Senior Thesis Presentation Carey L. Steckler April 14, 2005 Highland Elementary School Ambridge Area...

Senior Thesis PresentationSenior Thesis Presentation

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. StecklerApril 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary Highland Elementary SchoolSchool

Ambridge Area School DistrictAmbridge Area School DistrictAmbridge, PennsylvaniaAmbridge, Pennsylvania

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. Steckler Highland Elementary Highland Elementary SchoolSchool

April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary School

• New 78,880 SF facilityNew 78,880 SF facility

• Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company)Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company)

• Foreman Architects EngineersForeman Architects Engineers

• $14.7 million project cost$14.7 million project cost

• Constructed April 2003 - August 2004Constructed April 2003 - August 2004

• Minimal change orders & few claimsMinimal change orders & few claims

Highland E.S.Highland E.S.

Thesis StudiesThesis Studies

ConstructionConstructionManagementManagementDepthDepth

Lighting/Lighting/ElectricalElectricalBreadthBreadth

MechanicalMechanicalBreadthBreadth

Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts


April 14, 2005April 14, 2005


• Two issues facing public school districts:Two issues facing public school districts:Delivery Methods & DaylightingDelivery Methods & Daylighting

• Three studies:Three studies:

– Construction Management Depth:Construction Management Depth:Project Delivery Methods in Public Schools of Project Delivery Methods in Public Schools of PAPA

– Lighting/Electrical Breadth:Lighting/Electrical Breadth:Facade Redesign & DaylightingFacade Redesign & Daylighting

– Mechanical Breadth:Mechanical Breadth:Impact of Façade RedesignImpact of Façade Redesign








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Organizational ChartOrganizational Chart

FOREMANARCHITECT

SENGINEER

S

FOREMANARCHITECT

SENGINEER

S

FOREMANPROGRAM &CONSTRUCTI

ONMANAGERS

FOREMANPROGRAM &CONSTRUCTI

ONMANAGERS

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

HVACHVACGENERALGENERAL

PLUMBINGPLUMBING

ROOFINGROOFING

FLOORINGFLOORING

ENTRANCESENTRANCES

WINDOWSWINDOWS

DRYWALLDRYWALL

CERAMIC TILE

CERAMIC TILE

FOOD SERVICEFOOD

SERVICE

PAINTINGPAINTING

DISPLAY BDS

DISPLAY BDS

FIRE PROTECT

FIRE PROTECT

CASEWORKCASEWORK

LIBRARY CSWK

LIBRARY CSWK

Multiple Prime Multiple Prime ContractsContracts

Construction Construction Management Management

AgencyAgency

GENERALGENERAL

ELECTRICALELECTRICAL

HVACHVAC

PLUMBINGPLUMBING








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

• PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000

• 32 waivers granted for PA public school 32 waivers granted for PA public school construction projects (with project costs greater construction projects (with project costs greater than $3 million)than $3 million)

• = 16% of all waivers granted= 16% of all waivers granted

• Waivers specifically for single prime deliveryWaivers specifically for single prime delivery

• Not 32 single prime school projects in PANot 32 single prime school projects in PA

Separation of ContractsSeparation of Contracts

• Multiple prime requirement – 5 U.S. statesMultiple prime requirement – 5 U.S. statesHighland E.S.Highland E.S.







April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Project Delivery MethodsProject Delivery Methodsin Public Schools of PAin Public Schools of PA

• GoalGoal

– Is single prime most effective delivery method Is single prime most effective delivery method forforPA public school projects?PA public school projects?

– Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement?the separation of contracts requirement?

• MethodologyMethodology

– Research single prime projects and the Research single prime projects and the mandatemandatewaiver program.waiver program.

– Survey personnel at school districts with Survey personnel at school districts with experienceexperiencein single prime projects.in single prime projects.








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Why a Survey?Why a Survey?

• ““The waiver will allow the school to…operate in a The waiver will allow the school to…operate in a more effective, efficient or economical manner.” more effective, efficient or economical manner.”

• Waiver applications—support single prime position Waiver applications—support single prime position with opinions of industry players.with opinions of industry players.

• Claim benefit to school district in 5 areas:Claim benefit to school district in 5 areas:Schedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and LitigationSchedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and Litigation

• Surveyed personnel at school districts with Surveyed personnel at school districts with waiverswaivers








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

School District Survey ResultsSchool District Survey Results

AreaArea

Believed Believed Project Project

Benefited from Single from Single

ContractContract

Believed Believed Project Project Did Not Benefit from Single from Single

ContractContract

Unsure If If Project Project

Benefited Benefited from Single from Single

ContractContractBudgetBudget 55 11 11

SchedulSchedulee

33 11 33

QualityQuality 66 00 11

SafetySafety 66 11 00

LitigatioLitigationn

66 00 11

How did a single prime contract impact these five How did a single prime contract impact these five areas?areas?








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

School District Survey ResultsSchool District Survey Results

• Benefit in 4 of 5 areasBenefit in 4 of 5 areas

• Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule Benefit to budget? Benefit to budget?

• Response from 33% of school districtsResponse from 33% of school districts

– 2003-2004 Study at Univ. of Pittsburgh2003-2004 Study at Univ. of Pittsburgh

• Single prime = less frequent litigationSingle prime = less frequent litigation

• Multiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/dayMultiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/day

• Different delivery methods suitable forDifferent delivery methods suitable fordifferent owners is desirabledifferent owners is desirable








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

ConclusionsConclusions

• Is single prime most effective delivery method forIs single prime most effective delivery method forPA public school projects?PA public school projects?

