Service Safety Quality Innovation

Service Safety Quality Innovation

Assessment of Corrosion under Insulation

and Engineered Composite Wraps using

Pulsed Eddy Current Techniques.

• Introductions

• Brief overview of TRAC Oil & Gas Ltd.

• Factors affecting Probability of Detection - Review

• Perceived current challenges

• NDT methods to be verified – Overview and work

carried out to date:

• Radiography,

• Pulsed Eddy-Current (PEC)

Presentation Outline

Established in 1999:

Incorporated in Scotland,

based initially in Aberdeen.

10 years of growth & diversification.

2009 creation of group & subsidiary companies.

Group turnover circa £50m.

Steady state and controlled growth for initial 10

years, accelerated growth following 2009

reorganisation.

TRAC Oil & Gas:

Turnover circa £15m

Rope Access

Engineering Support

Inspection & Testing

Remote Inspection

Marine Class Survey

& Repair

Mechanical &

Electrical Trades

Rigging & Lifting

Fabric Maintenance

Fire Protection

Systems

Training

Services

JOINT ICORR/IOM3 EVENT, ABERDEEN BRANCH, TUESDAY 28TH NOVEMBER, 2017

Accreditations & Approvals

ISO 9001: 2008 ISO 14001: 2004 ISO 18001: 2007 ISO 17020:2012

Full Member

Accreditations

Memberships & Affiliations

Class Approvals & Hull Thickness Measurement Approvals

402a 402b


Perceived Current Challenges

In-Service Inspection relative to:

• Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI)

• Evaluation of Remaining Wall Thickness

under Blisters/Surface Scabs

• Inspection of and through Composite

Engineered Wraps

JOINT ICORR/IOM3 EVENT, ABERDEEN BRANCH, TUESDAY 28TH NOVEMBER, 2017 7

Competency of the Company & Personnel

Well developed and verified procedures

Appropriate Acceptance Criteria

Effective scanning of the component -

• Area of the reflecting surface

Orientation of the defect

Shape of the defect

Factors Affecting Probability

of Detection (POD)


The Owner / End User is the responsible party irrespective of

any construction / maintenance / consultancy contracts etc. that

might be in force)

The Owner / End User verifies that the NDT Contractor

(Employer) is competent to carry out the contractual

requirements.

The Employer is responsible for ensuring Inspection Personnel

meet the competency requirements of the contract.

Who Decides What to Use?

Compliance Responsibility - Roles &

Responsibilities


The inspection body should demonstrate that it has management

control over the following stages in order to demonstrate that it

has the personnel necessary to undertake the range of inspection

activities covered by its scope of accreditation:

Identify the range of inspection activities,

Identify the competence required for each activity,

Train & assess against the competence criteria,

Authorise persons for activities under appropriate supervision,

Monitor performance of persons to re-assess competence

Inspection Bodies

Companies accredited in accordance with:

ISO/IEC 17020:2012


What are we looking for &

how do we know we will find it?

This is the pre-requisite for all Inspection /

NDT activities.

Identify what the degradation process is likely to be and apply

the most appropriate method/technique to find and quantify it.

Verify the procedure under site conditions – coating / surface

condition, real degradation – not artificial flaws or verify that

the artificial flaws truly represent the expected degradation.

NDT personnel competent to carry out the activities?

Certification is not a measure of competence

Project consists of:

• Market survey and evaluation of Pulsed Eddy-Current

equipment available.

• Source relevant in-service samples with typical and varied

degradation

• In-House research to be verified by competent Third Parties

• Research and source suitable additional and/or alternatives

to Pulsed Eddy-current techniques

• Research and trial suggested innovative methods

Project Outline

Market survey and evaluation of Pulsed

Eddy-Current equipment available.

In total three (3) Pulsed Eddy-Current systems were

evaluated.

Two systems were found to be relevant to our project.

