Session IV Planning & Construction Grace Lawrence.

Session IVSession IVPlanning & ConstructionPlanning & Construction

Grace LawrenceGrace Lawrence

OverviewOverview

Today’s session is to provide information Today’s session is to provide information on the construction process. on the construction process.

Jurisdiction, permits, construction methods Jurisdiction, permits, construction methods and design are site specific. and design are site specific.

Topics CoveredTopics Covered

SignageSignagePermittingPermittingADA AccessADA AccessConstruction TechniquesConstruction TechniquesResourcesResourcesExamplesExamples

SafetySafety

The most important aspect of paddling is The most important aspect of paddling is safety. safety.

Safety entails much more than boater Safety entails much more than boater safety.safety.

Safety starts in planning.Safety starts in planning.

SafetySafety

Design of safe accesses is imperative. Design of safe accesses is imperative. Impeding traffic, parking on the shoulder, Impeding traffic, parking on the shoulder,

and transporting boats along or across and transporting boats along or across non designated thoroughfares is unsafe non designated thoroughfares is unsafe and unacceptable.and unacceptable.

Design ConsiderationsDesign Considerations

SignageSignage

NC DOT SignageNC DOT Signage


Water Access Recreation signs shall be Water Access Recreation signs shall be designed, located, and erected according designed, located, and erected according to the standards of the Manual on Uniform to the standards of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, the North Carolina Traffic Control Devices, the North Carolina Supplement to the MUTCD, and the North Supplement to the MUTCD, and the North Carolina Roadway Standard Drawings.Carolina Roadway Standard Drawings.


CRITERIACRITERIA All Water Access Recreation signs are to be in All Water Access Recreation signs are to be in

compliance with Section 2H.04 of the MUTCD compliance with Section 2H.04 of the MUTCD for Recreation and Cultural Interest signing and for Recreation and Cultural Interest signing and shall have a white message and border on a shall have a white message and border on a brown background with retro-reflective sheeting.brown background with retro-reflective sheeting.

Water Access Recreation signs are to be Water Access Recreation signs are to be installed from nearest US, NC or SR route to the installed from nearest US, NC or SR route to the water recreation site and/or facility not to exceed water recreation site and/or facility not to exceed five (5) miles.five (5) miles.


Signing will not be permitted on full control Signing will not be permitted on full control access facilities. However, signing may be access facilities. However, signing may be allowed from the interchange ramp terminus.allowed from the interchange ramp terminus.

Appropriate educational plaques, directional Appropriate educational plaques, directional arrows, and directional guide signs may be used arrows, and directional guide signs may be used when signing to water access recreational sites when signing to water access recreational sites and/or facilities. Any additional word messages and/or facilities. Any additional word messages will require approval by NCDOT and be will require approval by NCDOT and be restricted to a 24"x 12" panel. restricted to a 24"x 12" panel.


Criteria continued:Criteria continued:All costs associated with the All costs associated with the

manufacturing, erecting, and maintenance manufacturing, erecting, and maintenance of approved water access recreation of approved water access recreation signage will be the responsibility of signage will be the responsibility of NCDOT or the City/County requesting the NCDOT or the City/County requesting the signs.signs.

All requests are to be forwarded to the All requests are to be forwarded to the appropriate Division Engineer for review.appropriate Division Engineer for review.


The Division Engineer or his designated The Division Engineer or his designated representative will have the final authority to representative will have the final authority to determine the actual number and location of the determine the actual number and location of the signs.signs.

NCDOT will reserve the right to remove or NCDOT will reserve the right to remove or relocate any of the signs where the requirements relocate any of the signs where the requirements for the signs are no longer met or where the for the signs are no longer met or where the location is interfering with the placement of any location is interfering with the placement of any standard regulatory, warning or guide sign.standard regulatory, warning or guide sign.

NC Wildlife Resources NC Wildlife Resources Commission SignageCommission Signage

Boat MooringDesignate boat parking areas.

Safe Channel Buoy Pass between red & black/green buoys when traveling upstream.

Information Buoy Directions, distances and locations.

No Wake BuoySpeed limit.

Boats Prohibited BuoyBoats keep out, rapids, swimming, and waterfalls.

Danger BuoyWarns of rocks, dams, and cables.

Controlled AreaSpeed limit, no fishing, skiing, and diving.

Buoys NCWRC places on state Buoys NCWRC places on state waterbodieswaterbodies

ESTABLISHING LOCAL WATER ESTABLISHING LOCAL WATER SAFETY RULESSAFETY RULES

North Carolina General Statute 75A-15 governs North Carolina General Statute 75A-15 governs the adoption of local water safety rules. the adoption of local water safety rules.

Only a unit of local government (county or city), Only a unit of local government (county or city), or an agency empowered by authority of local or an agency empowered by authority of local government (such as a marine commission) with government (such as a marine commission) with jurisdiction over the area in question may jurisdiction over the area in question may request the WRC to promulgate local water request the WRC to promulgate local water safety regulations. safety regulations.

ESTABLISHING LOCAL WATER ESTABLISHING LOCAL WATER SAFETY RULESSAFETY RULES

Requests for most water markers must Requests for most water markers must comply with the requirements outlined in comply with the requirements outlined in Form D1Form D1. .

For examples of local government For examples of local government resolutions, click here for resolutions, click here for countycounty and here and here for for citycity. .

Establishing a new water safety rule takes Establishing a new water safety rule takes approximately 18 months. approximately 18 months.

DESIGNATING LOCAL WATER DESIGNATING LOCAL WATER SAFETY ZONES BY RULESAFETY ZONES BY RULE

1.1. The Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) The Wildlife Resources Commission (WRC) must receive must receive a.a. A written request from the local A written request from the local governmental unit with territorial jurisdiction of governmental unit with territorial jurisdiction of the area in question requesting a local water the area in question requesting a local water safety regulation. safety regulation. b.b. A certified copy of a resolution for the zone A certified copy of a resolution for the zone adopted by the local governmental unit. Public adopted by the local governmental unit. Public Notice of the local government's intention to Notice of the local government's intention to adopt such a resolution is required. adopt such a resolution is required.


c.c. A completed Form D-1 (Form D-1 A completed Form D-1 (Form D-1 designates the local governmental unit designates the local governmental unit responsible for markers). responsible for markers). d.d. Two copies of a map of the waters in Two copies of a map of the waters in question showing the exact location and question showing the exact location and type of markers that are necessary for type of markers that are necessary for enforcement of the proposed rule. enforcement of the proposed rule.


2.2. An investigation will be conducted by the An investigation will be conducted by the Wildlife Commission's Enforcement Wildlife Commission's Enforcement Division to determine the basis of need for Division to determine the basis of need for and advisability of the proposed rule. and advisability of the proposed rule.

3.3. If the Enforcement Officer's investigation If the Enforcement Officer's investigation indicates that the proposed rule is indicates that the proposed rule is necessary to address a water safety necessary to address a water safety hazard, the proposal is presented to the hazard, the proposal is presented to the Wildlife Commission. Wildlife Commission.


4.4. If the WRC approves the proposal, a If the WRC approves the proposal, a public hearing will be scheduled and public hearing will be scheduled and notice published, along with the proposed notice published, along with the proposed text of the Rule in the NCR. The WRC will text of the Rule in the NCR. The WRC will receive public comment. When public receive public comment. When public comment has been duly considered and comment has been duly considered and the determination is made to proceed, the the determination is made to proceed, the text of the proposed rule is presented to text of the proposed rule is presented to the WRC for final adoption.the WRC for final adoption.


