security access system using rfid

8/12/2019 security access system using rfid

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RFID BASED SECURITY ACCESS SYSTEM

Prepared by:-

Arnav Banerji 11/FET/EC/1011

Vinayak Sharma 11/FET/EC/1093

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

Co-ordinated by:-

Ms. Savita

(Assistant ProfessorECE department)


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AIM

The main aim of the project is to make a

simple security access system using Radio

Frequency Identification (RFID) and its

concept is to allow the access only toauthorized persons.


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INTRODUCTION (I)

What is RFID?

RFID is used to automatically identifypeople, objects, and animals using short range

radio technology to communicate digitalinformation between a stationary location(reader) and a movable object (tag).

RFID are just like bar codes, only difference isthat it adds to much more benefits as comparedto bar codes.


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STEPS

The RFID card is kept or swiped in front of the RFID reader Then that person is asked to type his 6 digit password

through keypad interface

If the password is typed correctly, the access is allowed to the

respective person and the door latch opens. If that person swiped the wrong card or didnt type the

password correctly, the buzzer will turn on signifying that the

access is denied and that particular person wontget access to

the door and the door latch will remain closed.


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WHY RFID ARE BETTER THAN USING

BAR CODES?

Bar codes are line-of-sight technology, whichmeans people usually have to orient the barcode towards a scanner for it to be read.Radio frequency identification, by contrast,doesntrequire line of sight.

RFID tags can be read as long as they arewithin range of a reader.

Bar codes have other shortcomings as well. Ifa label is ripped, soiled or falls off, there is noway to scan the item.


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RFID READER

An RFID reader is a devicethat is used to interrogatean RFID tag. The reader hasan antenna that emits radiowaves; the tag responds by

sending back its data.

The reader has two basiccomponents

A scanning antenna

A transceiver with adecoder to interpret thedata


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RFID TAG

A Tag is a transponder whichreceives a radio signal and inresponse to it sends out aradio signal.

Tag contains an antenna, anda small chip that stores a smallamount of data

Tag can be programmed atmanufacture or on installation

Tag is powered by the highpower electromagnetic fieldgenerated by the antennas.

The field allows thechip/antenna to reflect back anextremely weak signal

containing the data.


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HOW IT IS USED?

In the beginning, the user isprompted to scan his tagor ID. It can be doneeither by holding it near

the reader for a while oreven swiped in front ofthe reader. Then afterrecognizing, the readerdetects the card byflashing an LED light for asecond with a beepsound.


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FREQUENCY BAND OF RFID

LF band: 125 and 135 kHz HF band 13.56 MHz

These frequency bands can be used freelyworldwide. The low frequencies here optimizetransmission distance by minimizing free-spacelosses.

UHF band: 915 MHz MW band: 2.4 GHz

These frequency specifications are for the USonly, Europe and Japan have different frequencyspecifications for UHF/MW.


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PASSIVE TAGS AND ACTIVE TAGS

Tag Attributes Passive tags Active tags

Tag Power Energy transferred

from RF to reader

Internal to tag.

Tag Battery Yes No

Availability of

Power

Only in the field of

Radar

Continuous

Required signal

strength to tag

Very High Very Low

Range Up to 3-5M Up to 100M

Multi Tag

Reading

Few hundred

within 300M of

reader

1000s of tags

recognized up to

100mph

Data Storage 128 bytes of R/W 128 bytes of R/W

with sophisticated

search and access


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BLOCK DIAGRAM


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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS(I)

1) AT89C51 Microcontroller

2) RFID Reader and RFID card/tags

3) MAX2324) Keypad Interface

5) PCB Board

6) Resistor


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HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS(II)

7) Capacitor

8) Motor and Motor Driver

9) Light emitting diodes (LEDs)10) 16X2 Alphanumeric LCD Display

11) Buzzer

12) Transistor BC548


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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

1) Keil uvision

2) ProgISP


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APPLICATIONS(I)

The RFID tag can be affixed to an object and used to track andmanage inventory, assets, people, etc. For example, it can beaffixed to cars, computer equipment, books, mobile phones, etc.

RFID is being adopted for item-level retail uses. Aside fromefficiency and product availability gains, the system offers a

superior form of electronic article surveillance (EAS), and asuperior self checkout process for consumers.

An advanced automatic identification technology based on RFIDtechnology has significant value for inventory systems. The systemcan provide accurate knowledge of the current inventory. In anacademic study performed at Wal-Mart, RFID reduced Out-of-

Stocks by 30 percent for products selling between 0.1 and 15 unitsa day. The RFID can also help the company to ensure the securityof the inventory.


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APPLICATIONS(II)

RFID tags are widely used in identification badges, replacing earlier magneticstripe cards. These badges need only be held within a certain distance of thereader to authenticate the holder. Tags can also be placed on vehicles, which canbe read at a distance, to allow entrance to controlled areas without having to stopthe vehicle and present a card or enter an access code.

To prevent retailers diverting products, manufacturers are exploring the use ofRFID tags on promoted merchandise so that they can track exactly which producthas sold through the supply chain at fully discounted prices.

Logistics and transportation are major areas of implementation for RFIDtechnology. Yard management, shipping and freight and distribution centers useRFID tracking technology. In the railroad industry, RFID tags mounted onlocomotives and rolling stock identify the owner, identification number and type ofequipment and its characteristics.

The first RFID passports ("E-passport") were issued by Malaysia in 1998. In additionto information also contained on the visual data page of the passport, Malaysian e-passports record the travel history (time, date, and place) of entries and exits fromthe country.


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FUTURE SCOPE

The value of the RFID market in 2012 will be $7.46 (USD) billion versus$6.37 (USD) billion in 2011. The RFID world market is estimated to surpass$20 billion (USD) by 2014.

Developments in RFID technology continue to yield larger memorycapacities, wider reading ranges, and faster processing. It is highly unlikelythat the technology will ultimately replace barcode even with the

inevitable reduction in raw materials coupled with economies of scale, theintegrated circuit in an RF tag will never be as cost-effective as a barcodelabel. However, RFID will continue to grow in its established niches wherebarcode or other optical technologies are not effective, such as in thechemical container industry and live stock industry.

If some standards commonality is achieved allowing RFID equipment from

different manufacturers to be used interchangeably, the market will likelyto grow exponentially. Until then, the full scope and potential of RFIDtechnology has yet to emerge.


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REFERENCES

http://www.engineersgarage.com/microcontroller/8051projects/rfid-secured-access-system-at89c51-circuit

http://www.projectsof8051.com/rfid-based-security-system/

[IEEE] WEBSITE :-https://www.ieee.org/about/technologies/emerging/rfid.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

www.emory.edu/BUSINESS/et/rfid/future.html


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MILESTONE

S.NO MONTH/DATE/WEEK WORK DONE TILL DATE

1. 17/3/2014-24/3/2014 FORMATION OF GROUP

2. 26/3/2014-31/3/2014 PROJECT WAS DECIDED

3. 1/4/2014-16/4/2014 WORKED ON THE SYNOPSIS

4. 2/4/2014-16/4/2014 COLLECTED INFORMATION

REGARDING SYNOPSIS

5. 16/4/2014-18/4/2014 COLLECTED INFORMATION

FOR PRESENTATION

6. 19/4/2014-24/4/2014 STARTED MAKING

PRESENTAION

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
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security access system using rfid

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