These were Eddyfi Lyft and Maxwell PECT


Eddyfi LYFT Instrument

• Materials:

Carbon steel

• Lift-off range:

up to 300mm (12”)

• Wall thickness:

up to 100mm (4”)

• Weather jackets:

Aluminium, stainless steel, galvanised steel

• Probe:

PEC-089-G2-HT05S

Footprint 95.2 mm

Circumferential Footprint 124.5mm


MAXWELL PECT Instrument

• Materials:

Carbon steel and low-alloyed steel

• Lift-off range:

0 – 250 mm (0-10”)

• Wall thickness range:

3 – 50 mm (0.12”-2”)

• Insulation covers:

Non metal, aluminium and stainless insulation covers; limited galvanised weather sheeting


Due to our positive experiences offshore using

radiographic techniques we introduced this method

to the project. Examples below:

Radiography


Radiography


Radiography

Initial trials with Sentinel QSA Global Open Vision

equipment.


Radiography

Two Digital Detector Array (DDA) systems were evaluated

Little or no difference in technical performance


The project continued combining Pulsed

Eddy-Current & Digital Radiography


PEC Probe

Phase 3 The reception phase during which magnetic sensors measure the decay of

the eddy currents as they diffuse into the material thickness

Phase 2 The cut-off phase which induces strong eddy currents into the component When

the magnetic field emission is stopped abruptly

Phase 1 The emission phase (the pulse) during which the probe injects magnetic fields

that penetrate and stabilize in the component thickness

Principles PEC


Footprint Definition

• The footprint is the sensitivity area of the probe on the inspected component.

• The size of the footprint is affected by:

• The probe size and configuration

• The coating\insulation thickness

• The jacket material

• The WT of the component


PEC v UT


PEC v UT

• Averaging Effect

• Point 1 a Dip

• Point 2 A Peak

• Point 3 PEC Averaging

1

2

3


Initial Work

Sample : Pipe OD 323mm

Thickness: 8.3mm

Length 1200mm

Engineered Composite Wrap 9mm

• Sample inspected after being removed

from service (picture 1)

• After inspection a section of pipe was

cut and the ID exposed to reveal a

large scabbed area after initial

cleaning. (picture 2)

(Pic 1)

(Pic 2)


Initial Work

• The Pipe was sent for cleaning and on return reviled the sever corrosion on the ID at

what was the 6 O’clock position (picture 3)

(Pic 3)


Initial Work – Anomaly Report

• The original anomaly report identified two areas

• Area of anomaly A 80mm x 30mm 6 o’clock position 5.2mm minimum

• Area of anomaly B 20mm x 30mm 6 o’clock position 4.9mm minimum


Initial Work – PEC Results

• PEC Results show large area of general wall loss containing deep pitting along the

length. The minimum reading recorded by the PEC 4.2mm.

(picture 3)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 110.0 120.0 130.0 140.0 150.0 160.0 170.0 180.0 190.0 200.0 210.0 220.0 230.0 240.0 250.0 260.0 270.0 280.0 290.0 300.0 310.0 320.0 330.0 340.0 350.0 360.0 370.0 380.0 390.0 400.0 410.0 420.0 430.0 440.0 450.0 460.0 470.0 480.0 490.0 500.0 510.0 520.0 530.0 540.0 550.0 560.0 570.0 580.0 590.0 600.0 610.0 620.0 630.0 640.0 650.0 660.0 670.0 680.0 690.0 700.0 710.0 720.0 730.0 740.0 750.0 760.0 770.0 780.0 790.0 800.0 810.0 820.0 830.0 840.0 850.0 860.0 870.0 880.0 890.0 900.0

0.0 7.2 7.8 7.3 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.3 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.2 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.8 8.2 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.9 7.5 8.1 8.0 8.3 7.1 7.7 7.3 7.5 7.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.5 7.4 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.6

25.3 6.9 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.3 7.1 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.6 7.1 7.5 7.7 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 7.9 7.6 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.7 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.2 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 8.2 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.9 7.5 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.7