5.5. Following adoption, the permanent rule Following adoption, the permanent rule is submitted to the Rules Review is submitted to the Rules Review Commission (RRC) for approval. If the Commission (RRC) for approval. If the RRC approves the rule, it usually becomes RRC approves the rule, it usually becomes effective within a month of that approval. effective within a month of that approval.


Please note:Please note: Applicants from the coastal Applicants from the coastal counties must obtain a Coastal Area counties must obtain a Coastal Area Management Act [CAMA] permit from the Management Act [CAMA] permit from the Division of Coastal Management [DCM] in Division of Coastal Management [DCM] in order to place a buoy in navigable waters order to place a buoy in navigable waters there. (A no wake zone will not be there. (A no wake zone will not be enforced in the absence of a proper buoy enforced in the absence of a proper buoy marker. ) marker. )


* The application should state whether * The application should state whether the funds for the No Wake Zone buoys the funds for the No Wake Zone buoys will be provided privately or whether will be provided privately or whether the local government in question is the local government in question is purchasing the markers.purchasing the markers.


**No Wake Zone buoys, which may be **No Wake Zone buoys, which may be purchased at marine supply stores, purchased at marine supply stores, must conform to the standards of the must conform to the standards of the Uniform State Waterway Marking Uniform State Waterway Marking system. (Signs on land are not system. (Signs on land are not sufficient indicia for a no wake zone)sufficient indicia for a no wake zone)


If, after investigation, the North Carolina If, after investigation, the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission authorizes Wildlife Resources Commission authorizes a no wake zone for a coastal county, the a no wake zone for a coastal county, the applicant [county] must contact the DCM applicant [county] must contact the DCM district manager to apply for such a district manager to apply for such a “CAMA Major Permit. Please see “CAMA Major Permit. Please see http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/contact_dcm.hthttp://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/contact_dcm.htmm for a list of the district offices and contact for a list of the district offices and contact information for their district managers. information for their district managers.


Any questions about this process should Any questions about this process should be referred to Joan Troy, (919) 707-0014 be referred to Joan Troy, (919) 707-0014 or [email protected] [email protected].


Boating Access RulesBoating Access Rules

Boating access areas are designed, Boating access areas are designed, constructed, and maintained by the constructed, and maintained by the Wildlife Resource Commission's Wildlife Resource Commission's Engineering Division for public use. Engineering Division for public use. Compliance with the following boating Compliance with the following boating access area laws will go a long way access area laws will go a long way toward keeping these areas clean, safe, toward keeping these areas clean, safe, and for all to enjoy. and for all to enjoy.

It is unlawful to: It is unlawful to: Leave any vehicle, trailer, boat or other obstruction Leave any vehicle, trailer, boat or other obstruction

where it will impede the use of the ramp by others. where it will impede the use of the ramp by others. Park any vehicles, trailer or boat anywhere on the area Park any vehicles, trailer or boat anywhere on the area

other than the designated parking zone. This does not other than the designated parking zone. This does not prohibit legal use of the ramp. prohibit legal use of the ramp.

Use the area for swimming, camping, operating Use the area for swimming, camping, operating concessions or for any use other than the launching and concessions or for any use other than the launching and recovery of boats and parking of vehicles and boat recovery of boats and parking of vehicles and boat trailers, except where facilities for a particular use are trailers, except where facilities for a particular use are provided. provided.

Operate any vessel within 50 yards of the ramp at a Operate any vessel within 50 yards of the ramp at a speed greater than "No Wake" speed.speed greater than "No Wake" speed.

Possess loaded firearms on the access area. Possess loaded firearms on the access area. Operate a vehicle on any boat access area in a manner so as to endanger Operate a vehicle on any boat access area in a manner so as to endanger

life or property. life or property. Deposit any debris or refuse anywhere on the grounds of the area. Deposit any debris or refuse anywhere on the grounds of the area. Fail to obey any instruction or signs regulating use of the access area. Fail to obey any instruction or signs regulating use of the access area.

Conduct any special event, such as fishing tournament weigh-in, without Conduct any special event, such as fishing tournament weigh-in, without first obtaining a letter of authorization from the Division of Engineering first obtaining a letter of authorization from the Division of Engineering Services by calling (919) 707-0150. This permit must be available for Services by calling (919) 707-0150. This permit must be available for inspection by wildlife enforcement officers during the event. inspection by wildlife enforcement officers during the event. See information about weigh-in permits here.See information about weigh-in permits here.

Park in handicapped space without displaying handicapped plate or sign. Park in handicapped space without displaying handicapped plate or sign.


Coast*A*SystCoast*A*Syst

Environmental Impact StatementsEnvironmental Impact Statements

PermitsPermits


There are four points to consider when building There are four points to consider when building or repairing a dock: or repairing a dock:

1. Rules and regulations of the North Carolina 1. Rules and regulations of the North Carolina Coastal Resources Commission, which are Coastal Resources Commission, which are administered by the North Carolina Department administered by the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Coastal Management. of Coastal Management.

2. Rules and regulations of the local government 2. Rules and regulations of the local government (county or municipality). (county or municipality).


3. Environmental impacts associated with 3. Environmental impacts associated with the lumber, location, and construction on the lumber, location, and construction on the shores, wetlands, and waters. the shores, wetlands, and waters.

4. How maintenance of the dock can affect 4. How maintenance of the dock can affect water quality.water quality.

Coast*A*SystCoast*A*Syst 1. Circle the answer that best describes how 1. Circle the answer that best describes how

you balance building a dock with following you balance building a dock with following CAMA rules. CAMA rules.

a. a. I follow the CAMA rules, use a licensed I follow the CAMA rules, use a licensed marine contractor, and consider the marine contractor, and consider the environmental impact the dock will have on the environmental impact the dock will have on the surrounding area. surrounding area.

b. b. I follow CAMA rules but haven't considered I follow CAMA rules but haven't considered the environmental impact. the environmental impact.

c. c. I follow CAMA rules but will put in the dock I follow CAMA rules but will put in the dock regardless of impact. regardless of impact.

d. d. I don't know about CAMA. I don't know about CAMA.


If you answer a question either If you answer a question either aa or or bb, you , you have few problems with pollution. have few problems with pollution.

If you answer a question either If you answer a question either cc or or dd, , there may be potential problems with there may be potential problems with pollution and you should consider making pollution and you should consider making changes in order to protect the coastal changes in order to protect the coastal waters surrounding your dock. waters surrounding your dock.


If you would like further help in assessing If you would like further help in assessing the impact of your dock, please contact the impact of your dock, please contact your nearest Cooperative Extension your nearest Cooperative Extension Center and talk with your Extension agent. Center and talk with your Extension agent.


A homeowner who wants to build a dock must A homeowner who wants to build a dock must contact the DCM. The following information contact the DCM. The following information should be included with the application: should be included with the application:

Original and dated work plat of the project. Original and dated work plat of the project. Names and addresses of adjacent property Names and addresses of adjacent property

owners and signed receipts from them of owners and signed receipts from them of notification of the project or a written statement notification of the project or a written statement signed by adjacent riparian property owners signed by adjacent riparian property owners acknowledging and having no objections to the acknowledging and having no objections to the project. project.

