaemh l~pau{z wlul aohs aol$zc~{n af {nlcu 50=0
hlvlh/ Co dmos zlj{auz( umogcog fuad mcu {umozpau{ {a emoiz
mok mh{luom{cvl lolugs( faulcgo z{milz mul hcdc{lk {a 50
plujlo{ af jmpc{mh/ [nl emuucluz {a faulcgo jmpc{mh nmvl co fmj{
cojulmzlk wc{n {nl pmzzcog af hlgczhm{cao fmva|ucog ‘kadlz{cjcooavm{cao—/ L|uaplmoz mok Mdlucjmoz nmvl z|jjllklk co
gl{{cog afjcmh z{m{ldlo{z fuad {nl Jncolzl gavluodlo{ {a
ulfumco fuad l~{lokcog {ncz pahcjs e|{( mjjaukcog {a dmos
aezluvluz( {ncz nmz dmkl hc{{hl kcfflulojl ao {nl gua|ok/ Co
m o|{znlhh( {ncz dlmoz {nm{ Jncom–z Gllhs jmo e|s Zwlklo–z
Vahva e|{ Jncolzl ulg|hm{caoz jmo ehaji {nl ulvluzl/
L|uapl–z aplo dmuil{ faup|ehcj puaj|uldlo{
[nl {ncuk wms co wncjn Jncom cz eljadcog pulzlo{ cz L|uaplcz {nua|gn L|uapl–z aplo dmuil{ fau p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/
Zp|uulk ao es Jncom–z ‘gacog$a|{— z{um{lgs( c{z jadpmoclz nmvl
co {nl hmz{ kljmkl ello z|jjlzzf|hhs e|chkcog cofumz{u|j{|ul
mua|ok {nl wauhk ‚ lvlus{ncog fuad umchwmsz co Zm|kc Mumecm
{a pau{z co Mfucjm/ Oaw( nawlvlu( {nls mul {micog ao L|uapl/
[nl faj|z cz jmzn$z{umpplk ja|o{uclz co L|uapl–z plucpnlus
wnlul {nlul cz m ollk {a |pgumkl uamkz( umchuamkz mok p|ehcj
e|chkcogz/ E|{ {nl zmdl {ncog ja|hk lmzchs el zaao nmpplocog
co L|uapl–z jaul/ Mf{lu mhh( m Jncolzl jadpmos cz mhza e|chkcog
Zmo Fumojczja–z olw Ems Euckgl co Znmognmc/
M{ m {cdl af m|z{luc{s( L|uaplmo z{m{lz mul |okluz{mokmehs
m{{umj{lk es {nl zmdl ljaoadclz af zjmhl wncjn nmvl dmklJncolzl jaoz|dlu gaakz jnlmp/ [mhiz wc{n L|uaplmo
kcphadm{z ulvlmh {nm{ Jncom–z ncgn$hlvlh {umkl klhlgm{caoz mul
mzicog fau znappcog hcz{z af cofumz{u|j{|ul puablj{z ao wncjn
{nlcu jadpmoclz jmo eck/ Mo Lmz{luo L|uaplmo ja|o{us cz
mj{cvlhs zllicog Jncolzl eckz {a e|chk wm{lu$p|ucfcjm{cao
phmo{z {a jadphs wc{n L|uaplmo ulg|hm{caoz ao wm{lu/ Zluecm
mj}|culk m euckgl avlu {nl Kmo|el wc{n omojcog fuad {nl
Jncom Klvlhapdlo{ Emoi/ [nm{ pmu{cj|hmu klmh nmk m {cdlhs
jacojcklojl wc{n {nl p|zn es Jncom fau ldp{s jnmcuz m{ {nl
|ouljagoczlk Jncolzl Oaelh Pucrl wcoolu Hc| ̂ cmaea–z mwmuk
jluldaos co Azha/ Zluecm coc{cmhhs cojhcolk {a ga wc{n Elcbcog–z
kldmok e|{ co {nl lok ‚ mok mf{lu L\ pulzz|ul ‚ fahhawlk c{zL|uaplmo vajm{cao mok znawlk |p co Azha/
Moa{nlu co{lulz{cog l~mdphl cz {nl Pahczn gavluodlo{–z
jao{umj{ wc{n m Jncolzl z{m{l$awolk lo{lupuczl {a e|chk {nl M5
ncgnwms el{wllo Wmuzmw mok Hakr wc{n L|uaplmo f|okcog/
Mf{lu zcgocog {nl jao{umj{( JAVLJ( wnazl eck jmdl co m{
hlzz {nmo <0 plujlo{ af {nl 5/> echhcao rha{sz .+= echhcao# {nm{
{nl gavluodlo{ nmk e|kgl{lk( puajllklk {a eucog Jncolzl
wauiluz co{a m ja|o{us {nm{ l~pau{z c{z awo hmea|u faujl {a
Wlz{luo L|uapl/ JAVLJ p|hhlk a|{ af {nl jao{umj{ co B|ol
50==( hlmvcog m nmhf$ocznlk ncgnwms {nm{ cz oaw hlzz hcilhs {a
el jadphl{lk co {cdl fau {nl L|uaplmo Faa{emhh Jnmdpcaozncp
co 50=5( mz aucgcomhhs naplk/ [nl afjcmh ulmzao wmz {nm{ pucjlz
af jaoz{u|j{cao dm{lucmhz nmk gaol |p9 {nl |oafjcmh ulmzao
wmz L|uaplmo hlgczhm{cao ao m umogl af czz|lz fuad hmea|u {a
cddcgum{cao z{mokmukz/
Mh{na|gn c{ |h{cdm{lhs flhh {nua|gn( {nl Pahczn ncgnwms klmh
cz mo chh|z{um{cao af wnm{ {nl f|{|ul dms haai hcil2 Jncolzl
jadpmoclz afflucog haw pucjlz ‚ emzlk ao {nl |zl af Jncolzl
ldphasllz wauicog elhaw L|uaplmo hmea|u mok lovcuaodlo{mhz{mokmukz ‚ mok m{{umj{cvl {ludz {nm{ wa|hk el |om{{mcomehl es
L|uaplmo jadpmoclz wc{n hajmh wmgl mok omojcmh jaokc{caoz/
Co auklu {a mvack m{{umj{cog m{{lo{cao( Jncolzl jadpmoclz
af{lo {us {a dmil eckz {nua|gn hajmh jadpmoclz( mz cz {nl jmzl
co E|hgmucm/ ‘Wnlo {nlul cz L\ f|okcog( {nl Jncolzl mul vlus
co{lulz{lk( e|{ {nls kao–{ wmo{ {a el m{ {nl fuao{hcol—( zmsz m
L|uaplmo afjcmh/5< ‘[nm{ cz pmu{ af a|u pucjl(— zmsz m Jncolzl
afjcmh co ulzpaozl/ ‘Wl jmo ka m puablj{ co aol slmu ao a|u
{ludz/ A{nluwczl( c{ {milz {nl hajmhz =0 slmuz/—56
Dlmownchl( mz wc{n kculj{ covlz{dlo{( L|uaplmo jadpmoclz
mul l~jh|klk fuad {nl l}|cvmhlo{ dmuil{ co Jncom ‚ wncjn cz{nl zcrl af {nl wnahl ljaoads af Za|{n Iaulm( c{zlhf m G$50
ja|o{us/57 Co m uljlo{ ulpau{ ao p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{( {nl L\–z
Jnmdelu af Jaddlujl co Jncom klzjucelk co pmcof|h kl{mch
{nl {wcz{lk hagcj wc{n wncjn {nl Jncolzl z{m{l ulblj{z eckz fuad
faulcgo ja|o{uclz lvlo wnlo c{ mhhawz {nld {a mpphs/ L|uaplmo
jadpmoclz nmvl m hlmk co dmos zlj{auz fuad |uemoczm{cao mok
p|ehcj {umozpau{ {a mh{luom{cvl lolugs mok {nl dmomgldlo{ af
zajcmh zsz{ldz/ Jadecocog m ‘nmuk— {ljnoahagcjmh lkgl wc{n
