A SEMINAR ON

SECURE AND EFFICIENT DATA TRANSMISSION

FOR CLUSTER-BASED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

ByDeePak M. Birajdar (2015MCS006)

Under the Guidance ofMrs. S.S.Solapure

Contents

Introduction Literature review Previous Work Objectives Proposed Work Analysis Conclusion References

Introduction

What is Wireless Sensor Network ? WSN is a Network System that

monitor physical or environmental conditions.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of base stations and a number of wireless sensors (nodes).

Fig Architecture of sensor node

Contd..Types of WSN

Central – Set of node act as source nodes and sink node controls all source nodes.

Hierarchical – The network is grouped into clusters.

Centralized Network

There are two different types of nodes - source node and sink nodes

Hierarchical Network

Fig A Fig B

Clustering In WSN

Every cluster has leader sensor node called Cluster-head (CH).

CH aggregate data by leaf node in cluster send to base station (BS).

Used to achieve the Scalability and management

Maximize node lifetime and reduce the b/w consumption.

LITERATURE SURVEY

[1]S. Sharma and S.K. Jena, “Secure Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Int’l Conf. Comm., Computing & Security (ICCCS), pp. 146-151, 2011.[2]

Hierarchical or cluster-base routing protocol for WSNs is the most energy-efficient among other routing protocols.

[2] A.A. Abbasi and M. Younis, “A Survey on Clustering Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks,”Computer Comm., vol. 30, nos. 14/ 15, pp. 2826-2841, 2007[3]

Clustering is introduced to WSNs because it has proven to be an effective approach to provide better data aggregation and scalability for large WSNs.

[3]A. Shamir, “Identity-Based Cryptosystems and SignatureSchemes,” Proc. Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), pp. 47-53,[4]

The scheme assumes the existence of trusted key generation centres , whose sole purpose is t o give each user a personalized smart cardwhen he first join the network.

Previous WorkLEACH Protocol [6]

Two Phase of LEACH

During Set up Phase Sink node broadcast message to all nodes. Node generate random number(RN)

Node have RN<T(n) become Cluster Head

During Steady-state phase

Broadcasting message to all other node from CH. Node other than CH determine which cluster they belong.

Cluster formation

Leaf node transmit sensed information to CH.

CH then transmit data to sink Node.

Adaptive clustering for energy balancing

Pros and Cons of LEACH

Pros it is Powerful and simple.

Network lifetime increased.

Reduce the traffic on sink node as compare to flat topology.

Cons

Failure of CHs leads to lack of robustness.

Selection of CH is random, which does not consider energy Consumption.

Does not work well in large scale networks.

There is no fixed routing path with less energy Consumption.

Objective

The objective of the secure data transmission for CWSNs is to guarantee a secure and efficient data transmission between leaf nodes and CHs, as well as transmission between CHs and the BS.

SECURE DATA TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS

Proposed Work

SET-IBS.

Secure and efficient data transmission by using the identity-based digital signature.

SET-IBOOS

Secure and efficient data transmission by using the identity-based online/offline digital signature.

SET-IBS

Protocol Initialization

Key Management For Security

Protocol Operation

Contd…Protocol Initialization Time is divided into successive time intervals from the TDMA

control. Time stamps Ts for BS-to-node communication and by tj for leaf-to-CH communication

corresponding private pairing parameters are preloaded in the sensor nodes

Use the additively homomorphic encryption scheme in [5] to encrypt the plaintext of sensed data

This scheme allows efficient aggregation of encrypted data at the CHs and the BS

In the protocol initialization, the BS performs the following operations of key predistribution to all the sensor nodes

Generate the pairing parameters (p, q, E/Fp,G1 ,G2, e) Select a generator P of G1 randomly

Choose two cryptographic hash functions: H, hash function which maps strings to elements in G1, h for mapping arbitrary inputs to fixed-length outputs.

Pick the random integer ┬ € Z* as the master key msk , set Ppub = ┬ P as the network public key

Preload each sensor node with the security parameters

Param = (k,m,p, q, E/Fp,G1 ,G2, e,H,h,P, ┬ )

Key Management leaf sensor node j transmits a message m to its CH i

encrypts the data using the encryption key k from the additively homomorphic encryption scheme [5].