50.7 7.7 6.7 7.5 7.2 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.1 7.1 6.9 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.5 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.8 7.0 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.4 7.0 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.5 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.3 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.0 7.6 7.5 7.9

76.0 6.9 6.8 7.5 6.8 7.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.5 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.4 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.1 5.9 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.5 7.0 6.9 7.2 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.7 6.9 7.2 6.8 6.8 6.5 7.1 7.1 7.4 7.3 7.5 7.0 7.1 6.8 7.2 7.0 7.3 7.2 7.7 7.4 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.5 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.1 7.9 7.4 7.5 7.3 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.3 7.1 7.7 7.0 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.6

101.4 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.9 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.8 6.4 5.5 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.7 6.2 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.5 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.5 7.1 7.0 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.0 6.1 6.5 6.1 6.6 5.7 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.4 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.8 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.7 7.0 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.9 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.4 6.5 6.9 6.9 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.3 6.7 7.0 7.1 6.8 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.0

126.7 5.6 5.8 6.2 6.1 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.0 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.9 6.0 5.9 6.1 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.9 5.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.0 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.2 5.9 5.3 5.0 5.2 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 5.1 5.8 5.4 4.8 5.7 5.9 5.8 6.1 6.3 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.6 6.1 6.5 6.1 6.7 6.0 5.9 5.6 6.1 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.6 6.3 7.1

152.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.7 5.9 5.7 6.1 5.8 6.0 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.1 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.5 5.7 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.7 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.7 6.1 6.2 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.3 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.3 6.3 6.0 6.0 6.1

177.4 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.2 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.4 5.0 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.2 4.3 5.0 5.4 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.6 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.6 6.1 5.8 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 4.8 5.4 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.7 5.5 4.8 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.2 4.8 5.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.4 5.8 6.0 6.1 5.9 5.7

202.8 5.6 4.1 4.6 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.0 5.2 5.4 4.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 4.8 4.9 4.3 5.1 5.5 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.0 5.8 5.6 5.8 4.6 5.4 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.1 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3 4.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.3 4.9 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.3 5.8 6.1 6.2 6.3 5.6 5.7 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.3 6.3

228.1 5.4 5.4 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.3 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.7 4.6 5.6 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.4 5.0 5.7 6.2 5.9 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.8 5.9 5.7 6.4 5.7 5.8 5.4 5.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.5 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.8 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.5 5.2 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.8

253.5 6.2 3.3 6.1 5.4 5.9 5.5 6.1 5.9 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.1 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.0 4.7 5.2 5.5 5.1 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 5.3 5.8 5.9 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.2 6.3 5.7 5.4 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.3 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.5 6.6 5.7 6.2 5.5 6.2 4.7 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.6 5.7 6.1 4.6 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.4 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.4 6.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.5

278.8 5.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 5.8 6.5 6.1 5.9 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.5 6.7 6.9 7.0 6.8 5.8 5.7 5.8 6.1 6.5 6.9 7.0 6.9 5.8 6.8 6.1 7.0 5.8 6.9 7.5 7.3 6.5 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.4 7.5 7.3 6.4 7.1 6.6 6.6 7.1 6.3 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.8 6.2 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.1 6.0 5.8 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.1 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5

304.2 6.7 6.3 6.6 7.2 6.7 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.1 7.3 6.7 6.9 6.8 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.0 5.8 5.6 6.4 7.2 7.1 7.9 7.7 6.3 7.1 6.6 7.0 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.0 7.4 6.9 7.1 6.9 7.6 7.9 7.8 6.6 7.2 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.6 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.3 6.7 6.5 6.7 6.7 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.9 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.8 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.3 7.7 8.2 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.6 8.5 8.2

329.5 6.8 7.5 6.5 7.4 7.5 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.0 7.8 6.7 6.8 7.5 6.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.0 7.4 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 6.9 7.7 7.9 8.2 7.4 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 8.0 8.6 8.1 8.3 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.7 8.1 8.1 7.8 8.0 7.4 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.2 7.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.1 6.5 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.0 7.2 6.8 7.8 8.3 7.7 7.6 7.8 7.6 7.5