‘zaf{— dmomgldlo{ mok puablj{ co{lgum{cao zichhz( {nls mul
|oc}|lhs z|c{lk {a {nl ollkz af {adauuaw–z Jncom/ Nawlvlu(
{nls umulhs wco jao{umj{z eljm|zl Jncom nmz oa{ sl{ bacolk
{nl W[A–z Mgulldlo{ ao Glolumh Puaj|uldlo{ .GPM#( wncjn
ulg|hm{lz p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/ Jncom–z hmz{ afflu( co 50=0( aohs cojh|klk aol${lo{n af c{z ulmh p|ehcj$puaj|uldlo{ dmuil{(
zcojl c{ kcko–{ cojh|kl {nl p|ujnmzlz mok cofumz{u|j{|ul
covlz{dlo{ es z{m{l$awolk jadpmoclz mok hajmh lo{c{clz/ [ncz
dlmoz( mz aol L|uaplmo {umkl afjcmh co Elcbcog p|{ c{( {nm{
‘c{ cojh|klz plojchz mok u|hluz— .mok jmuz( wncjn L|uaplmo
m|{admiluz mul nmpps {a puavckl# e|{ oa{ d|jn lhzl/ Eckkcog
fau vcu{|mhhs mhh af Jncom–z co{luom{caomhhs ioawo dlgm$puablj{z
z|jn mz {nl [null Gauglz Kmd( Ahsdpcj z{mkc|dz mok e|hhl{
{umcoz cz mkdcocz{lulk coz{lmk es {nl Om{caomh Klvlhapdlo{
mok Ulzlmujn Jaddczzcao .OKUJ#/
5< Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Dmujn 50==/56 Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Dms 50==/57 L|uaplmo Jnmdelu af Jaddlujl( ‘P|ehcj Puaj|uldlo{ co Jncom2 L|uaplmo E|zcolzz
L~pluclojlz Jadpl{cog fau P|ehcj Jao{umj{z co Jncom—( Mpuch 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!! www/l|uaplmojnmdelu/jad/jo!cdmglz!kaj|dlo{z!dmuil{cogQklpmu{dlo{!elcbcog!p|ehcjm{caoz!50==!PP,50Z{|ks,50LO,50FcomhQ0;5=/pkf/
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7
P|ehcj puaj|uldlo{ cz m {lz{ jmzl fau L|uapl–z z{um{lgs af
uljcpuajmh logmgldlo{/ [nl L\ cz j|uulo{hs pulpmucog {a
hm|ojn m olw hlgmh coz{u|dlo{ ao eckkcog fau L|uaplmo
p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/ [nlul cz z{chh jaozcklumehl klem{l mz {a
wnl{nlu {ncz zna|hk el m dmokm{aus ulg|hm{cao {nm{ wa|hk el
lofaujlk es {nl L|uaplmo Jaddczzcao au dlulhs g|cklhcolz
{nm{ wa|hk el cdphldlo{lk mok z|pluvczlk es dldelu
z{m{lz/ C{ cz mhza oa{ jhlmu wnl{nlu {nl ulg|hm{cao wa|hk dmil
c{ pazzcehl {a j|{ aff jadpmoclz fuad ja|o{uclz wnazl awo
dmuil{z uldmco jhazlk/ [nl coz{u|dlo{ wa|hk oa{ el hcdc{lk
{a Jncom mok ja|hk mhza mpphs {a a{nlu pmu{oluz z|jn mz {nl
\Z( wncjn nmz m E|s Mdlucjmo Mj{( mok Bmpmo( wncjn mhza
dmilz hcfl nmuk fau faulcgo eckkluz/
Jncom nmz oa{lk {nlzl u|dehcogz co L|uapl/ Co fmj{( {nl
OKUJ( wncjn u|oz {nl phmoolk kadlz{cj zlj{au mok |z|mhhs
kalz oa{ z{ums fuad Jncom( wmz jaojluolk loa|gn {a zlok
afjcmhz {a Eu|zzlhz {a covlz{cgm{l naw fmu L|uapl ja|hk el
{micog {ncz/ E|{( |o{ch oaw( Jncom nmz znawo flw zcgoz {nm{ c{cz pulpmulk {a jnmogl c{z pahcjs/ Fau l~mdphl( {wa z|jjlzzcvl
kumwo$a|{ ua|okz af olga{cm{caoz ao {nl {ludz af m GPM nmvl
oa{ puak|jlk ulz|h{z/ Co mos jmzl( p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{ cz mo
cklmh phmsgua|ok fau aef|zjm{cao( f|rrs u|hlz mok emuucluz {a
{umkl/ M zaao {a el p|ehcznlk z{|ks emzlk ao m zmdphl af ==5
ja|o{uclz znawz {nm{ ‘co{luom{caomh puaj|uldlo{ mgulldlo{z
nmvl oa lfflj{ ao gavluodlo{z– p|ujnmzcog elnmvca|u2
Zcgom{auclz mul oa daul cojhcolk {nmo oao$zcgom{auclz {a
zplok p|ehcj f|okz ao cdpau{z/—5> Aohs vlus {cgn{ uljcpuajmh
pulflulo{cmh mgulldlo{z mok m glo|col jaddc{dlo{ {a
d|{|mh aploolzz jmo loz|ul cdphldlo{m{cao/
L|uapl–z olw fm|h{ hcolz
Jncom–z guawcog pulzlojl co L|uapl cz {umozfaudcog {nl
om{|ul af {nl L|uaplmo klem{l mea|{ Jncom/ Co 5003( LJFU–z
Pawlu M|kc{ af L\$Jncom Ulhm{caoz ulvlmhlk fa|u kcz{coj{
L|uaplmo gua|pz af ja|o{uclz co {nlcu m{{c{|klz {awmukz
Jncom .zll Fcg|ul =#/53 M{ {nm{ {cdl( {nl L|uaplmo klem{l wmz
pahmuczlk es {nl czz|lz af mo{c$k|dpcog mok Jncom–z kldmok
fau Dmuil{ Ljaoads Z{m{|z/ Nawlvlu( {nl cojulmzcog
klploklojl af {nl plucpnlus ao Jncom cz jnmogcog {ncz
{spahags mok c{z ulflulojl paco{z2
‥ {nl ‘L|uaplmo fahhawluz— ‚ wncjn pulvca|zhs pmck hc{{hl
m{{lo{cao {a Jncom ‚ mul oaw ao {nl vlugl af l~{coj{cao/
Gaol cz {nl {cdl wnlo L|uaplmo pahcjs {awmukz Jncom wmz
dmkl es m nmokf|h af ils dldelu z{m{lz wnchl a{nluz wlul
nmpps {a fahhaw {nlcu hlmk/ Jncom cz oaw pmu{ af vcu{|mhhs
lvlus ja|o{us–z jmhj|hm{caoz co {uscog {a avlujadl {nl
ljaoadcj juczcz/
‥ {nl ‘mjjaddakm{cog dlujmo{chcz{z— ‚ wncjn wlul pahc{cjmhhs
oao$jaofuao{m{caomh e|{ nmk pua{lj{caocz{ coz{coj{z ‚
mul cojulmzcoghs klzplum{l fau Jncolzl covlz{dlo{/ Fau
za|{nluo L|uaplmo ja|o{uclz z|jn mz Gulljl( C{mhs( Zpmco
mok Pau{|gmh( wncjn wlul m{ {nl faulfuao{ af L|uapl–z
{l~{chl kczp|{lz wc{n Jncom( {nl ollk fau jmzn oaw {milz
puljlklojl avlu {nlcu jaojluo fau {nlcu hmea|u$co{lozcvl
cok|z{uclz .fau l~mdphl( ldehldm{cj mo{c$k|dpcog
dlmz|ulz ao znal cdpau{z fuad Jncom l~pculk co Dmujn
