SEARCHSEARCHPLAN PLAN

VARIABLESVARIABLES

Instructor Notes

ObjectivesObjectives

Demonstrate the relationship between Track Spacing Demonstrate the relationship between Track Spacing (S); Corrected Sweep Width (W); Coverage Factor (C)(S); Corrected Sweep Width (W); Coverage Factor (C)

State the factors needed to obtain a corrected visual State the factors needed to obtain a corrected visual sweep widthsweep width

Locate the visual sweep width estimate for night Locate the visual sweep width estimate for night detection aidsdetection aids

Compute Coverage Factor (C)Compute Coverage Factor (C)

The Goal of Search PlanningThe Goal of Search Planning

““To cover To cover as muchas much of the search area of the search area as possibleas possible with a with a reasonablereasonable probability of probability of detectiondetection with with the ultimate aim to maximize the probability of the ultimate aim to maximize the probability of

successsuccess.”.”

Search Plan VariablesSearch Plan Variables

TRACK SPACING (S) TRACK SPACING (S)

SWEEP WIDTH (W)SWEEP WIDTH (W)

COVERAGE FACTOR (C)COVERAGE FACTOR (C)

Track Spacing (S)Track Spacing (S)

The distance between two adjacent The distance between two adjacent parallel search legsparallel search legs

Successive SweepsSuccessive Sweeps

ss

ss

Simultaneous SweepsSimultaneous Sweeps

ss

ss

Sweep Width (W)Sweep Width (W)

Search objects detected outside Sweep Width

Figure H-22 Sweep Width

Search objects missed within Sweep Width

SWEEP WIDTHSWEEP WIDTH

LATERAL RANGE IN SWEEP WIDTHSLATERAL RANGE IN SWEEP WIDTHS

NOTE: Number of search objects missed in area “A” is equal to number of search objects sighted in area “B”NOTE: Number of search objects missed in area “A” is equal to number of search objects sighted in area “B”

PO

DP

OD

Sweep Width (W)Sweep Width (W) A measure of detection capabilityA measure of detection capability

Based on scientific studyBased on scientific study

Some must be corrected for weather, fatigue, Some must be corrected for weather, fatigue, velocity velocity

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Sweep width correctedSweep width corrected ( (WW) = ) =

sweep widthsweep width uncorrecteduncorrected ( (WWuu) x ) x

weatherweather correction ( correction (ffww) x ) x

fatiguefatigue correction ( correction (ffff) x ) x

speedspeed correction ( correction (ffvv-aircraft only-aircraft only)

W = WW = Wuu x f x fww x f x fff x f x fvv

W = WW = Wuu x f x fww x f x fff x f x fv v

ExampleExampleSearch Object 33 ft Power Boat Search Object 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type HH-65 SRU Type HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility 10 nmVisibility 10 nmWind 14 knots Wind 14 knots Seas 4 ftSeas 4 ftCrew fatigue YesCrew fatigue YesSRU Speed 120 ktsSRU Speed 120 kts

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Search AltitudeSearch Altitude

W = W = WWuu x f x fww x f x fff x f x fvv

Uncorrected Visual Sweep WidthUncorrected Visual Sweep WidthSearch ObjectSearch Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility 10 nmVisibility 10 nmWindWind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Uncorrected VisualVisual Sweep Widths

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Uncorrected Visual Sweep WidthsUncorrected Visual Sweep Widths

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Search Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

WWuu = 6.3 = 6.3

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsW = W = WWuu x f x fww x f x fff x f x fvv

Uncorrected Visual Sweep WidthUncorrected Visual Sweep Width

W = WW = Wuu x x ffww x f x fff x f x fvv

Weather Correction FactorWeather Correction FactorSearch ObjectSearch Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat SRU Type SRU Type HH-65HH-65AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

W = WW = Wuu x x ffww x f x fff x f x fvv

Weather Correction FactorWeather Correction Factor

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

W = WW = Wuu x x ffww x f x fff x f x fvv Weather Correction FactorWeather Correction FactorSearch Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

FFww = = 0.90.9

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Search Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

W = WW = Wuu x f x fww x x ffff x f x fvv

Fatigue Correction FactorFatigue Correction Factor

W = WW = Wuu x f x fww x x ffff x f x fvv Fatigue Correction FactorFatigue Correction Factor

