Survey of India initiatives as the Leader of Geospatial Technology

Maj Gen R C PadhiAdditional Surveyor General

Geospatial Solution for All www.surveyofindia.gov.in

• Introduction

• SURVEY OF INDIA is the National Survey and SURVEY OF INDIA is the National Survey and Mapping organisation of the country under the Mapping organisation of the country under the Department of Science & Technology.Department of Science & Technology.

• 245 year OLD SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT OF THE 245 year OLD SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT OF THE GOVT. OF INDIA, GOVT. OF INDIA, set up inset up in 17671767. . 

• Preamble of NMP2005 states that Survey of India is Preamble of NMP2005 states that Survey of India is mandated to play leadership role for assess to mandated to play leadership role for assess to geospatial data by various user groups without geospatial data by various user groups without jeopardising national security interests.jeopardising national security interests.

SURVEY OF INDIA:1767 Onwards

SURVEY

OF

INDIA

Geospatial Solution for All www.surveyofindia.gov.in

SURVEY OF INDIASURVEY OF INDIA

SURVEYOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, DEHRADUNSURVEYOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, DEHRADUN

INT. BOUNDARY DTE.INT. BOUNDARY DTE.

STATE GEO-SPATIAL DATA CENTRESSTATE GEO-SPATIAL DATA CENTRES SPECIALISED DIRECTORATESSPECIALISED DIRECTORATES

Andhra Pradesh GDCAndhra Pradesh GDC

HyderabadHyderabad

Assam & Nagaland GDCAssam & Nagaland GDC

GuwahatiGuwahati

Bihar GDCBihar GDC

PatnaPatna

Chhattisgarh GDCChhattisgarh GDC

RaipurRaipur

Gujarat and Daman & Diu GDCGujarat and Daman & Diu GDC

HyderabadHyderabad

Haryana GDCHaryana GDC

ChandigarhChandigarh

Himachal Pradesh GDCHimachal Pradesh GDC

ChandigarhChandigarh

Jharkhand GDCJharkhand GDC

RanchiRanchi

Jammu and Kashmir GDCJammu and Kashmir GDC

JammuJammu

Karnataka GDCKarnataka GDC

BangaloreBangalore

Kerala and Lakshadweep GDCKerala and Lakshadweep GDC

ThiruvanantapuramThiruvanantapuram

Madhya Pradesh GDCMadhya Pradesh GDC

JabalpurJabalpur

Maharashatra & Goa GDCMaharashatra & Goa GDC

PunePune

Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh GDCMeghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh GDC

ShillongShillong

Orissa GDCOrissa GDC

BhubaneshwarBhubaneshwar

Punjab and Chandigarh GDCPunjab and Chandigarh GDC

ChandigarhChandigarh

Rajasthan GDCRajasthan GDC

JaipurJaipur

Survey (Air) & Delhi GDCSurvey (Air) & Delhi GDC

New DelhiNew Delhi

T.Nadu, Puducherry A&N Is. GDCT.Nadu, Puducherry A&N Is. GDC

ChennaiChennai

Tripura, Manipur & Mizoram GDCTripura, Manipur & Mizoram GDC

SilcharSilchar

East Uttar Pradesh GDCEast Uttar Pradesh GDC

LucknowLucknow

Uttarakhand and West UP GDCUttarakhand and West UP GDC

Dehra DunDehra Dun

West Bengal & Sikkim GDCWest Bengal & Sikkim GDC

KolkataKolkata

Business and PublicityBusiness and Publicity

Dehra DunDehra Dun

NGDCNGDC

Dehra DunDehra Dun

GIS& RS CentreGIS& RS Centre

HyderabadHyderabad

Geodetic & Research BranchGeodetic & Research Branch

Dehra DunDehra Dun

Digital Mapping CentreDigital Mapping Centre

DehradunDehradun

IIS&M (Erstwhile STI)IIS&M (Erstwhile STI)

HyderabadHyderabad

Eastern Printing GroupEastern Printing Group

KolkataKolkata

Northern Printing GroupNorthern Printing Group

Dehra DunDehra Dun

Southern Printing GroupSouthern Printing Group

HyderabadHyderabad

Western Printing GroupWestern Printing Group

New DelhiNew Delhi

Mapping for National Security

• SoI responsible for topographical survey and mapping of India.• Types of Maps used by security forces are:-

Strategic scales 1:250k and smaller Tactical scales 1:50 k,1:25k.IAF operational maps small scales for Navigation and large

scales for ops.Cantonment maps 1:5k,1:10k Utility, project specific mapsThematic maps :

3D GIS maps with DEM, Geospatial applications for terrain analysis

GeoInt products

Aerial/Satellite Image Data

Digital Elevation Data

Topographic Data

Raster Data

Biological/Ecological DataGeological/Geographic Ethnological Data

OceanographicData

MeteorologicalData

ClimatologicalData

Integration of maps, charts, imageries, geological, geophysical, environmental, sociological data to produce timely relevant and accurate information required for ops .