50== wc{na|{ m wncdplu fuad {nl Dlkc{luumolmo ucd#/
Dlmownchl( Jlo{umh mok Lmz{luo L|uaplmo dldelu z{m{lz
z|jn mz E|hgmucm mok N|ogmus( wncjn wlul mhulmks vscog
fau Jncolzl covlz{dlo{( mul oaw zllcog L|uaplmo awz af
covlz{dlo{ kuscog |p mok mul {n|z cojulmzcoghs klploklo{
ao Jncom/
‥ {nl ‘cklahagcjmh full {umkluz— z|jn mz Klodmui( {nl
Ol{nluhmokz( Zwlklo mok {nl \oc{lk Icogkad ‚ wncjn
wlul co{lulz{lk co appau{|oc{clz ao {nl Jncolzl dmuil{ fau{nlcu ncgn${ljn mok zluvcjl udz ‚ nmvl ello fu|z{um{lk es
{nl jao{co|lk ulz{ucj{caoz {a mjjlzz {a Jncom–z dmuil{/ [nls
mul mwmul {nm{ m z{uaog emugmcocog pazc{cao cz ollklk {a
aplo Jncom–z dmuil{ mok {a p|zn fau daul l}|mh u|hlz wc{n
{nl wauhk–z fmz{lz{ guawcog ljaoads/ Sl{ {nls {aa ollk
e|zcolzz klmhz co {nl znau{ {lud mok mul {nlulfaul |oklu
pulzz|ul {a klhlgm{l {a {nl L\ {nl kcfj|h{ {mzi af jhmcdcog
uljcpuajmh mjjlzz wnchl zllicog jao{umj{z fau {nldzlhvlz/
‥ {nl ‘mzzlu{cvl cok|z{ucmhcz{z— ‚ wna z{aak |p {a Jncom ao
ea{n ljaoadcj mok pahc{cjmh czz|lz ‚ nmvl zphc{/ Gludmos ‚
L|uapl–z l~pau{$kucvlo Dckkhl Ulp|ehcj( wncjn nmz
elol{lk gulm{hs fuad kldmok fuad Jncom fau c{z l~pau{z co
uljlo{ slmuz ‚ cojulmzcoghs zllz Jncolzl jadpmoclz davcog
|p {nl vmh|l jnmco mok jadpl{cog wc{n c{z awo l~pau{luz
ea{n co Jncom mok lhzlwnlul mua|ok {nl wauhk/ Dlmownchl(
{nl Jrljn Ulp|ehcj mok Pahmok nmvl eljadl hlzz mzzlu{cvl
ao ljaoadcj czz|lz co auklu {a m{{umj{ Jncolzl covlz{dlo{/
Mz m ulz|h{ af {nlzl zncf{z( olw fm|h{ hcolz nmvl ldluglk wc{nco
L|uapl/ Co pmu{cj|hmu( L|uapl cz cojulmzcoghs kcvcklk co{a
‘fu|z{um{lk dmuil{$aploluz— mok ‘jmzn$z{umpplk klmh$zlliluz—
.zll Fcg|ul 5#/ Klzpc{l guawcog fu|z{um{caoz( {nl faudlu
‘cklahagcjmh full {umkluz— z{chh appazl davlz {a ulz{ucj{ Jncom–z
awo mjjlzz {a {nl L|uaplmo dmuil{ ‚ ea{n ao pucojcphl mok eljm|zl {nls elhclvl c{ cz |h{cdm{lhs co {nlcu awo co{lulz{z/
Nawlvlu( {nls cojulmzcoghs zll {nl vmh|l af |zcog {nl {nulm{
af z|jn dlmz|ulz mok af wmsz af lofaujcog full {umkl mz
m olga{cm{cog {aah wc{n Jncom/ Dlmownchl( klzpc{l Gludmos–z
zmhlzdmo coz{coj{z ‚ fau l~mdphl( aol {ap$hlvlh affcjcmh
co Eluhco nmz klzjucelk ncz uahl mz ‘mdemzzmkau fau Kmcdhlu—
‚ c{ cz cojulmzcoghs mug|cog fau uljcpuajc{s( pmu{cj|hmuhs ao
p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/ Fau l~mdphl( Ljaoadcjz Dcocz{lu
Pnchcpp Uözhlu zmck co B|ol {nm{ ‘full dmuil{z jmooa{ el
m aol$wms z{ull{—/:0
5> Z{lpnmocl B/ Ucjimuk mok Kmoclh S/ Iaoa( ‘Pahcjs [umozpmulojs mok Jadphcmojl
wc{n Co{luom{caomh Mgulldlo{z—( Wauicog pmplu( Bmo|mus 50=0( mvmchmehl m{n{{p2!!=;7/=;5/=30/5;6!baadhm!plca!fchlz50==!pmpluz!Iaoa(,50Ucjimuk,50=;/0=/50==/pkf/ [nl m|{nauz mul gum{lf|h {a Zaa Slao Icd af {nl [umozm{hmo{cj Mjmklds fau paco{cog a|{ {ncz czz|l {a {nld/
53 Bano Fa~ mok Fumoçacz Gakldlo{( ‘M Pawlu M|kc{ af L\$Jncom Ulhm{caoz—( L|uaplmoJa|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz( Mpuch 5003( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!ljfu/l|!pmgl!$!kaj|dlo{z!MQPawluQM|kc{QafQL\QJncomQUlhm{caoz/pkf/
:0 ‘Uözhlu zcln{ Jncom mhz Jnmojl—( Faj|z Aohcol( 57 B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!! www/faj|z/kl!pahc{ci!kl|{zjnhmok!kl|{zjn$jncolzczjnl$ulgclu|ogziaoz|h{m{caolo$ualzhlu$zcln{$jncom$mhz$jnmojlQmckQ6;0;<:/n{dh/
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
>
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
Co {nm{ zlozl( ea{n {nl faudlu ‘cklahagcjmh full {umkluz— mok
Gludmos zlld {a el }|cl{hs davcog {awmukz {nl pazc{cao af
Fumojl ‚ wncjn nmz mhwmsz ello {nl hlmkcog mkvajm{l af m
z{uaog jaddao L|uaplmo emugmcocog pazc{cao wc{n Jncom co
auklu {a pua{lj{ c{z jadpmoclz .h|~|us nmokemg dmo|fmj{|uluz(
pulz{cgl wcol puak|jluz( mok mluazpmjl mok {umco jadpmoclz#fuad |ofmcu pumj{cjlz es Jncolzl jadpl{c{auz/ ‘C{–z m ulmh wmu(
wc{n ncgnhs z|ezckczlk jadpmoclz jadcog {a aplo dmuil{z
wc{n |o|z|mhhs haw pucjlz mok |okluj|{{cog {nl jadpl{c{cao(—
m Fulojn afjcmh uljlo{hs zmck/ ‘C{–z oa{ jmpc{mhczd( c{–z oa{
{umkl( c{–z pulkm{aus pahcjs/—:=
Nawlvlu( mh{na|gn Fumojl( Gludmos mok {nl \I mul davcog
jhazlu {agl{nlu mz ‘fu|z{um{lk dmuil{$aploluz—( {ncz |oc{s cz
elcog |okludcolk es {nl ‘jmzn$z{umpplk klmh$zlliluz—/ Co
pmu{cj|hmu( dldelu z{m{lz ao L|uapl–z plucpnlus {nm{ nmk
haog jaozcklulk Jncom–z dmuil{ wc{n jm|{cao mok flmulk
k|dpcog es Jncom–z haw$jaz{ puak|jluz oaw zll Jncom mz
m jadphldlo{ au lvlo mo mh{luom{cvl {a L|uaplmo au CDF
hamoz/ Zadl lvlo pulflu c{2 co {nl waukz af m ncgn$umoicog
Pau{|g|lzl afjcmh2 ‘El{{lu {nl eaokz mul ea|gn{ fmu mwms/—:5