Coast*A*SystCoast*A*Syst For more information: For more information: You must receive a permit from the DCM before You must receive a permit from the DCM before

constructing a dock or pier.constructing a dock or pier. The local DCM office near you can provide you with The local DCM office near you can provide you with

additional information about dock and pier construction. additional information about dock and pier construction. Please refer to the offices listed above. You can call 1-Please refer to the offices listed above. You can call 1-800-4RCOAST or go online to 800-4RCOAST or go online to http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/ http://dcm2.enr.state.nc.us/

Sea Grant has publications and staff available for Sea Grant has publications and staff available for assistance in dock and pier construction. Call 919-515-assistance in dock and pier construction. Call 919-515-2454 and 910-92-2491 or go online to 2454 and 910-92-2491 or go online to http://www.ncsu.edu/seagrant/extension/CoastalEng/Coahttp://www.ncsu.edu/seagrant/extension/CoastalEng/CoastalEng.htmstalEng.htm


What is the North Carolina What is the North Carolina Coast*A*Syst Program? Coast*A*Syst Program?


The North Carolina Coast*A*Syst program The North Carolina Coast*A*Syst program is a series of publications that can help is a series of publications that can help you in becoming a good coastal you in becoming a good coastal environmental steward and protect the environmental steward and protect the health and well-being of your family. health and well-being of your family.


This publication leads you through an evaluation This publication leads you through an evaluation of your home and property to determine the of your home and property to determine the pollution and health risks of your development pollution and health risks of your development and construction practices. It also provides and construction practices. It also provides information on solving potential problems that information on solving potential problems that you may identify. you may identify.

The publications also list the North Carolina The publications also list the North Carolina state agencies responsible for helping you solve state agencies responsible for helping you solve your particular problems. your particular problems.


This Coast*A*Syst program is modeled This Coast*A*Syst program is modeled after the South Carolina Coast*A*Syst after the South Carolina Coast*A*Syst program. South Carolina was the first state program. South Carolina was the first state to develop such a program. to develop such a program.

The goal of the North Carolina The goal of the North Carolina Coast*A*Syst program is to help protect Coast*A*Syst program is to help protect the health of you and your family and the the health of you and your family and the coastal environment of North Carolina. coastal environment of North Carolina.

NC SEA GRANTNC SEA GRANT

EIS & PermitsEIS & Permits

The project must comply with all local The project must comply with all local planning and zoning ordinances.planning and zoning ordinances.

An Environmental Assessment (EA) or An Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) will be needed.be needed.

EIS & PermitsEIS & Permits

If you aren’t in a CAMA county, you will If you aren’t in a CAMA county, you will need a US Army Corps of Engineers need a US Army Corps of Engineers permit. permit.

You may also need a US Army COE You may also need a US Army COE permit in a CAMA county. permit in a CAMA county.

Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement Environmental Impact Statement

(EIS)(EIS)For a proposed project or activity, an For a proposed project or activity, an

Environmental Assessment (EA) or an Environmental Assessment (EA) or an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) must be prepared. must be prepared.

Generally, an environmental assessment Generally, an environmental assessment is prepared for a proposed project or is prepared for a proposed project or activity. activity.


(EIS)(EIS)

If the environmental document does not If the environmental document does not satisfy a Finding of No Significant Impact satisfy a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), then an EIS must be prepared. (FONSI), then an EIS must be prepared.


(EIS)(EIS)

If a project or activity will require an If a project or activity will require an environmental document, but there are environmental document, but there are questions as to the type of environmental questions as to the type of environmental document that must be prepared, please document that must be prepared, please contact the appropriate agency for contact the appropriate agency for guidance. guidance.

Possible Permits for: Coastal Possible Permits for: Coastal Environment Quality Environment Quality

NameName DescriptionDescription

Coastal Area Management (GeneralCoastal Area Management (General Permits) Permits)

Development in the 20 coastal counties. This permit is Development in the 20 coastal counties. This permit is issued through the DCM field offices. See Contact issued through the DCM field offices. See Contact List below to determine appropriate field office.List below to determine appropriate field office.

Coastal Area Management Act (CACoastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Major and MA) Major and

Dredge&FillDredge&Fill Permits Permits

Development in or adjacent to the estuarine or public Development in or adjacent to the estuarine or public trust waters, tidelands, or marshlands of the state. trust waters, tidelands, or marshlands of the state.

Coastal Area Management Act (CACoastal Area Management Act (CAMA) Minor Development PermitMA) Minor Development Permit

Minor permits are required for projects, such as single-Minor permits are required for projects, such as single-family houses, that don't require major permits or family houses, that don't require major permits or general permits. To obtain a minor permit general permits. To obtain a minor permit application, contact your coastal local government application, contact your coastal local government office. See Contact List below. office. See Contact List below.

Possible Permits for: Coastal Possible Permits for: Coastal Environment Quality Environment Quality

This list is only a general guideline. Specifics about your facility such as size, location, and types of processes often influence these determinations. For personal assistance in determining which permits may apply, contact a permit assistance coordinator.

Permit Coordination OfficesPermit Coordination OfficesDENR Mooresville Regional Office DENR Mooresville Regional Office

919 North Main Street919 North Main StreetMooresville, North Carolina 28115Mooresville, North Carolina 28115704-799-2987704-799-2987

DENR Wilmington Regional OfficeDENR Wilmington Regional Office127 Cardinal Drive Extension127 Cardinal Drive ExtensionWilmington, North Carolina 28405Wilmington, North Carolina 28405910-790-2317910-790-2317

Or call the DENR Customer Service Or call the DENR Customer Service Centertollfree at 1-877-623-6748Centertollfree at 1-877-623-6748

Regional OfficesRegional Offices

CAMA CountiesCAMA Counties

BeaufortBeaufort BertieBertie BrunswickBrunswick CamdenCamden CarteretCarteret ChowanChowan CravenCraven CurrituckCurrituck DareDare GatesGates HertfordHertford HydeHyde New New

HanoverHanover

OnslowOnslow

PamlicoPamlico PasquotankPasquotank PenderPender PerquimansPerquimans TyrrellTyrrell WashingtonWashington

If your project is in one of the 20 coastal counties listed below, a coastal permit may be required. Click below to see coastal permits.

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits

The Coastal Area Management Act requires The Coastal Area Management Act requires permits for development in Areas of permits for development in Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). You must obtain Environmental Concern (AEC). You must obtain a CAMA permit for your project if it meets all of a CAMA permit for your project if it meets all of the following conditions:the following conditions:

it is in one of the 20 counties covered by CAMA; it is in one of the 20 counties covered by CAMA; it is considered "development" under CAMA; it is considered "development" under CAMA; it is in, or it affects, an Area of Environmental it is in, or it affects, an Area of Environmental

Concern established by the Coastal Resources Concern established by the Coastal Resources Commission; Commission;

it doesn't qualify for an it doesn't qualify for an exemptionexemption. .


"Development" includes activities such as "Development" includes activities such as dredging or filling coastal wetlands or dredging or filling coastal wetlands or waters, and construction of marinas, piers, waters, and construction of marinas, piers, docks, bulkheads, oceanfront structures docks, bulkheads, oceanfront structures and roads. and roads.


Types of PermitsTypes of Permits

The Division of Coastal Management The Division of Coastal Management makes permit decisions after considering makes permit decisions after considering agency and public comments, and after agency and public comments, and after determining whether a proposed project determining whether a proposed project meets CRC rules and the local meets CRC rules and the local government's land-use plan. government's land-use plan.


