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(Second) Language (Second) Language AcquisitionAcquisition
Student’s Name/ ID Student’s Name/ ID ：： Betty 9722609Betty 9722609 Yuri 9722616 Yuri 9722616
Vivian 9722607Vivian 9722607InstructorInstructor ：： Philip LinPhilip LinDateDate ：： Oct. 13th, 2008Oct. 13th, 2008
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SLA –Question of Chapter 2SLA –Question of Chapter 2Question 5Question 5 ：： Please define Please define
Discourse.Discourse.PragmaticsPragmaticsPragmatics and DiscoursePragmatics and DiscourseDiscourseDiscourseDisambiguates words Disambiguates words Pronouns and DiscoursePronouns and DiscourseDiscourse AnalysisDiscourse Analysis and DiscourseSpecific DiscourseConclusion
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Pragmatics
Discourse
Discourse analysis
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The study of how context and situation affect meaning.
A linguistic unit that comprises more than one sentence.
The study of broad speech units comprising multiple sentences.
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Pragmatic
Pragmatic is concerned with the interpretation of linguistic meaning in context. Two kinds of contexts are relevant ： Linguistic context
Situational context
(Fromkin, etl, (Fromkin, etl, An Introduction to LanguageAn Introduction to Language, 2007 ), 2007 )
The discourse that precedes the phrase or sentence to be interpreted.
Virtually everything nonlinguistic in the environment of the speaker.
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Pragmatic and DiscoursePragmatic and Discourse
Pragmatic Discourse
Pragmatic is important when interpreting discourse.
Consists of several sentences, including exchanges between speakers.
For example, in determining whether a pronoun in one sentence has the same reflect as a noun phrase in another sentence.
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DiscourseDiscourseWithin a discourse, preceding sentences affect Within a discourse, preceding sentences affect the meaning of sentence that follows them in the meaning of sentence that follows them in various ways. various ways.
For example, the reference or meaning of For example, the reference or meaning of pronouns often depends on prior discourse. pronouns often depends on prior discourse.
As well, prior discourse often As well, prior discourse often disambiguatesdisambiguates words like words like bank bank in that the discussion may about in that the discussion may about rafting on a river or interest rates. rafting on a river or interest rates.
(Fromkin, etl, (Fromkin, etl, An Introduction to LanguageAn Introduction to Language, 2007 ), 2007 )
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he
he
—John himself
—another people
John believes that he is a genius.
He walks along the bank.
bank
bank
—rafting on a river
—finical company
Disambiguates wordsDisambiguates words
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Pronouns and DiscoursePronouns and Discourse
In a discourse, prior linguistic context plays a In a discourse, prior linguistic context plays a primary role in pronoun interpretation. In the primary role in pronoun interpretation. In the following discourse:following discourse:
The most interpretation of The most interpretation of herher is “the women is “the women “referred to in the first sentence, whoever she “referred to in the first sentence, whoever she happens to be. But it is also possible for happens to be. But it is also possible for herher to to refer to a different person, perhaps one indicates refer to a different person, perhaps one indicates with a gesture .with a gesture .
It seems that the man loves the women.Many people think he loves her.
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Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is the social and linguistic description of norms governing such productions.
It may include (in critical linguistics) focus upon the social and political determinants of the form discourse takes.
For instance, the hidden presuppositions that the persons addressed are of a certain class, race, or gender.
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Discourse Analysis and Discourse
Discourse analysis Discourse
The study of cohesion and other relationships between sentences in written or spoken discourse.
Any extended use of speech or writing; or a formal exposition or dissertation. In linguistics, discourse is the name given to units of language longer than a single sentence.
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Specific Discourse
The specific discourse in which a statement is made will govern the kinds of connections that can be made between ideas, and will involve certain assumptions about the kind of person(s) addressed.
By extension, as a free‐standing noun (‘discourse’ as such), the term denotes language in actual use within its social and ideological context and in institutionalized representations of the world called discursive practices.
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Conclusion
Discourse is communication that goes back and forth (from the Latin, discursus, "running to and fro"), such as debate or argument.
The term is used in semantics and discourse analysis. In semantics, discourses are linguistic units composed of several sentences — in other words, conversations, arguments or speeches.
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Thank you for listening!Thank you for listening!
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