354.9 7.6 7.2 7.6 6.7 7.1 7.6 7.4 8.1 7.6 7.1 7.5 6.7 7.5 6.9 7.6 7.8 7.5 7.8 7.0 7.4 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.7 8.1 8.2 7.7 6.6 6.9 7.2 7.4 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.8 8.1 7.6 7.3 7.9 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.3 8.5 7.6 7.4 8.4 7.6 7.8 7.7 7.4 7.4 6.9 7.0 7.2 6.7 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.7 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.2 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.4 8.2

3 O’clock

6 O’clock

9 O’clock


Inspection carried out on off-shore facility

Sample : Pipe OD 798mm

Thickness: 6.35mm

Length 750mm

Engineered Composite Wrap 9mm

• Sample inspected off shore still in service.

(picture 1)

(picture 1)

Example 1


• The original anomaly report identified many areas of wall loss

• All anomaly's predominantly between 3-9 O’clock positions

• Minimum reading Location 1 3.8mm

• Minimum Reading Location 2 3,6mm

(picture 3)

Example 1


• PEC Results show large area of general wall loss containing deep pitting along the

length. The minimum reading recorded by the PEC 4.2mm.

0.0 14.8 29.6 44.4 59.3 74.1 88.9 103.7 118.5 133.3 148.1 163.0 177.8 192.6 207.4 222.2 237.0 251.9 266.7 281.5 296.3 311.1 325.9 340.7 355.6 370.4 385.2 400.0 414.8 429.6 444.4 459.3 474.1 488.9 503.7 518.5 533.3 548.1 563.0 577.8 592.6 607.4 622.2 637.0 651.9 666.7 681.5 696.3 711.1 725.9 740.7

848.7 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 6.1 6.1 5.6 5.2

808.2 5.8 5.7 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.1 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2

767.8 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.2 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.6 5.9 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.3 4.8 4.4 4.7

727.4 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.4 4.5

687.0 3.5 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.2

646.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.4 4.1 4.4

606.2 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.2

565.8 3.6 3.7 3.8 4.1 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.1 4.3

525.4 4.1 4.0 3.7 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.4 4.4

484.9 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.5 4.9 4.6 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.4

444.5 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.9 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.4

404.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.7 4.8

363.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.0 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.7 4.0 4.4 4.2 4.3

323.3 4.6 4.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.2

282.9 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2

242.5 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.7

202.1 4.5 4.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 5.0 4.8 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.6 4.5 4.7

161.6 5.4 5.5 5.7 5.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.6 4.9

121.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.3 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.0

80.8 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.6 5.8 5.5

40.4 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.3

0.0 5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 5.9 5.3 5.2 5.4

12 O’clock

3 O’clock

6 O’clock

9 O’clock

Location One Location Two

Example 1


Table shows 14 test point inspected off shore in service.