Major permitsMajor permits are necessary for activities are necessary for activities that require other state or federal permits, that require other state or federal permits, for projects that cover more than 20 acres for projects that cover more than 20 acres or for construction covering more than or for construction covering more than 60,000 square feet. Applications for major 60,000 square feet. Applications for major permits are reviewed by permits are reviewed by 10 state and four 10 state and four federal agencies federal agencies before a decision is before a decision is made.made.


General permits General permits are used for routine projects are used for routine projects that usually pose little or no threat to the that usually pose little or no threat to the environment.environment.

Minor permits Minor permits are required for projects, such as are required for projects, such as single-family houses, that don't require major single-family houses, that don't require major permits or general permits. They are reviewed, permits or general permits. They are reviewed, issued and administered to CRC standards by issued and administered to CRC standards by local governments under contract with the local governments under contract with the Division of Coastal Management.Division of Coastal Management.


The minor permit program is part of the The minor permit program is part of the CRC's efforts to minimize the burden on CRC's efforts to minimize the burden on permit applicants. Under CAMA permit applicants. Under CAMA regulations, a minor permit is to be issued regulations, a minor permit is to be issued within 25 days once a complete within 25 days once a complete application is in hand. If the project is application is in hand. If the project is simple, the review process often is shorter.simple, the review process often is shorter.

CAMA Permit: EnforcementCAMA Permit: Enforcement CAMA permits are intended to protect the CAMA permits are intended to protect the

environment, public trust rights and the environment, public trust rights and the economy of the North Carolina coast. economy of the North Carolina coast.

You are in violation of CAMA when you begin You are in violation of CAMA when you begin development in an Area of Environmental development in an Area of Environmental Concern without a valid CAMA permit, or if any Concern without a valid CAMA permit, or if any of your CAMA-permitted work does not comply of your CAMA-permitted work does not comply with the issued permit. with the issued permit.

Under CRC rules, you may be fined up to Under CRC rules, you may be fined up to $2,500 per day for violations. Such fines are $2,500 per day for violations. Such fines are known as "civil penalties." known as "civil penalties."


Docks and PiersDocks and PiersDocks and piers serve important functions Docks and piers serve important functions

along the coast, allowing access to water along the coast, allowing access to water for recreational and commercial boating, for recreational and commercial boating, swimming, diving, fishing and swimming, diving, fishing and transportation. If poorly designed, transportation. If poorly designed, however, docks and piers can obstruct however, docks and piers can obstruct navigation and the water circulation that navigation and the water circulation that sustains an estuary's natural systems.sustains an estuary's natural systems.


The type of permit you will need for a dock or The type of permit you will need for a dock or pier varies with the size of the structure. See the pier varies with the size of the structure. See the tables in Appendix A to help you determine the tables in Appendix A to help you determine the type of permit you may need. type of permit you may need.

All docks and piers must meet the general All docks and piers must meet the general CAMA rules for coastal wetlands, estuarine CAMA rules for coastal wetlands, estuarine waters and public trust areas and the following waters and public trust areas and the following specific regulations {15A NCAC 7H .0208(b)(6)}:specific regulations {15A NCAC 7H .0208(b)(6)}:

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits Docks and piers cannot be wider than 6 feet. Wider Docks and piers cannot be wider than 6 feet. Wider

docks and piers may be permitted docks and piers may be permitted only only if the greater if the greater width is necessary for safe use, to improve public width is necessary for safe use, to improve public access, or to support a water-dependent use that cannot access, or to support a water-dependent use that cannot otherwise occur. otherwise occur.

Piers in existence on or before July 1, 2001, may be Piers in existence on or before July 1, 2001, may be braced with additional pilings and crossbeams to prevent braced with additional pilings and crossbeams to prevent or minimize storm damage, as long as the pilings do not or minimize storm damage, as long as the pilings do not extend more than 2 feet beyond either side of the pier. extend more than 2 feet beyond either side of the pier.

Piers extending more than 100 feet past the marsh Piers extending more than 100 feet past the marsh vegetation or the shoreline must not extend beyond the vegetation or the shoreline must not extend beyond the length of existing piers used for similar purposes along length of existing piers used for similar purposes along the same shoreline. the same shoreline.


Piers must not extend into the channel portion of the Piers must not extend into the channel portion of the water body. water body.

Piers must not extend more than one-fourth the width Piers must not extend more than one-fourth the width of a natural water body or man-made canal or basin of a natural water body or man-made canal or basin (see Figure 4.9), except in cases where there is a (see Figure 4.9), except in cases where there is a federally established pier-head line or if the pier is federally established pier-head line or if the pier is located between longer piers within 200 feet of your located between longer piers within 200 feet of your property. However, if you qualify for one of these property. However, if you qualify for one of these exceptions, your pier cannot be longer than adjacent exceptions, your pier cannot be longer than adjacent piers and cannot in any case extend more than one-piers and cannot in any case extend more than one-third the width of the water body. third the width of the water body.

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits Pier alignments along federally maintained Pier alignments along federally maintained

channels must meet U.S. Army Corps of channels must meet U.S. Army Corps of Engineers guidelines, available from the Engineers guidelines, available from the Corps' district office in Wilmington. Corps' district office in Wilmington.

There are limits on the combined area of all T-There are limits on the combined area of all T-heads, finger piers, platforms and decks, and heads, finger piers, platforms and decks, and those limits vary based on the type of permit those limits vary based on the type of permit you obtain. See the tables in Appendix A for you obtain. See the tables in Appendix A for more information. more information.

Docks, piers and T-heads must be elevated at Docks, piers and T-heads must be elevated at least 3 feet over the coastal wetland substrate, least 3 feet over the coastal wetland substrate, as measured from the bottom of the decking. as measured from the bottom of the decking.


Boathouses may not be larger than 400 Boathouses may not be larger than 400 square feet, unless you can demonstrate a square feet, unless you can demonstrate a need for a larger boathouse. (A larger need for a larger boathouse. (A larger boathouse requires a major permit.) boathouse requires a major permit.)

Boathouse walls may cover only the top Boathouse walls may cover only the top half of the boathouse (from the roofline). half of the boathouse (from the roofline). The bottom half must remain open. The bottom half must remain open.

Boathouses are not allowed on lots with Boathouses are not allowed on lots with less than 75 linear feet of shoreline. less than 75 linear feet of shoreline.


The total area of a boat lift cannot be The total area of a boat lift cannot be larger than 400 square feet. larger than 400 square feet.

Piers, docks, decks, platforms and Piers, docks, decks, platforms and boathouses must be single-story. They boathouses must be single-story. They may have roofs, but must not be designed may have roofs, but must not be designed for second-story use. for second-story use.

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits Piers must not interfere with access to any riparian Piers must not interfere with access to any riparian

property and shall have a setback of at least 15 feet property and shall have a setback of at least 15 feet between any part of the pier and the adjacent property between any part of the pier and the adjacent property owners' areas of riparian access. The dividing line for owners' areas of riparian access. The dividing line for areas of riparian access shall be established by drawing areas of riparian access shall be established by drawing a line along the channel or deep water in front of the a line along the channel or deep water in front of the properties, then drawing a line perpendicular to the line properties, then drawing a line perpendicular to the line of the channel so that it intersects with the shore at the of the channel so that it intersects with the shore at the point the upland property line meets the water's edge point the upland property line meets the water's edge (see Figure 4.10). The 15-foot setback requirement may (see Figure 4.10). The 15-foot setback requirement may be waived by a written agreement of the adjacent be waived by a written agreement of the adjacent riparian property owners or when owners apply for a riparian property owners or when owners apply for a CAMA permit together. CAMA permit together.