[nlzl ja|o{uclz( wncjn olvlu nmk d|jn napl af l~pau{cog
{a Jncom co {nl uz{ phmjl( mul oaw lvlo hlzz hcilhs {a emji
m uljcpuajmh mppuamjn {a Jncom {nmo {nls |zlk {a el/ ‘A|ujadpmoclz jmo–{ jadpl{l co Jncom( za c{ kalzo–{ dm{{lu {a |z
cf Jncom aploz |p c{z p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{ dmuil{—( zmsz aol
Lmz{luo L|uaplmo afjcmh/:: ‘Wnm{ nmvl Gludmos mok L|uapl
kaol fau |z hm{lhs1— mziz mo afjcmh co {nl faulcgo dcocz{us af m
Dlkc{luumolmo dldelu z{m{l/ ‘Naw jmo {nls nmvl {nl oluvl
{a mzi |z {a jaaukcom{l mok |oc{l a|u L|uaplmo co{lulz{z ao
Jncom wnlo {nlul cz oa jaddao ljaoadcj co{lulz{1—:;
[nlzl olw kcvczcaoz mul wlmilocog L|uapl–z mppuamjn {a
Jncom/ Fau l~mdphl( wnlo Puldclu Wlo Bcmema vczc{lk
E|kmplz{ co B|ol mok mooa|ojlk m olw ₨= echhcao julkc{
C K L A H A G
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:5 Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Dmujn 50==/:: Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Elcbcog( Dmujn 50==/:; Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Oavldelu 50=0/
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3
hcol fau N|ogmucmo jadpmoclz( N|ogmus–z Pucdl Dcocz{lu
Vci{au Aueío ‚ wna nmpplolk {a el mj{cog pulzcklo{ af {nl
L\ ‚ {mhilk af m ‘olw mhhcmojl af dmbau zcgocjmojl wc{n
{nl Plaphl–z Ulp|ehcj af Jncom—/:< [nlul wmz oa dlo{cao af
n|dmo ucgn{z k|ucog {nl {ucp mok {nl gavluodlo{ {uclk {a
zchlojl [cel{mo pulzz|ul gua|pz/ [ncz zchlojl chh|z{um{lk {nlzncf{ co N|ogmus–z z{mojl ao n|dmo ucgn{z co Jncom2 Aueío
dl{ {nl Kmhmc Hmdm wnlo nl wmz pucdl dcocz{lu co 5000 e|{
kck oa{ ka za wnlo {nl [cel{mo hlmklu vczc{lk N|ogmus mgmco
co 50=0/:6 Fc{{coghs( c{ wmz k|ucog moa{nlu vczc{ {a E|kmplz{
{nm{ Jncolzl klp|{s faulcgo dcocz{lu F| Scog uldcoklk
L|uaplmoz {nm{ ‘pazc{cvl zcgomhz zna|hk el fahhawlk es m
pazc{cvl ulzpaozl—/:7
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Fcg|ul 52 Dldelu z{m{l m{{c{|klz {a Jncom mf{lu {nl juczcz
Oa{l2 {nl meavl jnmu{z mul emzlk ao dldelu z{m{lz– pahcjclz ao pahc{cjmh mok ljaoadcj czz|lz/ Co ea{n jnmu{z( {nl pahc{cjmh czz|lz co wlul {nl puadcolojl af n|dmo
ucgn{z czz|lz( wchhcogolzz {a umczl ghaemh czz|lz wc{n Jncom .Cumo( Z|kmo l{j/#( [mcwmo( [cel{ mok wchhcogolzz {a dll{ {nl Kmhmc Hmdm mz wlhh mz glolumh pahc{cjmh
z{m{ldlo{z ao Jncom/ Co Fcg|ul =( wncjn uz{ mpplmulk co LJFU–Z Pawlu M|kc{ af L\$Jncom Ulhm{caoz( {nl ljaoadcj czz|lz wlul pahcjclz ao mo{c$k|dpcog mok {umkl
kljc{z/ Co Fcg|ul 5( {nl ljaoadcj czz|lz wlul pahcjclz {awmukz Jncolzl covlz{dlo{z mok gavluodlo{ eaok p|ujnmzlz( co{lulz{ co ae{mcocog cojulmzlk mjjlzz {a
Jncolzl dmuil{z mok {nl lz{mehczndlo{ af m pazzcehl L\ coz{u|dlo{ ao p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/
[n|z( mh{na|gn m hmuglu o|delu af ja|o{uclz oaw nmvl m
z{mil co ulhm{caoz wc{n Elcbcog mok {nlulfaul wmo{ {a {mil
pmu{ co kczj|zzcaoz ao Jncom( {ncz cz oa{ hlmkcog {a m daul
jaaukcom{lk mok fauwmuk$haaicog L|uaplmo pahcjs/ Ao {nl
jao{umus( Jncom–z dl{cj|ha|z echm{lumh mppuamjn {a lmjn
dldelu z{m{l( {nl p|hh af znau{${lud om{caomh co{lulz{z( mokplunmpz lvlo {nl ollk fau lhlj{lk pahc{cjcmoz {a kldaoz{um{l
{a {nlcu va{luz {nm{ {nls mul gn{cog {nl ghaads ljaoadcj
jao{l~{( cz hlmkcog {a m fumgdlo{m{cao af L\$Jncom pahcjs/ Mz
aol puadcolo{ Jncolzl mjmkldcj aezluvlz2 ‘[nlul cz m umjl {a
{nl ea{{ad2 lvlusaol cz afflucog |z cojlo{cvlz fau covlz{dlo{
fuad Jncom/—:>
:> Co{luvclw wc{n m|{nauz( Mpuch 50==/
:< Vci{au Aueío( Zplljn m{ {nl Jncom ‚ Jlo{umh mok Lmz{luo L|uaplmo Ja|o{uclzLjaoadcj mok [umkl Fau|d( E|kmplz{( 57 B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!auemovci{au/n|!coQloghcznQmu{cjhl!zplljnQesQvci{auQauemoQm{Q{nlQjncomQjlo{umhQmokQlmz{luoQl|uaplmoQja|o{uclzQljaoadcjQmokQ{umklQfau|d/
:6 Zll ‘L|uaplmo Faulcgo Pahcjs Zjauljmuk 50=0—( L|uaplmo Ja|ojch ao FaulcgoUlhm{caoz( Dmujn 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!www/ljfu/l|!jao{lo{!lo{us!{nlQl|uaplmoQfaulcgoQpahcjsQzjauljmuk/
:7 Lvm Z/ Emhagn( ‘Vci{au Aueío co {nl hcdlhcgn{2 Wlo Bcmema co E|kmplz{—( N|ogmucmo Zplj{u|d( 5< B|ol 50==( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!lzemhagn/{splpmk/jad!n|ogmucmozplj{u|d!50==!06!vci{au$aueío$co${nl$hcdlhcgn{$wlo$bcmema$co$e|kmplz{/n{dh/
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
=0
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
M hlvlh phmscog lhk
Mos m{{ldp{ {a cdpuavl L|uaplmo jadpmoclz– mjjlzz
{a Jncolzl dmuil{z d|z{ {nlulfaul elgco wc{n {nl ul$
