Semester 1, Day 10 Body Systems. Agenda Complete Homework Review for Quiz Turn in Homework Take...

Semester 1, Day 10

Body Systems

Agenda Complete Homework Review for Quiz Turn in Homework Take Quiz Lecture on Body Systems Work/Reading Time

Complete Homework

12.1 #1-5

12.2 #1-5

12.3 #1-5

Chapter 12 Assessment # 1-18, 20-25

Review for Quiz

Homozygous Dominant, Heterozygous, Homozygous Recessive

What is a carrier? (Related to recessive genetic disorders and to

X-linked disorders)

Recessive Genetic Disorders

Dominant Genetic Disorders

Incomplete Dominance

Codominance

Multiple Alleles

X-Linked Traits

Why can a male NOT be a carrier for an X-linked trait?

Turn in Homework

Questions:

12.1 #1-5

12.2 #1-5

12.3 #1-5

Chapter 12 Assessment # 1-18, 20-25

Take Quiz

Silent while taking quiz

Eyes on your own paper

Flip over when you are finished

Talk to a Neighbor If you had to live without one of the following

body systems, which would it be? Circulatory (heart and blood) Respiratory (lungs, breathing, talking) Digestive (eating) Urinary (urinating) Reproductive (reproducing) Skeletal (structure of your body) Nervous (the five senses) Muscular (movement)

Physiology

• Group of similar cellsTissue

• Group of tissues acting as a unitOrgan

• Group of organs that perform a specific taskOrgan System

• Living individualOrganism

• Basic unit of lifeCell Physiology: The

biological study

of the functions

of living

organisms and

their parts.

Today’s Body Systems

Circulatory System:

circulates blood throughout

the body, which delivers

nutrients to cells and

removes waste from cells.

Respiratory System: takes

in oxygen and gives off

carbon dioxide

Circulatory System Blood: The red liquid that

moves through the body,

carrying oxygen to and carbon

dioxide from cells

Blood Vessels: tube-like

structures that carry blood to

and from cells

Heart: pumps blood throughout

the entire body

Circulatory System Blood

Transport oxygen to cells, take carbon dioxide away from cells

Create blood clots to prevent bleedingYellowish fluid that

contains blood cells

Fight infections (immune system)

Circulatory System Blood Vessels Small, thin blood vessels in

tissue that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move to and from cells

Heart

LUNGS

BODY

Left Ventricle

Aorta Body

Vena Cava

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary ArteryLungs

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Respiratory System IMPORTANT CONNECTION: The blood in the

circulatory system gets oxygen from and releases carbon dioxides using the respiratory system

LUNGS

BODY

Respiratory System

• Respiratory System: System responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Respiratory System: System responsible for supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide.


Dust

Pollen

Particulates

Bacteria

Viruses

Spores

Dust

Pollen

Particulates

Bacteria

Viruses

Spores



Dust

Pollen

Particulates

Bacteria

Viruses

Spores

Dust

Pollen

Particulates

Bacteria

Viruses

Spores

Mucous


• Your nose produces close to a liter of mucous a day.– Most gets swept into the esophagus by tiny

hairs called cilia in your nasal cavity.




Esophagus




Esophagus Nose



Trapped in the Mucous





Particles trapped in mucous


Cool Dry Air


Cool Dry Air

Warm Moist Mucous


Cool Dry Air

Warm Moist Mucous

Warmer Moist Air


Cool Dry Air

Warm Moist Mucous

Warmer Moist Air

To Nasal Cavity




Blood Vessels

in Nasal Cavity

Blood Vessels

in Nasal Cavity

Cooler Dry Air


Blood Vessels

in Nasal Cavity

Cooler Dry Air Warmer Moist Air


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.– Warms the Air.


• Nasal Cavity– Filters Particles.– Moistens the Air.– Warms the Air.


• Activity! Try and swallow and breath at the same time? – Could you do it?


• Activity! Try and swallow and breath at the same time? – Could you do it? No, because your epiglottis

closed during the swallowing reflex.


• Activity!


• Activity!– Open your mouth and breath through your

nose.



nose.– Pinch your nose shut while you are breathing.– What happened?



nose.– Pinch your nose shut while you are breathing.– What happened? Your air is quickly shut off.

Your epiglottis closed ensuring that only air is going to your lungs (Protection).


• Drowning is death from asphyxia due to suffocation caused by a liquid entering the lungs and preventing the absorption of oxygen.


• Drowning is death from asphyxia due to suffocation caused by a liquid entering the lungs and preventing the absorption of oxygen. – Leads to a lack of oxygen to the brain.


Epiglottis: A flap that covers the windpipe when swallowing food.


Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Trachea to Lungs

Epiglottis

Trachea to Lungs

Esophagus to stomach

Epiglottis

Trachea to Lungs


Epiglottis

Trachea to Lungs


Larynx and vocal cords.

Males have a larger Larynx than females.

Larynx: Opening to the lungs; holds the vocal cords.


Larynx: Opening to the lungs; holds the vocal cords.


The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.


• The size of the larynx and length of the vocal cords determines pitch.





Females have a higher pitch because they have shorter vocal cords.







Males have a deeper voice because they have larger vocal cords.


• Boys and girls vocal cords are the same size until a boys teenage years where the cords grow and his voice changes.


• Boys and girls vocal cords are the same size until a boys teenage years where the cords grow and his voice changes.


Trachea

• Activity! Run your fingers up and down along the front of your neck to feel for the trachea.– It would feel like a vacuum cleaner hose.


Trachea: Tube that carries air to your lungs (windpipe)


Trachea: Tube that carries air to your lungs (windpipe)Cartilage rings


• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?


• Why would these rings be made of cartilage?– Answer: The cartilage rings are flexible

enough so you can bend your neck,



enough so you can bend your neck, but at the same time they keep the air passage open.




Flexible and stays open, much like trachea









Not flexible

The Bronchus

Bronchus: Airway that conducts air into the lungs.



Right Bronchi



Right Bronchi Left Bronchi


Lungs: Balloon-like organs that remove carbon dioxide and give oxygen to the blood.


Lungs: Balloon-like organs that remove carbon dioxide and give oxygen to the blood.


Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood.




Carbon Dioxide Out



Carbon Dioxide Out Oxygen In

Diaphragm: Muscle that contracts and relaxes during inhalation and exhalation.


Diaphragm: Muscle that contracts and relaxes during inhalation and exhalation.


• As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out allowing your chest to expand and allows more air to flow into your lungs.– Air pressure decrease, air then rushes into

your lungs.


• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases.– Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of

your lungs.


• As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases.– Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of

your lungs.


Reading/Work Time Read 37.1 and 37.2 Questions:

37.1 #1, 2, 4, 5 37.2 #1-5

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Semester 1, Day 10 Body Systems. Agenda Complete Homework Review for Quiz Turn in Homework Take...

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