It contain three operation-Extraction-Signature signing-Verification

ExtractionNode j first obtains its private key as sekj = ┬ H(Idj || tj )

Signature signing The sensor node j picks a random number αj € Z* and compute θj =e(P,P) αj

Sensor node computecj =h(Cj || tj || θj )

бj = cj sekj + αj P

Where< бj || cj > is the digital signature of node j on theencrypted message Cj.

Verification Upon receiving the message, each sensor node verifies

the authenticity

It checks the time stamp of current time interval tj

if the time stamp is correct, the sensor node further computes

using the time stamp of current time interval tj.

the formula below if the received message is authentic

If h( Cj || tj || θj’ )= h( Cj || tj || θj )= cj then considered message is authentic.

If the verification above fails then considered message is not authentic.

Protocol Operation After the protocol initialization and key management for security

, SET-IBS operates in round during communication

Each round consist two phases Setup Phase Stedy -State Phase

SET-IBOOS To reduce the computation and storage costs of signature signing

processing in the IBS scheme, we improve SET-IBS by introducing IBOOS for security in SET-IBOOS

The SET-IBOOS protocol is designed with the same purpose and scenarios for CWSNs with higher efficiency

Protocol Initialization – It is similar to that of SET-IBS

Key Management For Security

Protocol Operation

Key Management

Extraction

offline signing

Online signing

Verification

Extraction:- Same as that in the IBS scheme.

Offline Signing store the knowledge for signing online signature when it sends the

message ,node j generates the offline value < б^j>

Online Signing :- Node j computes the online signature < б^

j, Zj> based on the encrypted data Cj and the offline signature б^

j

online signature, in the form of

< Idj, tj, Rj , б j ,Zj, Cj>

Verification : Upon receiving the message, each sensor node verifies the authenticity It checks the time stamp of current time interval tj

Operation

Analysis

Results demonstrate that the proposed SET IBS and SET-IBOOS protocols consume energy faster than LEACH protocol because of the communication and computational overhead for security of either IBS or IBOOS process

Security Analysis Attack Models

Passive Attacks on Wireless Channel

Active Attacks on Wireless ChannelSinkholebogus and replayed routing information attack

Solutions to Attacks

Passive Attacks - The sensed data are encrypted by the homomorphic encryption scheme from [5], which deals with eavesdropping.

Active Attack - attackers do not have valid digital signature.

Applications

Conclusion

The main goal is concerning clustering protocols to minimize the energy consumption of each node, and maximize the network lifetime of wireless sensor networks

The protocols SET-IBS have better performance than the existing secure protocols for CWSN.

Future Scope

• Reduces the computational overhead for protocol security.

• To maximize the life time of sensor nodes.

• To provide more secure way of data transmission in WSN.

Refrences[1] “Secure and Efficient Data Transmission for Cluster-Based Wireless Sensor Networks” H. Lu; J. Li; M. Guizani

IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[2] S. Sharma and S.K. Jena, “A Survey on Secure Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Int’l Conf.Comm., Computing & Security (ICCCS), pp. 146-151, 2011.

[3] A.A. Abbasi and M. Younis, “A Survey on Clustering Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks,”Computer Comm., vol. 30, nos. 14/ 15, pp. 2826-2841, 2007

[4] A. Shamir, “Identity-Based Cryptosystems and Signature Schemes,” Proc. Advances in Cryptology (CRYPTO), pp. 47-53,

[5] C. Castelluccia, E. Mykletun, and G. Tsudik, “Efficient Aggregation of Encrypted Data in Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proc. Second Ann. Int’l Conf. Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services (MobiQuitous), pp. 109-117, 2005.

[6] Wireless Sensor Network Remote Triggered  Virtual Labs At AMRITA UNIVERSITY (Wireless Remote Sensing, Experimentation, Monitoring and Administration Lab) http://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=78&brch=256&sim=1558&cnt=1