Sematic Web

8/3/2019 Sematic Web

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Sematic WebGroup Members:Muhammad Sadiq

Kashif

Kanwal Daud

Muhammad Muneeb


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Agenda

Introduction

Problem

Solution

Solution Details Application

Summary


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Introduction


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What is Semantic?

Every Language has its own Syntax andSemantics.

?


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What is Semantic?

Syntax is Study of Grammar!

Semantics is study of meaning

Syntax : How to say something

Semantic : Is meaning Behind what yousay


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What is Semantic?

X+=y

x=x+y

So both Semantic and syntax about communicationall about communication


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WEB ?

System of Interlinked Documents accessed viaInternet

Web Browser Use Http to Communicate with webServers

View Web Pages , Use Hyperlinks to Navigate. Easy to Access


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First Era Called Web 1.0

Next Generation Web 2.0

Ajax

Video Sharing

Social Media

Forums, blogs

Interactive Chat Forums

Audio Video Chats

Multimedia Stuff

Etc.


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Web 2.0 Sharing Picture, Videos, multimedia stuff Interacting over social media

Publishing ,blogs, web portals Business, Ecommerce ,Ebay ,Amazon Contributing to knowledge e.g Wiki

Hence more interactive


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Problem

Data on internet is around 500 billion GBs

Search Engine Query Return thousands ofrecords


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Problem Cont..

Web Pages are written in HTML

HTML Describe Structure

HTML Describe Syntax not Sematics


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Problem Cont..

If Computer can understand meaningbehind the information

They can learn what we are intrested in

They can help us better find what we need The is really sematic web about


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Problem continue..

Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre

Welcome to the Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre home page.Do you feel pain? Have you hadan injury? Let our staff Lisa Davenport, Kelly Townsend (our lovely secretary) and SteveMatthews take care of your body and soul.

Consultation hours

Mon 11am - 7pm

Tue 11am - 7pm

Wed 3pm - 7pm

Thu 11am - 7pm

Fri 11am - 3pm

But note that we do not offer consultation during the weeks of the

State Of Origin games.


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Problem Continue..

Physiotherapy

Agilitas Physiotherapy Centre

Lisa Davenport

Steve Matthews

Kelly Townsend

Do not convey the meaning

Exchange of XML documents over the Web


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Solution

Top Down

Information Analysis, Web Scraping, Naturallanguage Processing

Expensive , hard to maintain , human

intervention, legal issues

Bottom Up

Embed Semantic annotation into data


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Solution Details

A famous solution is given by Tim Berners Leeproposed a nine layer architectures


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Layered Architecture

Unicode

universal character encoding standard

Unicode provides a unique number for everycharacter, no matter what the platform, no

matter what the program, no matter what thelanguageFdsfs


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Layered Arch..

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compactstring of characters used to identify or name aresource on the Internet.

urn:def://blue_laserhttp://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htm
http://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htmhttp://www.whatis.com/bluelase.htm


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Layered Arch..

URL is a sub-type of URI, so if somethingis a URL then it is also a URI, but otherway is not possible

URN, the user only needs to know thename of a resource

. A URN is associated with anotherconcept called Uniform ResourceCharacteristics (URC)


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Layered Architecture.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is general-purpose specification for creating custom markuplanguages. It is classified as an extensiblelanguage because it allows its users to define theirown elements. Its primary purpose is to helpinformation systems share structured data

Tove

Jani

ReminderDon't forget me this weekend!


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XML Name Space

XML namespace is a collection of Names(identified by a URI) used in XML document aselement types and attribute names.

When using prefixes in XML, a so-callednamespace for the prefix must be defined.

The namespace is defined by the xmlnsattribute in the start tag of an element. Thenamespace declaration has the following

syntax. xmlns:prefix="URI".


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ApplesBananas


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RDF Resource description framework actuallycreates the metadata about the document as asingle entity, i.e. the author of the document, itscreation date, its type etc.

RDF is the first language developed especially forthe Semantic Web. Its purpose was to addMachine-readable metadata to existing data on theWeb. RDF uses XML for its serialization in order torealize the layering depicted in the Semantic Weblanguage layer cake


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.

http://www.student.com/ali ASSIGNMENT

a basic RDF statement showing relationbetween a resource and a string literal.


