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The Scramble for AfricaEurope competes for Empire on the
Dark Continent
Europe Divides Africa
• By the beginning of the 1880s only a small part of Africa was under European rule.
• The causes of the scramble for Africa had more to do with events in Europe than with Africa.
Causes• End of the Slave Trade • Exploration • Henry Morton Stanley• Capitalism • Steam Engines and Iron Hulled Boats • Medical Advances • Politics • Military Innovation
Great Britain
Britain
• Britain acquired the Cape Colony in South Africa. It was an important port on the sea route to India.
• In 1867, the Suez Canal was built.• In 1882, Britain took over administration
of Egypt.• Little by little, Britain occupied the rest
of East Africa
Cecil Rhodes
• Dreamed of building a railroad across Africa.
• Two colonies named after him.
• Diamond mining
France
• Controlled much of West Africa and North Africa.
• Motivated by the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany.
Belgium
• King Leopold II• Personally owned
Congo Free State and used it for ivory and rubber.
• Taken from Leopold in 1908-Belgian Congo
Germany• In 1884, German
South West Africa, Cameroon, German East Africa, and Togo created.
• The Herero and Nama in Southwest Africa revolted against German rule.
The Boer War
• Fought over gold and diamond mines in the Transvaal and Orange Free State
• War lasts from 1899 to 1902.
• Treaty of Vereeniging
Impact of the Boer War
• Britain began to look for allies and improve foreign relations.
• Discovery that 40% of men called up were unfit for duty led to welfare reforms in Britain.
• War made on civilians…Women and children sent to concentration camps.
• What is going on here?
• What was the “white man’s burden?”
• What does this cartoon say about the relationship between Europe and Africa?
The End Result
• Positives: introduced new technologiesimproved transportationintroduced better education systemsintroduced new crops
• Negatives: apartheid
forced laboreconomic exploitationracism