lz{mehczndlo{ af L|uapl–z emugmcocog pawlu mz m |oc{lk
gua|p/ L|uaplmoz mul oa{ hcilhs {a kczco{lgum{l mok uloa|ojl
{nlcu |oclk mppuamjn {a W[A ua|okz/ E|{ {nlcu |oc{s co
olga{cm{caoz cz {nulm{lolk es {nl olw kcvczcaoz {nm{ nmvl
ldluglk mz m ulz|h{ af Jncom–z pulzlojl co L|uapl/ [nlul
cz oa }|lz{cao {nlulfaul {nm{ Jncom–z z{m{l$hlk ljaoads
wchh jao{co|l {a illp L|uaplmoz kcvcklk cf {nls mul mhulmks
fumgdlo{lk es {nlcu pahc{cjmh mok ljaoadcj co{lulz{z/ [nm{
kalz oa{ dlmo L|uapl zna|hk ehmdl Jncom fau wnm{ c{ cz ‚ m
nmuk$wauicog e|{ z{m{l$kucvlo ljaoads {nm{ nmz nmuolzzlk
hmea|u mok zmvcogz {a eljadl m ghaemh ljaoadcj faujl/ E|{
L|uaplmoz ka ollk {a |ocfs mua|ok {nlcu jahhlj{cvl co{lulz{z/
L|uapl kalz oa{ nmvl {nl ap{cao af jhazcog au dmomgcog
{umkl eljm|zl {ncz wa|hk umczl {nl pucjl af c{z cdpau{lk gaakz
mok zluvcjlz mok {n|z n|u{ c{z z{mokmuk af hcvcog/ Um{nlu( c{zna|hk mcd meavl mhh fau m hlvlh phmscog lhk au d|{|mh mjjlzz
{a {nl Jncolzl ljaoads/ [ncz dlmoz m jmulf|hhs jaozcklulk
mok jaozcz{lo{hs cdphldlo{lk z{um{lgs af uljcpuajc{s {nm{
wchh covahvl pmu{oluz wna jmo el c{z jadpl{c{auz/ L|uaplmoz
wchh mhza ollk {a jaozcklu {nlcu awo fmchcogz/ Fau l~mdphl(
c{ cz ucgn{ {a juc{cjczl Jncolzl z|ezckclz af {nlcu avluzlmz
jao{umj{z/ E|{ Jncom–z dlujmo{chcz{ hagcj ja|hk el {milo
fuad {nl nmokeaai af zadl L|uaplmo cok|z{ucmh pahcjclz/
Eljm|zl pua{lj{lk zlj{auz z{chh mea|ok co c{z awo ljaoads(
L|uapl ollkz jadpl{c{cao/ Cf {nl jaz{ af L|uapl–z {umozpau{(
{lhljadz mok lolugs cofumz{u|j{|ulz wmz {a ga kawo mz m
ulz|h{ af Jncolzl jadpl{c{cao( {ncz wa|hk el wlhjadl
olwz {a L|uaplmo jaoz|dluz/ Nawlvlu( c{ d|z{ el fmcu
jadpl{c{cao/
Co pmu{cj|hmu( L|uapl fmjlz {wa jnmhhloglz/ C{ d|z{ ul{mco
mok lohmugl {nl ulg|hm{aus mok emugmcocog jmpmjc{s ao
wncjn {nl zcoghl dmuil{ wmz fa|oklk/ E|{ c{ d|z{ mhza zlli
m emhmojlk daklh fau ljaoadcj l~jnmogl wc{n Jncom( wncjn
wchh co fmj{ nlhp {a ulfaud ea{n ljaoadclz/ Co a{nlu waukz(
c{ zna|hk mjjlp{ guawcog co{luklploklojl e|{ dmil z|ul
{nm{ ea{n zcklz mul klploklo{ ao lmjn a{nlu um{nlu {nmo
zcdphs cojulmzcog L|uaplmo klploklojl ao Jncom/ [nlul
mul aohs {wa a{nlu ap{caoz2 pua{lj{caoczd( wncjn wa|hk aohs
dmil L|uapl hlzz jadpl{c{cvl ghaemhhs mok umczl c{z jaz{z9 aum full$fau$mhh mjjlp{mojl af z|ezckczlk Jncolzl jmpc{mh mok
haw$jaz{ puavckluz af covlz{dlo{ mok p|ehcj gaakz( wncjn
wa|hk wlmilo {nl emugmcocog pazc{cao af lvlus L\ dldelu
z{m{l mok julm{l mo cozlj|ul lovcuaodlo{ fau Jncolzl udz(
mz wlhh mz pahc{cjmh mok zajcmh {lozcaoz co L|uapl/
[nl Jncolzl pulzlojl co L|uapl {n|z jmhhz fau {nl zmdl
ulzpaozl mz fau {nl zavlulcgo mok emoicog juczlz2 m
kldaoz{um{cao af pahc{cjmh |oc{s mok m pahcjs puajlzz {nm{
dm{jnlz {ncz |oc{s/ [ncz wchh oa{ el lmzs m{ m {cdl wnlo
{nl pucauc{s af dmos L|uaplmo gavluodlo{z cz {a mjnclvl
e|kgl{mus janlzcao au z|uvcvl {nl ol~{ lhlj{cao/ Mz {nlmdemzzmkau {a Jncom af aol dldelu z{m{l co |uglo{ ollk
af covlz{dlo{ zcgnlk2 ‘Wl napl {nm{ L|uapl wao–{ z{ucil
emji elfaul wl gl{ a|u klmhz kaol/—:3 Olvlu{nlhlzz( {nlul
mul dlmz|ulz {nm{ L|uapl jmo {mil {a ulzpaok {a lmjn af {nl
{null wmsz co wncjn Jncom cz cojulmzcoghs pulzlo{ co L|uapl/
[nls wchh pulvlo{ Jncom fuad |zcog c{z omojcmh pawlu {a gmco
|ok|l pahc{cjmh hlvlumgl co L|uapl mok |h{cdm{lhs julm{l m
u|hlz$emzlk mok hlvlh phmscog lhk ao wncjn L|uaplmo udz
mul mehl {a jadpl{l co Jncom co {nl zmdl wms {nm{ Jncolzl
jadpmoclz jmo co L|uapl/
M jaaukcom{lk zsz{ld fau gavluodlo{ kle{ p|ujnmzlz
Fahhawcog {nl l~mdphl af \Z [ulmz|us z{m{cz{cjz( {nl L\
zna|hk nmvl lc{nlu m |oclk z{m{cz{cjmh zsz{ld {a mjja|o{ fau
faulcgo nahkluz af p|ehcj kle{ au m jaaukcom{lk zsz{ld {a
loz|ul {nm{ dldelu z{m{lz |zl zcdchmu mjja|o{cog z{mokmukz/
[ncz wa|hk oa{ za d|jn jnmogl jaokc{caoz ao {nl e|s zckl fau
Jncom au a{nlu covlz{auz mz julm{l jhmuc{s co {nl lvlo{|mhc{s af
m zlhh$aff/ M{ pulzlo{( L|uapl–z hmji af mjja|o{cog mok Jncom–zawo apmjc{s dlmo c{ jmo e|s wc{n m fmofmul( dm~cdczcog {nl
ulz|h{ fau p|ehcj kcphadmjs( mok zlhh wc{na|{ mos p|ehcjc{s(
{n|z nahkcog m {nulm{ avlu ja|o{uclz wc{n wncjn c{ nmz m
kczmgulldlo{/ [ncz zc{|m{cao {nulm{loz L|uaplmo |oc{s co
ea{n faulcgo pahcjs mok {umkl mok covlz{dlo{ pahcjclz/ Jncom
wa|hk mhza elolfc{ fuad {nl ulvlhm{cao af c{z nahkcogz co
{nl kle{ af jaul dldelu z{m{lz au L|uaplmo eaok czz|lz mz
{nls dm{lucmhczl/
M zsz{ld fau vl{{cog kculj{ covlz{dlo{
Gcvlo {nl n|gl klgull af ulg|hm{aus mok mkdcocz{um{cvl
avluzcgn{ co Jncom( c{ cz aohs fmcu {nm{ L|uapl zna|hk l~pmok
{nl dmokm{l af c{z co{luomh dmuil{ mok {umkl kcvczcaoz {a