Know the Earth, Show the Way

Geospatial data Integration

SoI Services and Products • Geodetic Survey

– Satellite Geodesy - GPS Observations– Tidal Observations – High Precision Leveling– Geomagnetic Surveys– Gravity Surveys

• Topographic Survey– Topographical Survey on different scales– Large Scale Mapping

• Others– Project Surveys, expeditions etc. Contd…….

• Topographic Maps• Special Project Maps, Cantonment maps• Guide Maps, Tourist Maps• Location Coordinates, BM Heights• Indian Tide Tables• Geospatial Digital Data for GIS applications• Digital Elevation/Terrain Model• 3D GIS• Geospatial products for National security, disaster

management

SoI Services and Products

Geodetic Surveys

Dual Frequency GPS Total Station

Conventional Plane Conventional Plane Tabling Tabling

Hand Held Global Positioning System with Palmtops

DATA ACQUISITION

Conventional Analogue Photogrammetry systems

Digital Photogrammetry

DATA ACQUISITION

Conventional Fair Mapping / Scribing

Digital Cartography

DATA TRANSFORMATION

Existing Horizontal Datum was defined based on the Great Trigonometrical Survey done between 1802 to 1841

Existing Vertical Datum was defined in 1905 without gravity observations

To meet the present requirement of higher centimeter level accuracy, the datum require further refinement.

Redefinition of Indian Geodetic Datum is underway. For defining the Horizontal Datum, 300 GCPs established earlier further densified with additional 2200 GCPs .

To Redefine the Vertical Datum, more than 44,000 linear km of High Precision Leveling has been completed .

Redefinition of Geodetic Datum

Geomagnetic Surveys• SOI Prepares Magnetic Declination Charts• SOI shares the data with Indian Institute of Geomagnetism

(IIG)• The magnetic observation made at Magnetic Observatory,

Sabhawala, are published in yearly bulletin since 1964• The geomagnetic elements are useful in prospecting for

minerals and natural resources• Their variations may be precursors or indicators of the

likelihood of seismic activity

Tidal Observations

• SOI has been carrying out tidal observations for more than 125 years

• Tide Tables giving the predicted values of tides are published every year

• The Tide Gauge Network are modernized by equipping the tidal observatories with real time data transmission facilities

• Tidal data is received on real time at National Tidal Data Center

• This data is useful for determination of MSL, scientific studies and Tsunami Warning System.

Already operational

To be installed

DISASTER CONTROL STATION TSUNAMI WARNING

GPS ANTENNA

SOLAR PANEL

SATELLITE

NATIONAL TIDAL DATA CENTRE

VSAT ANTENNA

JETTY

NATIONAL GPS DATA CENTRE

TIDE GAUGE

GPS RECEIVER

REAL TIME DATA TRANSMISSION FROM TIDE REAL TIME DATA TRANSMISSION FROM TIDE GAUGE STATIONGAUGE STATION

VSAT ANTENNA

TIDE GAUGE STATIONTIDE GAUGE STATION

STILLING WELL

Cochin

Minicoy

Kavaratti

Marmagao

Kandla

Nancowry

Port Blair

Haldia

Campbel Bay

Ennore

Tuticorin

VisakhapatanamParadeep

DEHRADUN

Real Time

Tidal and GPS Data Transmission

Machlipatanam

Major Projects in Hand

• ICZM – World Bank Aided Project of MoEF worth Rs. 125 crores for delineation of coastal hazard line and mapping of mainland coast of India.

• CMPDI – Mapping of 28 major coalfields of the country covering around 30,000 SqKm for Coal India Ltd worth 105.1 Crores.

• NUIS – Mapping of 152 towns of the country for Ministry of Urban Affairs worth : 41.47 Crores. In second phase about 400 towns will be taken up.

• DSSDI – 3-D GIS Mapping of GNCT Delhi is under completion worth 120 Crores.

• ASI – Mapping of 3676 monuments across India is in pipeline, project cost is about 120 Crores.

• NDMA/MoWR – Flood Zone Mapping in 7 states is under progress.• National GIS -Planning commission, DST and SoI major initiatives

MAJOR ONGOING GEOSPATIAL PROJECTS

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES of NUIS Project

• 1:10,000 scale GIS database for Development/ Master Plan of 152 towns using satellite imagery (Cartosat and Resourcesat)

• 1:2,000 scale GIS database for detailed town planning schemes of 152 towns using high resolution remotely sensed data sources (Aerial Photography / High Resolution imagery)

• 1:1,000 scale Utility Maps derived from the 1:2,000 base maps, for 22 towns to be undertaken using Ground Profiling/ Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology

CITIES IDENTIFIED

.

