1. A presentation by Adarsh Pattanaik Shaswat Ranjan Jena Asim
Kumar Das Abhilash Mishra PROJECT PROPONENT Prof. Shashank Shekhar
Pujari Director, SUIIT Jyoti Vihar Burla PROJECT GUIDE Asst. Prof.
Shantanu Kumar Dash SUIIT Jyoti Vihar Burla
2. Forensic science (often known as forensics) is the
application of a broad spectrum of sciences and technologies to
investigate situations after the fact, and to establish what
occurred based on collected evidence. This is especially important
in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal
or civil law, but forensics are also carried out in other fields,
such as astronomy, archeology, biology and geology to investigate
ancient times. The Forensics getting more efficient and accurate
with time has evolved into several intricate criminalistics namely
Ballistics , Ballistics fingerprinting , Body Identification ,
Fingerprint analysis , Forensic accounting , Toxicology , Glove
print analysis , Palm print analysis , Questioned document
examination , Vein matching , Polygraph and Brain Fingerprinting
Technology
3. The Science of Forensics is further classified into several
broad divisions namely Computer Forensics Forensic Data Analysis
Mobile Device Forensics Network Forensics Forensics of Video/Audio
Arson Detection Forensic Statistics Vehicular Accident
Reconstruction
4. Brain Fingerprinting is a new computer based Forensic
technology to identify the perpetrators of a crime accurately and
scientifically by measuring brain wave responses to crime relevant
words or pictures or similar stimuli presented on a computer screen
. Based on the principle that the brain is central to all human
responses , Brain fingerprinting has proven 100% accurate in a
range of patterned tests including tests for the CIA , INTERPOL and
the RAW.
5. Crime scene evidence collection. Brain evidence collection.
Computer evidence analysis. Analysis of the scientific result and
inference. The sequence of the methods is overlaid as The
electrical signal known as P300 is emitted from an individuals
brain , beginning approximately 300 ms after it is confronted with
a stimulus of special significance . The application of this in
method is to detect the P300 as a response to stimuli. The system
doesnt require the subject to issue verbal responses to questions
or stimuli as in the famed and popular Polygraph. It uses cognitive
brain responses , and doesnt depend either on emotions of the
subjects Or emotional responses .
6. The P300 wave is an Event Related Potential (ERP) which can
be recorded via Electroencephalography (EEG) as a positive
deflection in voltage at a latency of roughly 300 1000msec in the
EEG when a person is exposed to a rare but meaningful information.
The P300 signal is an aggregate recording from a great many number
of neurons. P300 waveform must be evoked using a stimulus delivered
by one of the sensory modalities. The presence , magnitude ,
topography and timing of this signal are often used as metrics of
cognitive functions in decision making processes. While the neural
substrates of this ERP component still remains hazy the
reproducibility and ubiquity of this signal makes it a common
choice for psychological tests in both clinical and laboratorial
studies.
7. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of
electrical activities produced by the brain as recorded from
electrodes placed on the scalp . Scalp EEG is collected from
multiple electrodes positioned on different locations at the
surface of the head . EEG signals (in range of milli volts ) are
amplified and digitalized for later processing
8. Scalp EEG activity oscillates at multiple frequencies having
different characteristics spatial distributions associated with
different states of brain functioning such as walking and sleeping.
These oscillations represent synchronized activities over a network
of neurons . The subject is made to wear a special headband with
electronic sensors and/or a custom made set of galvanic skin
sensors that measure the EEG from several locations of the
epidermis of the subject. The subject is subjected to a series of
stimuli based on which inference is drawn from the mapped
responses. The stimuli are broadly defined as Irrelevant : Stimuli
irrelevant to the investigated situation and to the subject. Target
: Stimuli relevant to the investigated situation and are known to
the subject. Probe: Stimuli relevant to the investigated situation
and the subject denies knowing.
9. Informational Evidence Detection The detection of concealed
information stored in the brain of suspect ,witnesses intelligence
sources and others. It is of central concern to all phases of law
enforcements , government , private investigations and intelligence
operations. The Brain Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted
Electroencephalographic Response (MERMER) : Brain Fingerprinting
utilizes multifaceted encephalographic response analysis (MERA) to
detect information stored in a human brain . The MERMER is elicited
when an individual recognizes and processes an incoming stimulus
that is significant or noteworthy . When an irrelevant stimulus is
subjected it is insignificant and not noteworthy and the MERMER
response is absent
10. The MERMER occurs within about a second after the stimulus
is subjected and can be readily detected using EEG amplifiers and a
computerized signal detection algorithm. The MERMER establishes a
baseline brain response for information that is insignificant to
the subject . Some of the non target are relevant to the situation
that the subject is being tested for . These stimuli , probes , are
relevant to the test and are significant to the subject and will
elicit a MERMER , signifying that that the subject has understood
the stimuli to be significant. A subject lacking this information
in their brain , the response to the probe stimuli will be
indistinguishable from the irrelevant stimulus . This response
doesnt elicit a MERMER , indicating that the information is absent
in their mind. This test is entirely reliant upon recognition of
response to the stimuli , and relies upon a difference in
recognition .
11. Thermal imaging is a method of determining how much heat is
radiated by individual areas of the brain . These hot spots and
cold spots appear on a computerized image of the brain as Red or
Blue areas respectively . These areas are displayed by means of
infrared photography . Its the same sort of concept thats
instrumental in the functioning of night vision goggles used by the
military .
12. National security and Internal embodiment of law and order
. Medical diagnosis: Detects the MERMER brain wave in the cases of
Alzheimer's . Advertising and market analysis :Brain fingerprinting
allows advertisers to determine what information from an
advertisement is retained in the memory . What elements catches the
attention of consumers and what type of media is most
effective.
13. State Frequency Range State of Mind Delta 0.5Hz-4Hz Deep
Sleep Theta 4Hz-8Hz Drowsiness Alpha 8Hz-14Hz Relaxed but alert
Beta 14Hz-30Hz Highly alert and focused Standard Frequency Patterns
of Brain Waves
14. Bibliography 1. Farwell LA (1994) Method and apparatus for
multifaceted electroencephalographic response analysis (MERA). U.S.
Patent 2. Farwell LA, Smith SS (2001) Using brain MERMER testing to
detect concealed knowledge despite efforts to conceal. J Forensic
Sci 3. Polich, J. (1999). P300 in clinical applications. In E.
Nieder-meyer and F. Lopes da Silva, eds.Electroencephalo-graphy:
Basic principles, clinical applications and related fields, 4th Ed.
(pp. 10731091). Baltimore-Munich: Urban & Schwarzenberg . And
many more
15. Project Pitfalls Unavailability of licensed tools and
LabVIEW toolkits. Financial setback in acquiring real biomedical
standard equipment. Lacunae of biomedical expertise. Combating the
setbacks Employing virtual channels to attain the requirements of
the project standards Simulating the biomedical toolkits Extensive
research and literature survey
16. Thank you for sparing your precious time.. We extend our
heartiest gratitude to SUIIT for organizing the NI LabVIEW workshop
and acquiring the licenses of the product , without which our ideas
and research perhaps could not have been materialized into
reality.