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits In areas where the shoreline is irregular, such In areas where the shoreline is irregular, such

as the end of a canal, DCM field as the end of a canal, DCM field representatives are responsible for representatives are responsible for determining the projection of the riparian determining the projection of the riparian property lines into the water, and will assist property lines into the water, and will assist property owners in determining pier alignment. property owners in determining pier alignment.

Docks and piers must not significantly interfere Docks and piers must not significantly interfere with water flows, which could lead to the with water flows, which could lead to the accumulation of pollutants along the shoreline accumulation of pollutants along the shoreline or accelerate shoreline erosion. Docks or piers or accelerate shoreline erosion. Docks or piers with open-spaced pilings allow water to with open-spaced pilings allow water to circulate freely. circulate freely.


Docks and piers must not interfere with Docks and piers must not interfere with shellfish leases or franchises. You must shellfish leases or franchises. You must provide notice of the permit application or provide notice of the permit application or exemption request for a dock or pier to the exemption request for a dock or pier to the owner of any part of a shellfish franchise owner of any part of a shellfish franchise or lease that the proposed dock or pier or lease that the proposed dock or pier would cover. The Division of Marine would cover. The Division of Marine Fisheries has information on the location Fisheries has information on the location of these shellfish beds and leaseholders.of these shellfish beds and leaseholders.

CAMA PermitsCAMA Permits Boat RampsBoat Ramps Boat ramps provide access to coastal waters. Boat ramps provide access to coastal waters.

Ramps for private use may be constructed Ramps for private use may be constructed under a CAMA general permit if they meet the under a CAMA general permit if they meet the general rules for coastal shorelines, estuarine general rules for coastal shorelines, estuarine and public trust waters, and the following and public trust waters, and the following specific conditions {15A NCAC 7H .1305}: specific conditions {15A NCAC 7H .1305}:

Boat ramps must not be wider than 15 feet and Boat ramps must not be wider than 15 feet and must not extend farther than 20 feet below the must not extend farther than 20 feet below the normal high water level contour in tidal areas normal high water level contour in tidal areas or the normal water level contour in nontidal or the normal water level contour in nontidal areas. areas.


Excavation and ground-disturbing activities above and Excavation and ground-disturbing activities above and below the normal high water level or normal water below the normal high water level or normal water level will be limited to that absolutely necessary to level will be limited to that absolutely necessary to establish adequate ramp slope and provide a ramp no establish adequate ramp slope and provide a ramp no greater in size than specified by the general permit. greater in size than specified by the general permit.

Placement of fill materials below the normal high water Placement of fill materials below the normal high water level, or normal water level contour, will be limited to level, or normal water level contour, will be limited to the ramp structure itself. Boat ramps may be the ramp structure itself. Boat ramps may be constructed of concrete, wood, steel, clean riprap, constructed of concrete, wood, steel, clean riprap, marl or any other acceptable materials approved by marl or any other acceptable materials approved by DCM personnel. DCM personnel.


Coastal wetland vegetation must not be Coastal wetland vegetation must not be excavated or filled at any time during excavated or filled at any time during construction and subsequent use of the construction and subsequent use of the ramp. ramp.

Construction of larger or commercial boat Construction of larger or commercial boat ramps may require a major permit.ramps may require a major permit.

CAMA Permit: EnforcementCAMA Permit: Enforcement

You can avoid penalties by making sure your You can avoid penalties by making sure your project complies with the CRC's development project complies with the CRC's development standards and all permit conditions. When you standards and all permit conditions. When you are issued a CAMA permit, you should consult are issued a CAMA permit, you should consult with the Coastal Management field with the Coastal Management field representative or local permit officer representative or local permit officer beforebefore beginning work to make sure that your work beginning work to make sure that your work will meet all requirements. A Coastal will meet all requirements. A Coastal Management field representative or a local Management field representative or a local permit officer will periodically monitor work at permit officer will periodically monitor work at your project site. your project site.


Federal ConsistencyFederal ConsistencyBecause North Carolina’s Coastal Because North Carolina’s Coastal

Management Program is Federally Management Program is Federally approved, a number of activities are approved, a number of activities are required to comply with the enforceable required to comply with the enforceable policies of the State’s certified coastal policies of the State’s certified coastal management program-- even if those management program-- even if those activities do not require CAMA permitsactivities do not require CAMA permits under State law. under State law.

Corps of Engineer PermitsCorps of Engineer Permits

Section 10 of the Rivers and HarboSection 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899rs Act of 1899 Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899

requires approval prior to the accomplishment of any requires approval prior to the accomplishment of any work in, over, or under navigable waters of the United work in, over, or under navigable waters of the United States, or which affects the course, location, condition or States, or which affects the course, location, condition or capacity of such waters. capacity of such waters.

Navigable waters Navigable waters (33 CFR Part 329) (33 CFR Part 329) are defined as are defined as waters that have been used in the past, are now used, or waters that have been used in the past, are now used, or are susceptible to use as a means to transport interstate are susceptible to use as a means to transport interstate or foreign commerce up to the head of navigation. or foreign commerce up to the head of navigation. Section 10 and/or Section 404 permits are required for Section 10 and/or Section 404 permits are required for construction activities in these waters (list of Navigable construction activities in these waters (list of Navigable Waters).Waters).

Section 10 of the Rivers and HarboSection 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899rs Act of 1899Typical activities requiring Section 10 Typical activities requiring Section 10

permits include: permits include: Construction of piers, wharves, breakwaters, Construction of piers, wharves, breakwaters,

bulkheads, jetties, weirs, dolphins, marinas, bulkheads, jetties, weirs, dolphins, marinas, ramps, floats, intake structures, and cable or ramps, floats, intake structures, and cable or pipeline crossings. pipeline crossings.

Work such as dredging or disposal of dredged Work such as dredging or disposal of dredged material. material.

Excavation, filling, or other modifications to Excavation, filling, or other modifications to navigable waters of the U.S.navigable waters of the U.S.


How much does it cost for a permit?How much does it cost for a permit?


Most permits issued by the Corps of Most permits issued by the Corps of Engineers such as Letters of Permission, Engineers such as Letters of Permission, Nationwide, and General Permits do not have Nationwide, and General Permits do not have a permit fee. Individual Permits have fees of a permit fee. Individual Permits have fees of $10 for individuals and $100 for businesses, $10 for individuals and $100 for businesses, once the permit has been issued and once the permit has been issued and accepted by the applicant. There are no fees accepted by the applicant. There are no fees charged to other governmental bodies.charged to other governmental bodies.


I have obtained permits from local and I have obtained permits from local and state governments. Why do I have to state governments. Why do I have to get a permit from the Corps of get a permit from the Corps of Engineers?Engineers?


It is possible you may not have to obtain an It is possible you may not have to obtain an individual permit, depending on the type or individual permit, depending on the type or location of work. The Corps has many general location of work. The Corps has many general permits which authorize minor activities permits which authorize minor activities without the need for individual processing. without the need for individual processing. Check with your Corps district regulatory Check with your Corps district regulatory office for information on general permits. office for information on general permits. When a general permit does not apply, you When a general permit does not apply, you may still be required to obtain an individual may still be required to obtain an individual permit. permit.