z|pluvczcao af covlz{dlo{/ Co zpljcj mulmz z|jn mz klflojl(
juc{cjmh {ljnoahagclz( dlkcm mok lk|jm{cao( m z|pluvczaus
eaks zna|hk jhazlhs zju|{coczl {nl e|scog pmu{s mok jaozcklu
{nl cdphcjm{caoz fau L|uaplmo zlj|uc{s mok hcelu{clz/ [nlul
zna|hk el m wcklu faud af lo}|cus( plunmpz covahvcog {nl
L|uaplmo Pmuhcmdlo{ m{ zadl z{mgl( fau covlz{dlo{z af mos
icok {nm{ l~jllk += echhcao ‚ m jlchcog z{chh z|ez{mo{cmhhs ncgnlu
{nmo Jncom–z jao{uah es jlo{umh m|{nauc{clz/ Cf Jncolzl udz
ok c{ nmuk {a jaovcojl L|uaplmoz( {nls dms afflu el{{lu
{ludz au pulzz {nlcu awo gavluodlo{ {a ga fau uljcpuajc{s2 mzhmugl mok mz fmz{$guawcog mz c{ cz( Jncom–z dmuil{ cz zdmhhlu
{nmo L|uapl–z/ Daul euamkhs( L|uapl zna|hk mcd {a olga{cm{l
m d|h{chm{lumh covlz{dlo{ {ulm{s( {n|z hlvlumgcog a{nlu
co{luom{caomh pmu{oluz {a p|{ Jncom ao oa{cjl/ [ncz wa|hk mhza
dlmo daul cofaudm{cao ao awoluzncp af Jncolzl jadpmoclz
mok {nlcu avluzlmz z|ezckcmuclz/
:3 Co{luvclw wc{n {nl m|{nauz( Elcbcog( Dmujn 50==/;0 L|uaplmo Jaddczzcao( ‘[umkl( Guaw{n mok Wauhk Mffmcuz2 [umkl Pahcjs mz m Jaul
Jadpaolo{ af {nl L\–z 5050 Z{um{lgs—( Oavldelu 50=0( mvmchmehl m{ n{{p2!!{umkl/lj/l|uapm/l|!kajhce!kajz!50=0!oavldelu!{umkajQ=;63<</pkf
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scramble-for-europe 11/16
==
Fmcu jadpl{c{cao co p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{
Jncolzl jadpmoclz eckkcog fau jao{umj{z co L|uapl af{lo
elolfc{ fuad zaf{ hamoz mok a{nlu jaz{ fmj{auz wncjn mul
eauol es p|ehcj emoiz mok a{nlu puavckluz {a {nlzl udz/ C{
cz |oulmhcz{cj {a {ncoi {nm{ {nl L\ ja|hk ehaji dldelu z{m{lz
fuad mjjlp{cog z|jn eckz( e|{ c{ ja|hk klos L\ z|ezckclz {a
p|ehcj puablj{z covahvcog jadpmoclz fuad ja|o{uclz {nm{ ka
oa{ gumo{ mjjlzz {a {nlcu awo p|ehcj dmuil{z/ [ncz wa|hk oa{
el m pua{lj{caocz{ dlmz|ul ‚ fau l~mdphl( c{ wa|hk oa{ ga mz
fmu mz {nl E|s Mdlucjmo Mj{/ [nl L\ cz j|uulo{hs jaozcklucog
m olw hlgmh coz{u|dlo{ {nm{ wa|hk zlli {a mjnclvl zsddl{us
wc{n L|uapl–z pmu{oluz co {ncz wms/;0 M zljaok pazzcechc{s
wa|hk el {a julm{l m }|mo{c{m{cvl cokl~ af {nl faulcgo znmul af
p|ehcj dmuil{z co ea{n klvlhaplk mok ldlugcog ljaoadclz/
[ncz dlmz|ul wa|hk nlhp {a aplo |p a{nlu jhazlk dmuil{z
z|jn mz Bmpmo–z mok wa|hk mhza elol{ {ncuk$pmu{s puavckluz co
L|uapl mz wlhh mz co Jncom/ M uz{ z{lp wa|hk el {a cojaupaum{l
z|jn m dlmz|uldlo{ co{a {nl |pjadcog olga{cm{caoz ao mL|uapl$Bmpmo full${umkl mgulldlo{/ Bmpmo( wc{n c{z jhazlk
p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{( nmz af{lo ello m uahl daklh fau Jncom–z
faulcgo${umkl olga{cm{auz( za z|jn m puavczcao ja|hk nmvl
m ioaji$ao lfflj{/ [nlzl z{lpz ja|hk mhza loja|umgl Jncom
{a dmil mo afflu {a aplo c{z p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{ {nm{ galz
elsaok wnm{ cz javlulk es {nl W[A–z GPM/
M{ m {cdl af m|z{luc{s( Jncom–z faj|z ao echm{lumh ulhm{caoz wc{n
dldelu z{m{lz( c{z um{nlu aevca|z pahc{cjmh jaokc{caomhc{s
wc{n wlmilu ljaoadclz( mok {nl apmjc{s af c{z daol{mus mok
omojcmh {umozmj{caoz mul mkkcog {a {nl jlo{ucf|gmh faujlz
mhulmks m{ phms co L|uaplmo pahc{cjz/ Jncom ollkz L|uapl
mok {nl L|uaplmo dmuil{ fau e|zcolzz ‚ e|{ c{ dms mhza wmo{
m kcvcklk L|uapl fau c{z awo p|upazlz/ [nlul cz oa{ncog {a
pulvlo{ jmzn$z{umpplk L|uaplmo ljaoadclz fuad gacog fau
cddlkcm{l emugmcoz wc{n Jncom/ E|{ cf {nls {umkl z|ppau{ fau
Jncom–z pahcjclz mjuazz {nl eamuk fau znau{${lud omojcmh mck(
L|uapl wchh el wlmilolk fuad {nl cozckl/ Ao m umogl af czz|lz
fuad ghaemh omojcmh ulfaud mok co{luom{caomh gavluomojl {a
lovcuaodlo{mh oaudz mok n|dmo ucgn{z( c{ wchh pms {nl pucjl/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
=5
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
Mea|{ {nl m|{nauz
Fumoçacz Gakldlo{ cz m Zlocau Pahcjs Flhhaw m{ {nl L|uaplmo
Ja|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz mok m puaflzzau m{ Zjclojlz Pa(
emzlk m{ Mzcm Jlo{ul co Pmucz/ Nl cz mhza m jaoz|h{mo{ {a {nl
pahcjs phmoocog z{mff af {nl Fulojn faulcgo dcocz{us mok nmz
ello m jaoz|h{mo{ {a {nl ALJK mok {nl L\/ Ncz p|ehcjm{caoz
fau LJFU cojh|kl M Pawlu M|kc{ af L\$Jncom Ulhm{caoz .wc{n
Bano Fa~( 5003# mok M Ghaemh Jncom Pahcjs .50=0#/
Baomz Pmulhha$Phlzolu cz m Zlocau Pahcjs Flhhaw m{ {nl
L|uaplmo Ja|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz/ Pulvca|zhs( nl wmz
Kculj{au af m klvlhapdlo{ OGA wc{n mj{cvc{clz co Mzcm mok
zluvlk mz Klodmui–z Zlocau Mkvczau ao Jncom mok Oau{n
Lmz{ Mzcm fuad 500<$5003/ Nl cz mhza ao {nl lkc{aucmh eamuk