NUIS TOWNS

152

Survey Work in Antarctica

• SOI has been participating in Indian Expedition to Antarctica since 1990-91

• Started Surveying, mapping and scientific studies in Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica

• A new second station is proposed at Larsemann Hills. SOI was asked to prepare the map of that area during 2006-07

• Accordingly Map on 1:2,500 scale has been prepared.

National GIS Objectives

• A seamless nation-wide GIS ready database.• To serve as a platform for G-Gov• State of art Data/Apps hosting environment• Enabling service provision for different user

groups.• To capture and assimilate data owned by public

owned agencies, create a data platform and develop demand driven GIS products to promote G-Gov.

NGIS- Data Asset Building Plan

• To start immediately, NGIS Data Asset will be built based on 1:50k Geospatial data of SoI.

• secondly, this will be replaced/ upscale with 1:10k data

• Advantages:– Meets some immediate requirements and also makes all

agencies of Govt aware of NGIS and it’s importance– Many technical procedures get established – Can be achieved in 1 year time.– Scope for incorporating better methods and ideas for

developing full scale data asset on 1:10k

Development

FeasibilityStudy

Planning & Mobilization

Requirement

Analysis

Gap Analysis

Design & Prototyping

Testing

Evaluation

Deployment at MC & CC

Application Development Process

GeoPortal (Internet/Intranet)

Line Departments

Implemen-tation

MCD

DDA

NDMC

Revenue

DJB

DTL

BSES Rajdhan

i

BSES Yamuna

NDPL

IGL

Fire Service

DTC

PWD

Police

Election Commission Health & Family Welfare

Education

DPCC

DTTDC

Census Dept.

DSIIDC

Irrigation & Flood Control

Dept. of Labour

DMRC

DIMTS

MTNL

Trade & Taxes

Excise & Entertainment & Luxury Tax

Commonwealth Games

Forests

DDMA

Ortho Image

Boundary

Building

Transportation

Utilities

Landuse & Landcover

Cadastre

Multi-layered Geo-spatial Database Multi-layered Geo-spatial Database

Hydrography

Model to Model to analyze and analyze and

predict impact predict impact of events to of events to desired leveldesired level

Data levelData levelCountryCountry

StateState

District District

TalukTaluk

BlockBlock

VillageVillage

Multiple Multiple Scenario Scenario based on based on

data level & data level & eventevent

Horizontally i.e. between organisations, individuals and communities

Hypsography

Framework

SYSTEM ARCHITECTUREGPS Control

5 cm accuracyAero

Triangulation12.5 cm accuracy

Digital Elevation Model

25 cm accuracy

Ortho Photo20 cm

accuracy

Database schema

Delhi Geo Portal

10 Monitoring Centers2 Control Centers

Capacity Building System Design/

Integration

Primary Data Capture

3D Mapping

Property Survey

Utility Survey

UIS & LIS

3D GIS

3D Topology

Texturing

3D Visualisation

3D Rendering

Frame Work

Frame Work

Parabolas indicating underground utilities

Underground Utilities -Water, sewer, gas and all type of cabling Single channel Ground Probing Radar

Multichannel cart radar system-Terra-Vision

6 Feet wide coverageScan grid geometry 5 inch x 1inch

Field Photographs

White model

3D Texturing

3D Texturing & Visualisation

• Creation of highly precise geometric building models from DEM, and stereo captured vector data

• Texture data for building by :– Digital picture capture– Top-texture from satellite images

camera integrated with GPS records time and co-ordinates

MODELING DISASTERGAS PIPE LINE LEAKAGE

BUFFER ZONE

High Risk Area

Medium Risk Area

Low Risk Area

Threat Dome

High risk area

1:10K MAPPING• 1:50,000 scale, it is not possible to depict utility buildings like hospitals,

schools, police stations, post offices etc

• On 1:10,000 scale, all such buildings can be comfortably depicted.

• Microzonation for Disaster Management requires 3D base maps on scale 1:10,000.

• In assessing natural resource endowments, agricultural practices, grazing lands, village forests, which are essential for rural development can be shown on scale 1:10K.

• Security forces expressed need for maps on 1:10K / 5K scale for the whole country.

• Increase of population the cost of land/property is increasing exorbitantly creating Demand for large scale maps and the requirement of the accurate control ,

Re-engineering of 1:50K Data

• Generation of GIS enabled 1:50k foundation data from OSM DTDB database.