What will happen if I do work without What will happen if I do work without getting a permit from the Corps?getting a permit from the Corps?


Performing unauthorized work in waters of the Performing unauthorized work in waters of the United States or failure to comply with the United States or failure to comply with the terms of a valid permit can have serious terms of a valid permit can have serious consequences. You would be in violation of consequences. You would be in violation of Federal law and could face stiff penalties, Federal law and could face stiff penalties, including fines and/or requirements to restore including fines and/or requirements to restore the area. the area.

Enforcement is an important part of the Corps Enforcement is an important part of the Corps regulatory program. regulatory program.


Corps surveillance and monitoring activities Corps surveillance and monitoring activities are often aided by various agencies, groups, are often aided by various agencies, groups, and individuals, who report suspected and individuals, who report suspected violations. violations.

When in doubt as to whether a planned When in doubt as to whether a planned activity needs a permit, contact the nearest activity needs a permit, contact the nearest district regulatory office. It could save a lot of district regulatory office. It could save a lot of unnecessary trouble later. unnecessary trouble later.


Why is the significance of counties with Why is the significance of counties with trout waters in NC?trout waters in NC?


In North Carolina, two agencies, the Wildlife In North Carolina, two agencies, the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Department of Resources Commission and the Department of Environmental Quality have trout designations used to Environmental Quality have trout designations used to ensure protection of the resource in the state. Certain ensure protection of the resource in the state. Certain activities, depending on the activity, stream activities, depending on the activity, stream designation, and time of year, may be restricted in designation, and time of year, may be restricted in order to protect this valuable resource. order to protect this valuable resource.

If you are in a "trout" county, check with your Corps If you are in a "trout" county, check with your Corps representative to see if you may be impacting a WRC representative to see if you may be impacting a WRC or a DEQ trout water before you plan your project.or a DEQ trout water before you plan your project.


Who is responsible for the Corps' Who is responsible for the Corps' Regulatory Program in my area?Regulatory Program in my area?


The Wilmington District Corps Regulatory The Wilmington District Corps Regulatory Program assigns Project Managers for Program assigns Project Managers for counties and for DOT projects. This link will counties and for DOT projects. This link will allow you to find the assigned Field Office and allow you to find the assigned Field Office and you can call the Field Office phone number for you can call the Field Office phone number for the Project Manager for your area of interest.the Project Manager for your area of interest.


Why should I waste my time and yours Why should I waste my time and yours by applying for a permit when you by applying for a permit when you probably won't let me do the work probably won't let me do the work anyway?anyway?


Nationwide, only three percent of all requests Nationwide, only three percent of all requests for permits are denied. for permits are denied.

Those few applicants who have been denied Those few applicants who have been denied permits usually have refused to change the permits usually have refused to change the design, timing, or location of the proposed design, timing, or location of the proposed activity. activity.

When a permit is denied, an applicant may When a permit is denied, an applicant may redesign the project and submit a new redesign the project and submit a new application. application.


To avoid unnecessary delays pre-application To avoid unnecessary delays pre-application conferences, particularly for applications for conferences, particularly for applications for major activities, are recommended. major activities, are recommended.

The Corps will endeavor to give you helpful The Corps will endeavor to give you helpful information, including factors which will be information, including factors which will be considered during the public interest review, considered during the public interest review, and alternatives to consider that may prove to and alternatives to consider that may prove to be useful in designing a project. be useful in designing a project.


How far in advance of my planned work How far in advance of my planned work should I apply for a Corps permit?should I apply for a Corps permit?


Since two to three months is normally Since two to three months is normally required to process a routine application required to process a routine application involving a public notice, you should apply as involving a public notice, you should apply as early as possible to be sure you have all early as possible to be sure you have all required approvals before your planned required approvals before your planned commencement date. commencement date.

For a large or complex activity that may take For a large or complex activity that may take longer, it is often helpful to have a "pre-longer, it is often helpful to have a "pre-application consultation" or informal meeting application consultation" or informal meeting with the Corps during the early planning with the Corps during the early planning phase of your project. phase of your project.


You may receive helpful information at this You may receive helpful information at this point which could prevent delays later. point which could prevent delays later.

When in doubt as to whether a permit may be When in doubt as to whether a permit may be required or what you need to do, don't required or what you need to do, don't hesitate to call a district regulatory office. hesitate to call a district regulatory office.


ADA ComplianceADA Compliance

ADA AccessADA Access

The 2000 U.S. Census reports that over The 2000 U.S. Census reports that over 49 million Americans have one or more 49 million Americans have one or more disabilities and that a significant number of disabilities and that a significant number of these individuals participate in outdoor these individuals participate in outdoor recreation activities including canoeing, recreation activities including canoeing, kayaking, and other boating activities.kayaking, and other boating activities.


All paddle trail ventures should comply All paddle trail ventures should comply with existing regulations regarding ADA with existing regulations regarding ADA compliance. The ADA Standards for compliance. The ADA Standards for Accessible Design are available at Accessible Design are available at http://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adastd94.pdfhttp://www.usdoj.gov/crt/ada/adastd94.pdf. .


The preceding document should be The preceding document should be investigated thoroughly before beginning investigated thoroughly before beginning any construction on your site. In addition any construction on your site. In addition to the information regarding parking and to the information regarding parking and standard construction dimensions, standard construction dimensions, particular attention should be paid to the particular attention should be paid to the sections regarding sections regarding Equivalent FacilitationEquivalent Facilitation. .


It is understandable and expected in an It is understandable and expected in an emerging field such as paddle trail emerging field such as paddle trail development, that some standardized development, that some standardized practices will need to be modified. practices will need to be modified.

The appropriate way to handle these The appropriate way to handle these concerns is to meet with your local concerns is to meet with your local compliance officer PRIOR to any compliance officer PRIOR to any construction. construction.


Your compliance officer will be best able to help Your compliance officer will be best able to help you navigate through the various interpretations you navigate through the various interpretations of the applicable ordinances to arrive at an of the applicable ordinances to arrive at an appropriate and compliant solution. appropriate and compliant solution.

For complex problems or the applicability of For complex problems or the applicability of inventive ideas for unique issues, it would be inventive ideas for unique issues, it would be advisable to ask your compliance officer to advisable to ask your compliance officer to arrange a joint meeting with Laurel W. Wright or arrange a joint meeting with Laurel W. Wright or Ted Feitshans. Ted Feitshans.

ADA AccessADA Access Laurel W. Wright Laurel W. Wright

Chief Accessibility Code Chief Accessibility Code ConsultantConsultantNC Dept of Ins/Office of NC Dept of Ins/Office of State Fire MarshalState Fire Marshal322 Chapanoke Road, 322 Chapanoke Road, Suite 200 , Raleigh, NC Suite 200 , Raleigh, NC 27603 27603 Telephone: 919-661-Telephone: 919-661-5880 x247 5880 x247 Fax: 919-662-4414 Fax: 919-662-4414 Email: Email: [email protected]@ncdoi.net

Theodore A. (Ted) Theodore A. (Ted) Feitshans Feitshans North Carolina State North Carolina State University University Dept. of Agric. & Dept. of Agric. & Resource Economics Resource Economics Room 3340 Nelson Hall Room 3340 Nelson Hall Campus Box 8109, Campus Box 8109, Raleigh, NC 27695-8109 Raleigh, NC 27695-8109

[email protected][email protected]

http://www.ag-http://www.ag-econ.ncsu.edu/faculty/feiecon.ncsu.edu/faculty/feitshans/feitshans.htm tshans/feitshans.htm

The crew from the Balsam Depot installs one of the new railings at a boating access area.