af UÆZAO( m Kmoczn co{luom{caomh mffmcuz dmgmrcol/ Nl cz
m gumk|m{l af Haokao Zjnaah af Ljaoadcjz( Japlonmglo
\ocvluzc{s mok {nl Ljahl om{caomhl k–mkdcocz{um{cao .LOM# co
Pmucz/ Nl wmz {nl ja$m|{nau af Jncom–z Bmo|z$fmjlk ulzpaozl{a {nl Mume ulvah|{caoz .wc{n Umffmlhha Pmo{|jjc( 50==#/
Mhcjl Ucjnmuk cz {nl jaaukcom{au af {nl Jncom puagumddl m{
{nl L|uaplmo Ja|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz/ Znl pulvca|zhs
wauilk fau vmuca|z co{luom{caomh coz{c{|{caoz mok OGAz co
Elcbcog( Eu|zzlhz( Pmucz mok {nl Kldajum{cj Ulp|ehcj af Jaoga/
Znl z{|kclk co Pmucz( dmbaucog co pahc{cjmh zjclojl m{ {nl Ljahl
oaudmhl z|pãucl|ul .LOZ# mok co co{luom{caomh ulhm{caoz m{
Zjclojlz Pa/ Znl jaaukcom{lk {nl ulzlmujn fau LJFU–z Pawlu
M|kc{ af L\$Jncom Ulhm{caoz co 5003/
Mjioawhlkgldlo{z
Wl wa|hk hcil {a {nmoi a|u jahhlmg|l Ucjnmuk Gawmo wna
cozpculk {nl {c{hl af {ncz euclf/ A{nlu jahhlmg|lz m{ LJFU mhza
ul}|cul pmu{cj|hmu {nmoiz( lzpljcmhhs Nmoz I|okomoc fau ncz
pm{clo{ mok z{cd|hm{cog lkc{aucmh logmgldlo{( mok Dmui
Hlaomuk fau kczj|zzcaoz {nm{ nlhplk znmpl {nl mug|dlo{/
[nadmz Iöocg l~plu{hs omvcgm{lk ncz wms {nua|gn {nl
dmrl af ulpau{z ao Jncom–z guawcog pulzlojl co L|uapl mok
Jm{nlucol Icogkad wmz m n|gl nlhp elncok {nl zjlolz/ Fumo
Sladmo wlo{ elsaok {nl jmhh af k|{s co p|ehcjczcog {nl cklmz
co {ncz euclf mnlmk af c{z hm|ojn/
Wl wa|hk mhza hcil {a {nmoi {nl o|dlua|z e|zcolzzdlo(
afjcmhz mok mjmkldcjz fuad mhh avlu L|uapl mok co Jncom
wna dmkl {nldzlhvlz mvmchmehl fau co{luvclwz ao a|u ulzlmujn
{ucpz/ Co pmu{cj|hmu( wl wa|hk hcil {a {nmoi {nl L|uaplmo
Jnmdelu af Jaddlujl co Jncom fau znmucog c{z cozcgn{ ao
p|ehcj puaj|uldlo{/ [nl Jmha|z{l G|heloicmo Fa|okm{caoicokhs naz{lk m wauiznap co Pmucz co Dms m{ wncjn wl wlul
mehl {a kczj|zz a|u pulhcdcomus okcogz wc{n {nl pmu{cjcpmo{z/
Wl nmvl elolfc{lk loauda|zhs fuad {nl cozcgn{z mok
pluzplj{cvlz af dmos kcfflulo{ plaphl( e|{ ulzpaozcechc{s fau
{nl mug|dlo{z mok jaojh|zcaoz hclz zahlhs wc{n {nl m|{nauz/
8/2/2019 Scramble for Europe
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=:
MEA\[ LJFU
[nl L|uaplmo Ja|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz .LJFU# cz {nlfcuz{ pmo$L|uaplmo {ncoi${moi/ Hm|ojnlk co Aj{aelu 5007( c{zaeblj{cvl cz {a jaok|j{ ulzlmujn mok puada{l cofaudlk klem{lmjuazz L|uapl ao {nl klvlhapdlo{ af janlulo{( lfflj{cvl mokvmh|lz$emzlk L|uaplmo faulcgo pahcjs/
LJFU nmz klvlhaplk m z{um{lgs wc{n {null kcz{coj{cvl lhldlo{z{nm{ klfcol c{z mj{cvc{clz2
‥ M pmo$L|uaplmo Ja|ojch/ LJFU nmz eua|gn{ {agl{nlu mkcz{cog|cznlk Ja|ojch af avlu aol n|okulk Dldeluz $pahc{cjcmoz( kljczcao dmiluz( {ncoiluz mok e|zcolzz plaphlfuad {nl L\–z dldelu z{m{lz mok jmokckm{l ja|o{uclz $ wncjndll{z aojl m slmu mz m f|hh eaks/ [nua|gn glagumpncjmh mok{nldm{cj {mzi faujlz( dldeluz puavckl LJFU z{mff wc{n mkvcjlmok fllkemji ao pahcjs cklmz mok nlhp wc{n LJFU–z mj{cvc{clzwc{nco {nlcu awo ja|o{uclz/ [nl Ja|ojch cz jnmculk es Dmu{{cMn{czmmuc( Bazjnim Fczjnlu mok Dmelh vmo Aumobl/
‥ M pnszcjmh pulzlojl co {nl dmco L\ dldelu z{m{lz/ LJFU( |oc}|lhs mdaog L|uaplmo {ncoi${moiz( nmz affcjlz coEluhco( Haokao( Dmkuck( Pmucz( Uadl mok Zafcm/ Co {nl f|{|ulLJFU phmoz {a aplo affcjlz co Wmuzmw mok Eu|zzlhz/ A|uaffcjlz mul phm{faudz fau ulzlmujn( klem{l( mkvajmjs mokjadd|ocjm{caoz/
‥ M kcz{coj{cvl ulzlmujn mok pahcjs klvlhapdlo{ puajlzz/ LJFU nmz eua|gn{ {agl{nlu m {lmd af kcz{cog|cznlk ulzlmujnluzmok pumj{c{caoluz fuad mhh avlu L|uapl {a mkvmojl c{z aeblj{cvlz{nua|gn cooavm{cvl puablj{z wc{n m pmo$L|uaplmo faj|z/ LJFU–zmj{cvc{clz cojh|kl pucdmus ulzlmujn( p|ehcjm{cao af pahcjs ulpau{z(pucvm{l dll{cogz mok p|ehcj klem{lz( „fuclokz af LJFU– gm{nlucogzco L\ jmpc{mhz mok a|{ulmjn {a z{um{lgcj dlkcm a|{hl{z/
LJFU cz emjilk es {nl Zauaz Fa|okm{caoz Ol{waui( {nlZpmoczn fa|okm{cao FUCKL .Hm F|okmjcúo pmum hmz UlhmjcaolzCo{luomjcaomhlz s lh Kcíhaga L~{lucau#( {nl E|hgmucmo Jadd|oc{mzFa|okm{cao mok {nl C{mhcmo \ocJulkc{ gua|p/ LJFU wauiz copmu{oluzncp wc{n a{nlu augmoczm{caoz e|{ kalz oa{ dmil gumo{z{a cokcvck|mhz au coz{c{|{caoz/
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[ N L Z J U M D
E H L F A U L \ U A P L
=;
L J F U ! : 7
B | h s 5 0 = =
w w w / l j f u / l |
Mdaog dldeluz af {nl L|uaplmoJa|ojch ao Faulcgo Ulhm{caoz mulfaudlu pucdl dcocz{luz( pulzcklo{z(L|uaplmo jaddczzcaoluz( j|uulo{mok faudlu pmuhcmdlo{mucmoz mokdcocz{luz( p|ehcj co{lhhlj{|mhz(e|zcolzz hlmkluz( mj{cvcz{z mok j|h{|umhfcg|ulz fuad {nl L\ dldelu z{m{lzmok jmokckm{l ja|o{uclz/
LJFU Eamuk
