Second Semester Final Review

©2005 LikeScience.com

A mile or so below you there are large pieces of the Earth’s crust

known as __________________.   

Plates

Plates move and float on a river of ______________ in the

Earth’s _______________.   

Magma, mantle

Where these plates break a ______________ will form.   

fault

At ______________ plate boundaries ___________ forces

cause reverse faults to form.   

Convergent, compression

At transform plate boundaries __________ forces cause

__________ faults to form.   

Shearing, strike-slip

Lastly, as tension forces act on the plates at

___________________ plate boundaries, __________ faults

form.   

Divergent, normal

As plates interact they sometimes produce large

vibrations known as __________.   

earthquakes

The _________ is the location under the ground where the energy of the vibrations was

released.   

focus

The point on the surface directly above this location is known as

the ____________.   

epicenter

_____________, scientist who study earthquakes use

instruments called _______________ to measure

the vibrations caused by earthquakes.   

Seismologist, seismograph

The first wave of energy released by an earthquake is a

_______________ wave.   

primary

Primary waves travel in a _________ motion.   

Up and down

Second to arrive at the _________ station is the ____________ wave.   

Seismic, secondary

Secondary waves travel in a __________ motion   

Back and forth

The seismic wave that causes the most damage is the

________________ wave.   

surface

The Earth has an endless supply of resources.   

false

What is the carrying capacity?   

How much the Earth's resources can support.

What will happen to Earth’s resources if they are wasted?   

They will be gone.

Does the population use more or less resources than 200 years

ago?   

more

Define population.   

Number of species in an area.

What was the global population in 1996?   

5.7 billion

What is a population explosion?   

A rapid increase in population.

What happens when a region does not have enough food?   

The animals migrate or starve.

Why has the population of Earth increased so rapidly?   

Better medicines and Technology.

Why have births increased?   

Americans are having more babies.

What is the estimated world population for this century?   

14 billion

How much garbage does the average person produce in 75

years?   

47,000 kgs

How much water does an average person consume in 75

years?   

163 million liters

What is the population density of a region?   

population divided by area

How do fuels impact the environment?   

Burning them produces pollution

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through

the crust is called a(n)   

hot spot

Volcanoes in both the Andes and the mountains of the Pacific

Northwest formed from collisions between   

an oceanic plate and a continental plate

The volcanoes that form the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean

are the result of   

subducting plates

Magma first forms in   

the asthenosphere

Which sequence describes the movement of magma from inside

a volcano to the surface?   

magma chamber, pipe, vent

Eruptions of high-silica lava may produce a   

shield volcano

Groundwater heated by magma forms a(n)   

hot spring

Wide, gently sloping mountains formed by low-silica lava flows

are called   

shield volcanoes

A mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside

the crust is called a   

batholith

Dikes are formed when   

magma enter a vertical crack and hardens

A mountain that forms when layers of lava and ash erupt   

volcano

Hot spots, such as the one that formed Hawaii, can occur at   

locations far from plate boundaries

One factor that determines whether a volcano eruption will

be quiet or explosive is ____.   

the amount of water vapor and other gases trapped in the

magma.

Magma rises to Earth’s surface because it is ____than

surrounding rock.   

less dense

Magma that squeezes into horizontal cracks and hardens

forms a______   

sill

Magma that squeezes into vertical cracks and hardens

forms a____   

dike

The largest intrusive igneous rock body is a   

batholith

If the magma chamber below a volcano collapses, a

_____forms.   

caldera

An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of

a plate is called a(n)   

hot spot

Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a   

magma chamber

Which factor does not affect how thick or thin magma is?   

its silica content

Volcanic soils are fertile because they contain   

potassium and phosphorus

Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up a   

lava plateau

A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in

the future is called   

dormant

What is a vertical landform formed from magma that

hardens?   

dike

All volcanic material is the same size   

False

Today people are never killed by volcanic eruptions.   

False

Volcanoes can form on the ocean floor   

true

There is no relationship between plate tectonics and volcanoes.   

false

Kilauea in Hawaii releases tremendous amounts of gas.   

True

Gas trapped in magma under high pressure can cause

explosive eruptions.   

True

Layer of atmosphere where weather, clouds, and smog occur

Troposphere

Force of air determined by temperature and distance above

sea level

Air pressure

Naturally occurring gas in the stratosphere that is considered apollutant in the lower atmosphere

ozone

Layer of the thermosphere that has a high concentration of

electricallycharged particles

ionosphere

Most common gas in the atmosphere

Nitrogen

Layer of atmosphere that includes the ozone layer

stratosphere

Type of pollution that can be formed by car exhaust and

burning coalor oil

smog

Layer of atmosphere between the thermosphere and space

exosphere

____ makes up from 0 to 4 percent of the atmosphere.

Other Gases

The____ contains 75 percent of the atmospheric gases.

Troposphere

The division of Earth’s atmosphere into layers is based

on_________ differences.

temperature

Cold air is denser than warm air and, therefore, has higher ____.

mass

_____ is the only substance that exists as a solid, liquid, and gas

inEarth’s atmosphere.

Water Vapor

The____ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere.

Sun

When Earthreceives this energy, some energy escapes back into

____

Space

The balance among these three help the atmosphere support

Life

Energy reaches Earth in the form of radiant energy, or

radiation

Radiation is the transfer of energy by

Waves

The present state of the atmosphere is the__ .

Weather

______is the amount of water vapor in the air.

Density

Air is_________ when it is holding all the moisture it can at a

certaintemperature.

Saturated

The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation

begins is the

Dew Point

________. humidity is the amount of water vapor in air

compared to theamount of water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature.

Relative

A is an instrument that measures relative humidity.

Psychromometer

When millions of tiny drops of water around dust particles form

from condensed humid air, a____forms.

Cloud

A stratus cloud that forms near the ground is .

Fog

Water droplets that become too heavy to remain suspended in the air fall out of the clouds as

.

Precipitation

______forms when water drops freeze in layers around small

nucleiof ice.

Hail

Water drops that fall when the temperature is above freezing fall

as .

Rain

Water drops that fall when the temperature is below freezing fall

as .

Snow

When snow passes through warm air, melts, and refreezes

near the ground, it becomes

Sleet

The boundary between two air masses?

Front

When a cold mass of air overtakes a warm mass of air?

Cold Front

When two cold masses of air over take a warm mass of air?

Occluded front

High pressure system normally mean what type of weather?

Warm , clear

A low pressure system normally mean what type of weather?

Cloudy weather

The turning of air masses from their original paths because of

Earth’srotation

Coriolis Effect

What is Mr. G’s Son’s name?

Tucker

How old is Mr. G.?

30