Photos courtesy of NC Wildlife Resources Commission

The railings are designed to help disabled boaters when moving between boat and dock.


ADAAG require that boat launches be equipped ADAAG require that boat launches be equipped with at least one accessible route to boat with at least one accessible route to boat launches that complies with ADAAG standards launches that complies with ADAAG standards for:for:

LocationLocationWidthWidthPassing spacePassing spaceSurface SlopeSurface Slope

Level ChangesLevel ChangesDoorsDoorsEgressEgressAreas of rescue Areas of rescue assistanceassistance

Logical Lasting Launches


ADAAG standards must be met if the ADAAG standards must be met if the accessible route connects a fixed launch accessible route connects a fixed launch to the shore or if the accessible route to the shore or if the accessible route connects a fixed launch to another fixed connects a fixed launch to another fixed structure, unless they are modified by structure, unless they are modified by specific provisions outlined by the Access specific provisions outlined by the Access Board.Board.



Exception: Gangways connecting floating structuresException: Gangways connecting floating structures Gangways should be designed with the least possible Gangways should be designed with the least possible

slope and, if possible, designed so as not to exceed a slope and, if possible, designed so as not to exceed a slope of 8.33% or a ratio of 1:12.slope of 8.33% or a ratio of 1:12.

Since the slope of a gangway will rise and fall with Since the slope of a gangway will rise and fall with changing water levels, its slope may exceed 8.33%. changing water levels, its slope may exceed 8.33%.

This is acceptable as long as the gangway is at least 30 This is acceptable as long as the gangway is at least 30 feet long. feet long.

Gangways are required to be at least 80 feet long if the Gangways are required to be at least 80 feet long if the vertical distance between the lowest water level and the vertical distance between the lowest water level and the point where the gangway connects to land is 10 feet.point where the gangway connects to land is 10 feet.



Any other sloped surface must comply with Any other sloped surface must comply with ADAAG requirements:ADAAG requirements:

Transition platesTransition platesThese are sloped surfaces located at the end These are sloped surfaces located at the end

of a gangway. If the slope of a gangway is of a gangway. If the slope of a gangway is greater than 1:20 (or 5%) it must be equipped greater than 1:20 (or 5%) it must be equipped with a landing at the non-gangway end of the with a landing at the non-gangway end of the transition plate and comply with ADAAG ramp transition plate and comply with ADAAG ramp requirements.requirements.



HandrailsHandrailsHandrails are required on sloped surfaces Handrails are required on sloped surfaces

that have a rise of less than 6 inches or a that have a rise of less than 6 inches or a projection less than 72 inches, or a slope of projection less than 72 inches, or a slope of 1:20 (5%) or less. 1:20 (5%) or less.

Since the surface may be moving with Since the surface may be moving with changes in the water handrail extensions do changes in the water handrail extensions do not need to be parallel to ground or floor not need to be parallel to ground or floor surfaces.surfaces.



Cross slopeCross slope The cross slope of a structure refers to the slope The cross slope of a structure refers to the slope

perpendicular to the structure’s “running”slope or perpendicular to the structure’s “running”slope or slope spanning the length of the structure. slope spanning the length of the structure.

The cross slopes of gangways, transition plates, The cross slopes of gangways, transition plates, and floating piers that are part of an accessible and floating piers that are part of an accessible route must be designed and constructed to not route must be designed and constructed to not exceed a maximum of 2% or a slope of 1:50.exceed a maximum of 2% or a slope of 1:50.



Gangways and piers that are part of an Gangways and piers that are part of an accessible route are expected to be designed accessible route are expected to be designed and constructed to meet the 2% requirement. and constructed to meet the 2% requirement.

Once placed in the water, measurements, Once placed in the water, measurements, absent live loads, are to be made from a static absent live loads, are to be made from a static condition (i.e., absence of movement that results condition (i.e., absence of movement that results from wind, waves, etc.). from wind, waves, etc.).

Where floating piers are grounded due to low Where floating piers are grounded due to low water conditions, slope requirements would not water conditions, slope requirements would not apply.apply.



Design considerations from a paddler’s Design considerations from a paddler’s point of view:point of view:

Michael Passo, an experienced paddler Michael Passo, an experienced paddler who uses a wheelchair, recommends the who uses a wheelchair, recommends the following design accommodations in order following design accommodations in order to provide access for paddlers with to provide access for paddlers with disabilities:disabilities:



Access routeAccess routeSurface, grade, width, and cross slope Surface, grade, width, and cross slope

need to be as accessible as a particular need to be as accessible as a particular location will allow. location will allow.

Surface should be as even and level as Surface should be as even and level as possible (not exceeding 8.33% slope or possible (not exceeding 8.33% slope or 2% cross slope) and without gaps or 2% cross slope) and without gaps or interruptions. interruptions.

The route should be clearly marked.The route should be clearly marked.Logical Lasting Launches


Level and stable landing/loading areaLevel and stable landing/loading areaThere should be an area adjacent to the There should be an area adjacent to the

loading area that is level, stable, and at loading area that is level, stable, and at least 60" x 60". least 60" x 60".

This can be anywhere adjacent to the This can be anywhere adjacent to the loading area, including in water up to 12" loading area, including in water up to 12" deep. deep.



An accessible back country canoe launch An accessible back country canoe launch might incorporate a large, flat rock surface might incorporate a large, flat rock surface (provided that it is not slippery) that is 8” to (provided that it is not slippery) that is 8” to 12” under the surface of the water and has 12” under the surface of the water and has a gradual access route made of native a gradual access route made of native soil. soil.

The transfer from a wheelchair on that The transfer from a wheelchair on that rock to a floating canoe could be nearly rock to a floating canoe could be nearly level.level.



Transfer assistanceTransfer assistanceThe greatest challenge to using a launch, The greatest challenge to using a launch,

once a paddler is beside the canoe, can once a paddler is beside the canoe, can be getting down into the seat of the boat.be getting down into the seat of the boat.

Whether it is on a highly developed Whether it is on a highly developed launch or the bank of a lake, it is difficult to launch or the bank of a lake, it is difficult to transfer to a moving boat. transfer to a moving boat.

Making the transfer easier will help Making the transfer easier will help paddlers considerably.paddlers considerably.



Options to facilitate transfer from the launch Options to facilitate transfer from the launch area into a boat include:area into a boat include:

A transfer step or moveable structure A transfer step or moveable structure approximately 8" to 12" high that assists approximately 8" to 12" high that assists paddlers who have difficulty bending or paddlers who have difficulty bending or squatting and provides wheelchair users squatting and provides wheelchair users with an intermediate step between their with an intermediate step between their chair and the ground. A carpet-covered chair and the ground. A carpet-covered box or large, stable rock may be used.box or large, stable rock may be used.



A transfer board is a board that slides out A transfer board is a board that slides out from the launch, over the top of the canoe, from the launch, over the top of the canoe, and allows a person to slide out over the and allows a person to slide out over the canoe before sitting down on the seat. If canoe before sitting down on the seat. If located at gunwale level, it can both located at gunwale level, it can both support a person’s weight and stabilize the support a person’s weight and stabilize the boat as legs are moved around and boat as legs are moved around and adjustments are made.adjustments are made.