Dmu{{c Mn{czmmuc .Fcohmok#Jnmcudmo af {nl Eamuk( JuczczDmomgldlo{ Coc{cm{cvl9 faudluPulzcklo{
Lddm Eaocoa .C{mhs#Vcjl Pulzcklo{ af {nl Zlom{l9 faudlu L\Jaddczzcaolu
Bazjnim Fczjnlu .Gludmos#faudlu Faulcgo Dcocz{lu mokvcjl$Jnmojlhhau
Imuco Fauzlil .Zwlklo!\ZM#E|zcolzz Hlmklu9 faudlu JLAJmuolgcl Covlz{dlo{ Emoi
[cda{ns Gmu{ao Mzn.\oc{lk Icogkad#Puaflzzau af L|uaplmo Z{|kclz(A~fauk \ocvluzc{s
Cvmo Iumz{lv .E|hgmucm#Jnmcu af Eamuk( Jlo{ul fauHcelumh Z{um{lgclz
Dmelh vmo Aumobl.[nl Ol{nluhmokz#JLA( [nl Lhkluz
Mokulw P|kklpnm{{ .\oc{lk Icogkad#Kculj{au( Ghaemh Pmu{oluz &Mzzajcm{lk H{k/
Mhlizmoklu Zdahmu .Pahmok#
Jnmcudmo af {nl Eamuk(Z{lfmo Em{aus Fa|okm{cao
Bmvclu Zahmom .Zpmco#faudlu L\ Ncgn Ulpulzlo{m{cvl fau {nlJaddao Faulcgo mok Zlj|uc{s Pahcjs &Zljul{mus$Glolumh af {nl Ja|ojch af {nlL\9 faudlu Zljul{mus Glolumh af OM[A
LJFU Ja|ojch
Mzglu Mmd|ok .Klodmui#Pulzcklo{ mok JLA( M/ B/ Mmd|ok M!Zmok Jnmcudmo af Emvmucmo Oaukcj M!Z
\uemo Mnhco .Zwlklo#Klp|{s Jnmcudmo af {nl Faulcgo
Mffmcuz Jaddc{{ll mok faulcgopahcjs zpailzpluzao fau {nlZajcmh Kldajum{cj Pmu{s
Dmu{{c Mn{czmmuc .Fcohmok#Jnmcudmo af {nl Eamuk( JuczczDmomgldlo{ Coc{cm{cvl9 faudluPulzcklo{
Gc|hcmoa Mdm{a .C{mhs#faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu mok vcjlPulzcklo{ af {nl L|uaplmo Jaovlo{cao
Gaukao Embomc .N|ogmus#Faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu
Kaum Emiasmoocz .Gulljl#DP9 faudlu Faulcgo Dcocz{lu
Hh|äz Emzzl{z .Zpmco#Klp|{s Kculj{au( Lh Pmäz
Dmuli Elhim .Pahmok#Gavluoau( Om{caomh Emoi af Pahmok9faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu
Uahmok Eluglu .Gludmos#Fa|oklu mok Naoaumus Jnmcudmo(Uahmok Eluglu Z{um{lgsJaoz|h{mo{z GdeN
Luci Elughöf .Zwlklo#Jnclf Ljaoadcz{( L|uaplmo Emoi fauUljaoz{u|j{cao mok Klvlhapdlo{
Eaucz Ecmojnluc .C{mhs#Pulzcklo{( CZPC .Cz{c{|{a plu ghcZ{|kc kc Pahc{cjm Co{luomrcaomhl#
Bmo Iurszr{af Eclhljic .Pahmok#Jnmcudmo( Pucdl Dcocz{lu–z LjaoadcjJa|ojch9 faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu
Jmuh Echk{ .Zwlklo#Faulcgo Dcocz{lu
Nlousim Eajnocmur .Pahmok#Pulzcklo{( Pahczn Jaoflklum{caoaf Pucvm{l Ldphasluz ‚ Hlwcm{ao
Zvl{azhmv Eabchav .E|hgmucm#Fa|oklu( Jadd|oc{mz Fa|okm{cao mokPulzcklo{ af Vlo{|ul L}|c{s E|hgmucm H{k/
Lddm Eaocoa .C{mhs#Vcjl Pulzcklo{ af {nl Zlom{l9
faudlu L\ JaddczzcaoluNmo {lo Eualil.[nl Ol{nluhmokz#Dldelu af Pmuhcmdlo{
Bano Eu|{ao .Culhmok#faudlu L|uaplmo JaddczzcaoMdemzzmkau {a {nl \ZM9 faudlu PucdlDcocz{lu .[maczlmjn#
Cmo E|u|dm .[nl Ol{nluhmokz#Wuc{lu mok mjmkldcj
Lunmuk E|zli .M|z{ucm#Jnmcudmo af {nl Coz{c{|{l fau {nlKmo|el mok Jlo{umh L|uapl
Blurs E|rli .Pahmok#Pulzcklo{ af {nl L|uaplmo Pmuhcmdlo{9faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu
G|ochhm Jmuhzzao .Zwlklo#Dcocz{lu fau Co{luom{caomhKlvlhapdlo{ Jaaplum{cao
Dmo|lh Jmz{lhhz .Zpmco#Puaflzzau( \ocvluzc{m{ Aelu{mkl Jm{mh|osm mok \ocvluzc{s af Za|{nluo Jmhcfauocm
Dmucm Jm{{m|c.Gulljl!Zwc{rluhmok#Faudlu Zljul{mus af {nl Co{luom{caomhJnmdelu af Jaddlujl
Cpli Jld [mnm .[|uils#Kculj{au af Dlhmi Covlz{dlo{z !
Ba|uomhcz{
Jnmuhlz Jhmuil .\oc{lk Icogkad#
Vczc{cog Puaflzzau af Pahc{cjz( \ocvluzc{saf Lmz{ Moghcm9 faudlu Nadl Zljul{mus
Ocjahm Jhmzl .Zwlklo#Mdemzzmkau {a {nl \oc{lk Icogkad9faudlu Z{m{l Zljul{mus
Kmoclh Jano$Elokc{ .Gludmos#Dldelu af L|uaplmo Pmuhcmdlo{
Uaelu{ Jaaplu .\oc{lk Icogkad#Ja|ozlhhau af {nl L|uaplmo L~{luomhMj{cao Zluvcjl
Glunmuk Juaddl .Gludmos#Jnmcudmo af {nl Z|pluvczaus Eamukaf {nl [nszzloIu|pp
Kmoclh Kmcmo| .Uadmocm#Puaflzzau af Ljaoadcjz( Om{caomh Zjnaahaf Pahc{cjmh mok Mkdcocz{um{cvl Z{|kclz.ZOZPM#9 faudlu Fcomojl Dcocz{lu
Dmzzcda K–Mhldm .C{mhs#Pulzcklo{( C{mhcmocl|uaplc Fa|okm{cao9Pulzcklo{( Fa|okm{cao fau L|uaplmoPuagulzzcvl Z{|kclz9 faudlu PucdlDcocz{lu mok Faulcgo Dcocz{lu
Dmu{m Kmzzó .C{mhs#Kculj{au Glolumh Co{luom{caomhMj{cvc{clz( Mzplo Coz{c{|{l C{mhcm
L{clool Kmvcgoao .Elhgc|d#Pulzcklo{( Fuclokz af L|uapl9 faudluVcjl Pulzcklo{ af {nl L|uaplmoJaddczzcao
Mndl{ Kmv|{ag˞h| .[|uils#Faulcgo Dcocz{lu
Mhlŭ Klelhbmi .Zhavlocm#Pal{ mok J|h{|umh Juc{cj
Blmo$H|j Klnmlol .Elhgc|d#Dldelu af L|uaplmo Pmuhcmdlo{9faudlu Pucdl Dcocz{lu
Gcmofumoja Klhh–Mhem .C{mhs#Kculj{au( Jaoflklum{cao af C{mhcmoCok|z{us .Jaofcok|z{ucm# $ Eu|zzlhzaffcjl9 faudlu Dldelu af L|uaplmoPmuhcmdlo{
Pmvah Kldlŭ .Zhavmicm#Zlocau [umozm{hmo{cj Flhhaw( GludmoDmuznmhh F|ok af {nl \oc{lk Z{m{lz.Eum{czhmvm#
Ildmh Kluvcz .[|uils#Vcjl$Pulzcklo{ mok Kculj{au af GhaemhLjaoads mok Klvlhapdlo{
[ceau Klzzlwffs .N|ogmus#Pulzcklo{( KLDAZ N|ogmus
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