FFf f = = 0.90.9

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep Widths

Search Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

Search Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsW = WW = Wuu x f x fww x f x fff x x ffvv Speed Correction FactorSpeed Correction Factor

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsW = WW = Wuu x f x fww x f x fff x x ffvv Speed Correction FactorSpeed Correction Factor

FFvv = = 0.90.9

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsW = WW = Wuu x f x fww x f x fff x x ffvv Speed Correction FactorSpeed Correction FactorSearch Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

Search Object Search Object 33 ft Power Boat 33 ft Power Boat

SRU Type SRU Type HH-65 HH-65 AltitudeAltitude 1000 ft1000 ftVisibility Visibility 10 nm10 nmWind Wind 14 kts 14 kts Seas Seas 4 ft4 ftCrew fatigue Crew fatigue YesYesSRU Speed SRU Speed 120 kts120 kts

WuWu = 6.3= 6.3

fwfw = 0.9= 0.9

ff ff = 0.9= 0.9 fv fv = 0.9 = 0.9 WW = 4.59= 4.59

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsW = Wu x fw x ff x fv W = Wu x fw x ff x fv

ExampleExample

Wu = Wu = 6.36.3

fw = fw = 0.90.9

ff = ff = 0.90.9

fv =fv = 0.9 0.9

W = 4.59W = 4.59

SRU trackSRU track

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsUncorrected Visual Sweep WidthUncorrected Visual Sweep Width

Wu = Wu = 6.36.3

fw = fw = 0.90.9

ff = ff = 0.90.9

fv =fv = 0.9 0.9

W = 4.59W = 4.59

SRU trackSRU track

Visual Sweep WidthsVisual Sweep WidthsUncorrected Visual Sweep WidthUncorrected Visual Sweep Width

Orange smokeOrange smoke Red flareRed flare Star shellStar shell Dye markersDye markers TracersTracers Signal mirrorsSignal mirrors

Visual Distress Signaling Devices Visual Distress Signaling Devices (VDSD)(VDSD)

EPIRB/ELT*EPIRB/ELT* Surface RadarSurface Radar FLARFLAR SLARSLAR FLIRFLIR NVG*NVG*

Electronic Search SensorsElectronic Search Sensors

Coverage Factor (C)Coverage Factor (C)

Measure of search thoroughness or how well an Measure of search thoroughness or how well an area was searched. area was searched.

Entering argument when calculating Probability Entering argument when calculating Probability of Detection. of Detection.

C = W/SC = W/S

How to use the BookmarkHow to use the Bookmark

WW

SSCC XX

// //

C = 1.0 C = 1.0 S = W (1: 1 Ratio) S = W (1: 1 Ratio)

Sweep WidthSweep Width

Track SpacingTrack Spacing

SRU track

Track Spacing and Sweep Width are equal.Track Spacing and Sweep Width are equal.

C = 0.5C = 0.5W < S (1:2 Ratio)W < S (1:2 Ratio)

Track Spacing is greater than the Sweep Width.Track Spacing is greater than the Sweep Width.

Track SpacingTrack Spacing

Sweep WidthSweep Width

Sweep WidthSweep Width

C = 1.5C = 1.5W > S (3:2 Ratio)W > S (3:2 Ratio)

Track Spacing is less than the Sweep Width.Track Spacing is less than the Sweep Width.

Sweep WidthSweep Width

Sweep WidthSweep WidthTrack SpacingTrack Spacing

ReviewReview

Distance between two adjacent search legsDistance between two adjacent search legs

Width of a swath centered on an SRU’s track where Width of a swath centered on an SRU’s track where probability of detecting object outside that swath is probability of detecting object outside that swath is equal to missing the object inside the swathequal to missing the object inside the swath

Measure of search thoroughness or how well an area Measure of search thoroughness or how well an area was searchedwas searched

ReviewReview

What are the factors for correcting a Visual What are the factors for correcting a Visual Sweep Sweep Width? Width?

What is the correction factor for a VDSD?What is the correction factor for a VDSD?

Sweep Width divided by Track Spacing = ??Sweep Width divided by Track Spacing = ??

And that is all there is to it!And that is all there is to it!

LAB TIMELAB TIME