– Cannot confirm that it is “most effective”Cannot confirm that it is “most effective”

+ Benefits have been seen in some casesBenefits have been seen in some cases

• Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement?separation of contracts requirement?

+ Allows delivery method most suitable to ownerAllows delivery method most suitable to owner

– Little guidance given to school districts, should Little guidance given to school districts, should come from an organization representing their come from an organization representing their interestsinterests








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Front Façade & EntranceFront Façade & Entrance

• Goal: Create alternative classroom wing façade Goal: Create alternative classroom wing façade design to increase daylight levels, reducing design to increase daylight levels, reducing energy demand.energy demand.








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

CAD Model of As-BuiltCAD Model of As-Built








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

CAD Model of AlternativeCAD Model of Alternative

11stst & 2 & 2ndnd Floor window area increased by Floor window area increased by 88%88%33rdrd Floor window area increased by Floor window area increased by 142%142%








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Daylight StudyDaylight Study

• Daylight Study for as-built and alternative designDaylight Study for as-built and alternative design

• AGI32 parametersAGI32 parameters

– 10AM & 2PM on 1510AM & 2PM on 15thth of April, August, December of April, August, December

– Overcast, party cloudy, clear conditionsOvercast, party cloudy, clear conditions

– Reflectances of materials as installedReflectances of materials as installed

– Electric lighting in different on/off Electric lighting in different on/off configurationsconfigurations

– Pendant mounted lighting fixtures as installed, Pendant mounted lighting fixtures as installed, direct/indirect, (3) 32W fluorescent lampsdirect/indirect, (3) 32W fluorescent lamps








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Results – South RoomResults – South Room

Windows Windows

As BuiltAs Built Alternative Alternative DesignDesign

15 Aug, 2:00PM, clear sky, no electric lighting15 Aug, 2:00PM, clear sky, no electric lighting








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Annual Energy Savings in TypicalAnnual Energy Savings in TypicalSouth-Facing ClassroomSouth-Facing Classroom








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Analysis SummaryAnalysis Summary








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

American Bridge Company American Bridge Company WorksWorks

Ohio RiverOhio River

Architectural InterestArchitectural Interest








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Effects on Mechanical SystemEffects on Mechanical System

• Unit VentilatorUnit VentilatorSystem inSystem inClassroom WingClassroom Wing

• 3 Steps to3 Steps tosizing a UV:sizing a UV:• OAOA• Loads (HAP)Loads (HAP)• CirculationCirculation

• Critical—cooling load in south classroomsCritical—cooling load in south classrooms

• UV selection based on cfm delivered to spaceUV selection based on cfm delivered to space








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Effects on Mechanical SystemEffects on Mechanical System

• UV model specified throughout classrooms meet UV model specified throughout classrooms meet requirements of alternative designrequirements of alternative design

• OA requirement unchangedOA requirement unchanged

• Cooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 Cooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 BTU/hrBTU/hr

• 350-450 cfm per ton of cooling load350-450 cfm per ton of cooling load

• Effects on mechanical system do not prevent Effects on mechanical system do not prevent success of proposed façade redesign.success of proposed façade redesign.








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005


• Dispelled personal misconceptionsDispelled personal misconceptions

• Met goals & made conclusionsMet goals & made conclusions

– Utilization of single & multiple prime delivery Utilization of single & multiple prime delivery should continue for PA public school projects should continue for PA public school projects

– Mandate waiver program is useful, but more Mandate waiver program is useful, but more guidance should be available to school districtsguidance should be available to school districts

– Façade redesign is not a good Façade redesign is not a good recommendation, mainly because of impact to recommendation, mainly because of impact to architecturearchitecture








April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

Dr. David RileyDr. David Riley

We think of the effective teachers we have had We think of the effective teachers we have had over the years with a sense of recognition, but over the years with a sense of recognition, but those who have touched our humanity we those who have touched our humanity we remember with a deep sense of gratitude. (Anon.)remember with a deep sense of gratitude. (Anon.)

Foreman Program & Construction ManagersForeman Program & Construction Managers

School District personnel across PennsylvaniaSchool District personnel across Pennsylvania

PA Dept. of Education personnel, esp. Ms. Mary PA Dept. of Education personnel, esp. Ms. Mary DixonDixon

Linda Lewis, Brad Cordek, Andy Kauffman, et al.Linda Lewis, Brad Cordek, Andy Kauffman, et al.







Senior Thesis PresentationSenior Thesis Presentation

Carey L. StecklerCarey L. StecklerApril 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Highland Elementary Highland Elementary SchoolSchool

Ambridge Area School DistrictAmbridge Area School DistrictAmbridge, PennsylvaniaAmbridge, Pennsylvania


April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

Opportunity Missed?Opportunity Missed?

• Mt. Lebanon School District, PittsburghMt. Lebanon School District, Pittsburgh

• Waiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on Waiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on seven schools in districtseven schools in district

• With single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of With single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of construction costsconstruction costs

• $40 million $40 million $1.5 to $2.5 million savings $1.5 to $2.5 million savings

• Litigation against other school districts utilizing Litigation against other school districts utilizing waiverswaivers

• Chose not to use multiple prime waiverChose not to use multiple prime waiver


April 14, 2005April 14, 2005

First Floor Plan

Highland Elementary SchoolHighland Elementary School

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