UT & PEC Comparisons

Line ID Test Point

Nom Min Reading Difference Indication Position

(mm) UT (mm) PEC (mm) (mm) UT PEC

2" Test Point 12 3.9 2.4 2.7 -0.3 6 o'clock 5-10 o'clock

2" Test Point 2 3.9 2 2.9 -0.9 not identified 4-10 o'clock

2" Test Point 3 3.9 2 2.7 -0.7 not identified 4-10 o'clock


4" Test Point 19 6.02 2 3.6 -1.6 8 o'clock 4-8 o'clock



8" Test Point 11 8.2 3.5 3.5 0 6 o'clock 5-8 o'clock

10" Test Point 6 6.35 3.7 3.3 0.4 3-6 o'clock full circ

10" Test Point 1 6.35 3.8 3.4 0.4 3-9 o'clock 2-10 o'clock

10" Test Point 2 6.35 3.6 3.5 0.1 3-9 o'clock 2-10 o'clock

10" Test Point 11 6.35 3 3.9 -0.9 1-5 o'clock, 8-11 o'clock full circ

12" Test Point 48 8.38 1 3.3 -2.3 6 o'clock 6 o'clock

12" Test Point 49 8.38 1 3.5 -2.5 6 o'clock 6 o'clock


Example 2

• Nominal 7.92mm

• PEC (48% Remaining) 3,8mm

• Measured remaining before

wrap applied 3mm


Example 3

• Pitting with leak path

through to wrap PEC

detected 68% remaining

(pit approx. 10 mm

diameter hole approx.

5mm)


Example 4


Example 4

• A-scan for Position E9

• Red line calibration White Line the A-scan

for the reading Notice they follow the

same path until the white A-scan falls off

4ms


Example 5

• Remaining wall

measured through

blister then blister

removed.

• PEC measured 7.2

remaining

• UT measured 6.8



PEC, Radiography & Scanning


Example 6


Example 6

Section 0-24


Example 6

Section 18-48


Example 6

Section 36-68


Example 6

Section 58-88


Example 6

Section 74-100


Example 7


Example 7

Section 22-54


Example 7 - PEC Results

Section 10-42

AB

CD

EF

GH

IJ

KL

MN

OP

Q

mm0

2040

6080

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

10

6.7

6.6

7.0

7.3

7.0

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.3

7.1

220

6.9

6.8

6.9

7.1

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.8

340

7.2

6.9

6.7

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.8

7.0

460

7.3

6.9

7.0

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.9

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.9

7.0

580

7.4

7.1

7.1

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.9

610

07.

67.

37.

27.

27.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

27.

27.

27.

17.

17.

1

712

07.

67.

57.

47.

37.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

17.

27.

37.

37.

17.

27.

2

814

07.

67.

77.

67.

47.

27.

27.

27.

07.

07.

07.

17.

37.

37.

37.

27.

37.

3

916

07.

57.

77.

77.

57.

47.

37.

37.

17.

17.

07.

07.

17.

27.

37.

57.

37.

3

1018

07.

47.

67.

67.

67.

57.

57.

57.

27.

27.

06.

97.

17.

17.

27.

27.

37.

3

1120

07.

37.

47.

57.

67.

37.

67.

57.

47.

37.

27.

07.

17.

17.

17.

17.

27.

2

1222

07.

37.

47.

47.

57.

37.

67.

57.

57.

57.

47.

27.

27.

27.

17.

17.

17.

1

1324

07.

47.

47.

47.

47.

27.

57.

47.

57.

57.

57.

37.

37.

37.

37.

27.

17.

1

1426

07.

47.

47.

47.

37.

27.

27.

27.

47.

37.

47.

57.

57.

57.

47.

37.

27.

1

1528

07.

57.

57.

57.

37.

27.

17.

17.

17.

17.

27.

37.

57.

57.

57.

57.

37.

3

1630

07.

47.

57.

57.

47.

37.

17.

17.

07.

07.

07.

17.

37.

47.

57.

47.

57.

4

1732

07.

27.

57.

57.

57.

47.

27.

27.

17.

17.

17.

07.

17.

27.

37.

57.

57.

5

1834

07.

27.

47.

57.

47.

47.

47.

37.

27.

27.

17.

17.

17.

17.

27.

37.

37.

3

1936

07.

27.

37.

47.

47.

57.

47.

37.

27.

37.

27.

17.

27.

17.

27.

27.

17.

1

2038

07.

37.

37.

37.

47.

47.

47.

37.

37.

27.

37.

27.

17.

17.

27.

17.

07.

1

2140

07.

37.

37.

37.

37.

37.

27.

27.

27.

27.

27.

17.

27.

27.

27.

17.

07.

0

2242

07.

47.

37.

37.

17.

06.

96.

97.

07.

07.

17.

07.

07.

07.

07.

17.

07.

0

2344

07.

57.

47.

26.

86.