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Ontology Vocabulary

It is main layer consisting of hierarchicaldistribution of important concepts in the domainand describing about the properties. Some

basic ontology languages are OWL, DAML-ONT and DAML+OIL etc.


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Digital Signature

Digital Signature Support the notion of trust. TheDSS (Digital Signature Standard) is a cryptographicstandard or a particular application of public keycryptography promulgated by NIST (National Institute

of Standards and Technology)

Semantic Web a digital signature is a mechanismused to unambiguously verify an identity such as theauthor of a document

XMLDSig will be used in many phases of semantic

knowledge management systems, such as theauthenticity verification for retrieved/updatedknowledge and involved intermediaries, amongothers


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Digital Signature

Is to digitally sign the document

Encryption can be applied to preventunauthorized access


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Logic

A logic framework provides a well-establishedformal semantics which assigns unambiguousmeaning to logical statements.

the positioning of this layer represents the notion thata richer logical language should be provided on topof the Ontology language, which provides additionalmechanisms for the capturing of reasoningformalisms.


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Proof

Proof Goal is to make the smarter content, so tomake machine understandable

To support Semantic Web proof scenarios,proof languages were developed. A prooflanguage determines the validity of a specificstatement

A proof language is simply a language that isused to prove whether or not a specicstatement is true


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Trust

This is the top most layer, where thetrustworthiness of information to be subjectivelyevaluated

Within the Semantic Web the concepts trustand proof are dependent on the interactioncontext


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Trust

A user on the Semantic Web receives data from a friendregarding the best music performances. The data can betrusted as it originates from a known (implying veried)friend, whose musical interests are familiar. It is thus

possible to use the data because the user either shares ordisagrees with the musical tastes of the friend.

context therefore assists applications or users regarding thtrustworthiness and usefulness of information

The information context would therefore create anconceptual environment where the Semantic Web operateand interact intuitively, without having to rely on complexauthentication and checking


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Application

Knowledge Management

E-Commerce

Biosciences and Medical Applications

Machine Learning

eScience

Information Extraction

Grid Computing

Peer-to-Peer Systems eGovernment


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Application

Ambient Intelligence

Cognitive Systems

Data Integration

Multimedia Data Management Software Engineering

Cognitive Systems


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Projects

DBpedia

FOAF

GoodRelations for e-commerce

SIOC SIMILE

NextBio

ANTOM

Linking Open Data

OpenPSI

GoPubMed


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Linked Data

The Linking Open Data project is a W3C-ledeffort to create openly accessible, andinterlinked, RDF Data on the Web. The data inquestion takes the form of RDF DataSets drawn from a broad collection of datasources. There is a focus on the LinkedData style of publishing RDF on the Web.

Components URIs

HTTP

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Serialization formats (RDFa, RDF/XML, N3, Turtle, andothers)


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Open Linked Data

The goal of the W3C Semantic Web Education andOutreach group's Linking Open Data community

project is to extend the Web with a data commonsby publishing various open datasets as RDF on theWeb and by setting RDF links between data itemsfrom different data sources.

In October 2007, datasets consisted of over two billion

RDF triples, which were interlinked by over two millionRDF links. By September 2011 this had grown to 31billion RDF triples, interlinked by around 504 million RDFlinks. There is also an interactive visualization of thelinked data sets to browse through the cloud.


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Standards

Standardization for Semantic Web in thecontext of Web 3.0 is under the care ofW3C

Components

The term "Semantic Web" is often used morespecifically to refer to the formats andtechnologies that enable it.

These technologies are specified as W3C

standards and include:


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Standards

Resource Description Framework (RDF), ageneral method for describing information

RDF Schema (RDFS)

Simple Knowledge Organization

System (SKOS) SPARQL, an RDF query language

Notation3 (N3), designed with human-readability in mind

N-Triples, a format for storing and transmitting

data Turtle (Terse RDF Triple Language)

Web Ontology Language (OWL), a family ofknowledge representation languages


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Future


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Reference

Wikipedia

W3C

A Semantic Web Primer by Grigoris

Antoniou and Frank van Harmelen Semantic Web Technologies. By Aurona

Gerber , Dr Alta van der Merwe, Prof.Andries Barnard


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THANKS


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Notes

Application of web: projects being developedd

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