• To meet the immediate spatial data requirement of NGIS Version-1.0 to operationalize the NGIS Asset.

• Enable integration of data owned by multiple agencies.

Re-engg of 1: 50k cont……

• The re-engineered data will be transferred to a robust, secure, enterprise level RDBMS like Oracle.

• further processed for delivery as interoperable Web Feature Service (WMS/WFS) in OGC's Geography Mark up Language (GML) version 3.2.1 (ISO 19136:2007) format.

• The metadata information implicit in the annotation layers and auxiliary files associated with the data also will be extracted and structured as per NSDI standards .

• Web Catalog Service is also to be created.

Establishing Data Centres• The production system in SoI is PC based. • Data moves back and forth several times from every

SOI state centers to centers like NGDC and GIS & RS for QA/QC, Cartographic symbolization etc.

• Shipment of data occurs in offline mode – generally in CDs and HDs generating multiple copies of the same data .

• Virtually there are lots of duplication in processes to meet every demand resulting in huge wastage of time, effort and resources.

• Security of data being a manual exercise gets compromised.

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2-D, 3-D GIS READY DATA CENTER

Geo-Portal - Architecture

Intranet

DPCC

Line Departments

Secretariat SOI-

Intranet

IGL NDMC DJB DDA DTL Census

• System Integration, Implementation, Maintenance .• A one-stop geospatial “access” for metadata, data and applications for Line Depts. i.e. Preview,

Access: download images, video, maps & Textual Data.

• Capacity Building for Line Depts. (Training – Senior Management Staff & Technical Staff)

IP Camera

Monitoring Center

Virtual Reference System (VRS)• VRS offers highly accurate, alternate DGPS service as a

solution to positional accuracy problems.• VRS involves Continuously Operating GPS Reference

Stations (CORS), at spacing up to 50 to 60km. CORS feed their GPS data to a central processing computer via a computer network.

• The user makes a mobile phone call into the central processing facility, supplying its approximate position (based on a GPS navigation position) and request for corrections.

• The central processing computer generates corrections as though there is a reference station at the approximate coordinates of the rover's position and the rover is positioned relative to this VRS.

• The Virtual Reference Station (VRS) concept is an extension of the so-called real time kinematic (RTK) technique developed for GPS surveying and other forms of high precision positioning.

• With RTK, one can establish a base (or reference) station at a known point and broadcast the data from the reference station to one or more roving receivers.

• The computer processor at the roving receivers (usually in the hand held data recorder or survey controller) combines the reference station data with the rover data.

• With modern equipment, only a few epochs of data are typically required to fix the ambiguities associated with the GPS phase data observable and compute a GPS baseline; the difference in latitude, longitude and height between the reference and rover positions

Processing & Control Centre

Pilot project for VRS• The location of reference stations has been selected in such a

way that they fall in the most developed areas of the above three states.

• The radial distance between two adjacent stations has been kept within 50 to 60km.

• Total 32 reference stations will be established in the first phase of the project in the three states Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. For establishment of reference station available GCP Phase-I or GCP Phase-II locations will be selected whose coordinates have been computed and standardised with reference to a particular ITRF at a particular epoch.

• The Control station will be located at Geodetic & Research Branch, Survey of India, Dehra Dun.

WAY AHEADSl. No

Target Timelines Deliverables from SOI Status

1.National GIS Version 1.0

18 months

A basic level of National GIS Infrastructure on which the Asset and applications would be hosted would be operational

National Spatial Reference Frame:300 1st order precision GCPs at a spacing of 250 to 300 km. in phase-I completed. 2200 additional precision GCPs at spacing of 30 to 40 km. apart completed. 44,800 lin. Km. H.P. leveling line with establishment of BM at regular interval completed. Network of 36 Tide Gauge Stations already established along the Indian coast.

OSM DTDB on 1:50k completed

A portal (www.survekshan.gov.in) for providing WMS is under process, necessary infrastructure is already in place.

WAY AHEADSl. No Target Timelines Deliverables from SOI Status

2.

National GIS Version 2.0 Mission and INGO

2012-2016

Enhancement & Scaling up of National GIS Version 1.0 with 1:10 K data and 24x7 services and operations

National Spatial Reference Frame: Densification and establishment

of bench mark at 25-30 km. apart by running precision leveling line of 1,00,000 lin. km. connecting already existing GCPs with geo-potential numbers, orthometric height and gravity values to create India Geoid.

Establishing Virtual Reference Station Infrastructure in India by establishing around 500 stations to cover entire country spacing 50-60 km apart.

Maintenance of already established NSRF.

SURVEY

OF

INDIA

Geospatial Solution for All www.surveyofindia.gov.in

Thank you

for your

kind attention