76.

56.

56.

56.

86.

86.

66.

56.

36.

16.

76.

97.

0

2446

07.

37.

37.

06.

66.

36.

15.

95.

85.

96.

16.

06.

26.

36.

16.

26.

77.

0

2548

07.

27.

16.

86.

66.

25.

85.

65.

45.

65.

65.

86.

16.

46.

46.

46.

77.

0

2650

07.

17.

06.

86.

56.

15.

65.

14.

94.

95.

15.

76.

16.

36.

56.

66.

87.

0

2752

07.

16.

96.

76.

46.

05.

55.

25.

15.

15.

15.

86.

16.

46.

56.

76.

87.

0

2854

07.

16.

96.

86.

46.

15.

75.

55.

35.

25.

46.

06.

26.

46.

56.

66.

76.

8

2956

07.

37.

16.

86.

46.

25.

95.

75.

65.

65.

76.

16.

36.

46.

56.

66.

76.

7

3058

07.

27.

06.

86.

66.

46.

15.

95.

95.

85.

86.

16.

46.

46.

66.

76.

76.

7

3160

06.

96.

86.

86.

66.

56.

36.

16.

06.

05.

96.

26.

36.

46.

56.

76.

96.

7

3262

06.

66.

86.

86.

76.

66.

46.

26.

06.

06.

06.

26.

36.

56.

76.

96.

86.

8

3364

06.

47.

06.

96.

76.

46.

26.

16.

16.

16.

26.

46.

76.

87.

06.

86.

9

3466

06.

37.

06.

86.

76.

46.

36.

36.

36.

16.

06.

46.

46.

56.

86.

77.

0

3568

06.

46.

86.

66.

56.

46.

56.

56.

46.

46.

66.

56.

56.

76.

86.

77.

2


7.37.3

7.37.3

7.37.2

7.27.2

7.27.2

7.17.2

7.27.2

7.17.0

7.0

7.47.3

7.37.1

7.06.9

6.97.0

7.07.1

7.07.0

7.07.0

7.17.0

7.0

7.57.4

7.26.8

6.76.5

6.56.5

6.86.8

6.66.5

6.36.1

6.76.9

7.0

7.37.3

7.06.6

6.36.1

5.95.8

5.96.1

6.06.2

6.36.1

6.26.7

7.0

7.27.1

6.86.6

6.25.8

5.65.4

5.65.6

5.86.1

6.46.4

6.46.7

7.0

7.17.0

6.86.5

6.15.6

5.14.9

4.95.1

5.76.1

6.36.5

6.66.8

7.0

7.16.9

6.76.4

6.05.5

5.25.1

5.15.1

5.86.1

6.46.5

6.76.8

7.0

7.16.9

6.86.4

6.15.7

5.55.3

5.25.4

6.06.2

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.8

7.37.1

6.86.4

6.25.9

5.75.6

5.65.7

6.16.3

6.46.5

6.66.7

6.7

7.27.0

6.86.6

6.46.1

5.95.9

5.85.8

6.16.4

6.46.6

6.76.7

6.7

6.96.8

6.86.6

6.56.3

6.16.0

6.05.9

6.26.3

6.46.5

6.76.9

6.7

6.66.8

6.86.7

6.66.4

6.26.0

6.06.0

6.26.3

6.56.7

6.96.8

6.8

6.47.0

6.96.7

6.46.2

6.16.1

6.16.2

6.46.7

6.87.0

6.86.9

6.37.0

6.86.7

6.46.3

6.36.3

6.16.0

6.46.4

6.56.8

6.77.0

6.46.8

6.66.5

6.46.5

6.56.4

6.46.6

6.56.5

6.76.8

6.77.2

Example 7 - PEC Results


Example 8


Example 8

Section 4-36


Example 8 - RAD & PEC of Elbow

Different

Schedule

Different

Schedule

Weld Area

Weld Area

Detected Defect


Example 9

Date post:	13-Mar-2022
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