Overhead handles, grab bars, etcOverhead handles, grab bars, etc. . The transfer between land and boat can be extremely The transfer between land and boat can be extremely

difficult to maneuver, especially when moving from a difficult to maneuver, especially when moving from a canoe seat to a higher launch platform.canoe seat to a higher launch platform.

Alternative grab points can mitigate the complicated Alternative grab points can mitigate the complicated procedure of getting oneself onto a launch from a boat procedure of getting oneself onto a launch from a boat so that the boat is not the sole anchor point.so that the boat is not the sole anchor point.

Surface textures on a launch, including those added to Surface textures on a launch, including those added to provide extra traction, should be practical for wheelchair provide extra traction, should be practical for wheelchair use. use.


ADA AccessADA Access Surface gaps should not exceed 0.5" since the Surface gaps should not exceed 0.5" since the

widths of most wheelchair tires and caster tires widths of most wheelchair tires and caster tires are between 0.75" and 1". Innovations in are between 0.75" and 1". Innovations in adaptive gear, which include devices to improve adaptive gear, which include devices to improve traction and maneuverability, do exist and can traction and maneuverability, do exist and can make off-road surfaces much easier to navigate. make off-road surfaces much easier to navigate. Nevertheless, launches should be built to Nevertheless, launches should be built to accommodate basic wheelchair treads.accommodate basic wheelchair treads.

The website http://www.titaniumarts.com offers The website http://www.titaniumarts.com offers commercial examples of adaptive gear.commercial examples of adaptive gear.






ConstructionConstruction

Wildlife Resources Wildlife Resources CommissionCommission

GuidelinesGuidelines

Building your own boat rampBuilding your own boat ramp

I want to build my own boat ramp. How I want to build my own boat ramp. How can I get guidance and what do I need can I get guidance and what do I need to do?to do?


The Commission's Division of Engineering The Commission's Division of Engineering Services uses design guidelines that can Services uses design guidelines that can be applied to most sites. You may obtain a be applied to most sites. You may obtain a copy of these guidelines by faxing a copy of these guidelines by faxing a request to 919 707-0162 with your fax request to 919 707-0162 with your fax number and what type of guidance you number and what type of guidance you hope to obtain. hope to obtain.


You will also need to obtain all the proper You will also need to obtain all the proper permits for construction of the boat ramp.permits for construction of the boat ramp.

To inquire about the appropriate permits To inquire about the appropriate permits you may visit the Division of Coastal you may visit the Division of Coastal Management's Web site if you are in a Management's Web site if you are in a coastal county or the US Army Corps of coastal county or the US Army Corps of Engineers if you are not in a coastal Engineers if you are not in a coastal county. county.

Technical Assistance for Boating Technical Assistance for Boating Access FacilitiesAccess Facilities

The Division of Engineering Services hasThe Division of Engineering Services has

some information that can be used as asome information that can be used as a

guide when constructing a boat ramp. It isguide when constructing a boat ramp. It is

important to understand that each of theseimportant to understand that each of these

guidelines vary depending on siteguidelines vary depending on site

characteristics. characteristics.

Standard Dimensions for Standard Dimensions for Concrete Launch Ramp: Concrete Launch Ramp:

Length:Length: Varies by site characteristics. Ensure Varies by site characteristics. Ensure that the bottom of the ramp at Mean Low Water that the bottom of the ramp at Mean Low Water (MLW) will be in at least 3' of water. The top of (MLW) will be in at least 3' of water. The top of the ramp should be at least 1' above MHW. the ramp should be at least 1' above MHW.

Width:Width: Single launch ramp should be at least 14' Single launch ramp should be at least 14' wide. wide.

Thickness:Thickness: Concrete should be at least 6". Concrete should be at least 6". Typically, designs are for a 25 year return period. Typically, designs are for a 25 year return period.

Launch Ramp Slope: Launch Ramp Slope:

Approximately 14%, but can vary from Approximately 14%, but can vary from 15% to 12.5% 15% to 12.5%

Construction and Materials:Construction and Materials:

Sub-grade Preparation:Sub-grade Preparation: The concrete The concrete ramp should be placed on compacted ramp should be placed on compacted aggregate which is placed on geotextile aggregate which is placed on geotextile fabric to prevent washout. The Wildlife fabric to prevent washout. The Wildlife Resources Commission uses Class "A" Resources Commission uses Class "A" erosion control stone and a 6" layer of No. erosion control stone and a 6" layer of No. 4 or smaller washed stone for the 4 or smaller washed stone for the compacted aggregate. compacted aggregate.


Push Slab:Push Slab: The Commission uses a push The Commission uses a push slab for the launch ramp below Mean Low slab for the launch ramp below Mean Low Water Level (MLW). This steel reinforced Water Level (MLW). This steel reinforced concrete slab is cast on upland and is concrete slab is cast on upland and is allowed to cure (21 day minimum) before it allowed to cure (21 day minimum) before it is pushed into place with a bulldozer. is pushed into place with a bulldozer. Typically, a 32'L X 14'W X 6" push slab Typically, a 32'L X 14'W X 6" push slab can be properly placed when the water can be properly placed when the water level is at MLW. level is at MLW.


Cast in Place Section:Cast in Place Section: Once the push Once the push slab is cast in place, there should be at slab is cast in place, there should be at least 2 to 3 feet of ramp left above the least 2 to 3 feet of ramp left above the water line. The remaining ramp should be water line. The remaining ramp should be cast in place. cast in place.

Additional Information that you Additional Information that you can request:can request:

Steel Reinforcement for the ramp Steel Reinforcement for the ramp Concrete Mix Concrete Concrete Mix Concrete Finishing for anti-slip (V-grooved) Finishing for anti-slip (V-grooved) Guidelines when the ramp is placed with Guidelines when the ramp is placed with

water above MLW water above MLW Guidelines for sites with high erosion or Guidelines for sites with high erosion or

current current

Additional Information that you Additional Information that you can request:can request:

Maneuver area guidelines Maneuver area guidelines Guidelines with adjusting the ramp slope Guidelines with adjusting the ramp slope Vendors for ordering materials Vendors for ordering materials Parking Area Guidelines Parking Area Guidelines Access Channel Guidelines Access Channel Guidelines

Logical Lasting LaunchesLogical Lasting Launches

Ch. 1: THE ABCs OF LOGICAL, LASTING Ch. 1: THE ABCs OF LOGICAL, LASTING LAUNCHES (Introduction) LAUNCHES (Introduction)

Ch. 2: QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO Ch. 2: QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE TO LAUNCH TYPES AND USESLAUNCH TYPES AND USES

Ch. 3: DESIGNING ACCESSIBLE LAUNCHES Ch. 3: DESIGNING ACCESSIBLE LAUNCHES IN ACCORDANCE WITH AMERICAN WITH IN ACCORDANCE WITH AMERICAN WITH DISABILITIES ACT ACCESSIBILITY DISABILITIES ACT ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINESGUIDELINES

Ch. 4: SIMPLE LAUNCHESCh. 4: SIMPLE LAUNCHES Ch. 5: FLOATING LAUNCHES Ch. 5: FLOATING LAUNCHES

Logical Lasting LaunchesLogical Lasting Launches

Ch. 6: PIPE AND PILE LAUNCHESCh. 6: PIPE AND PILE LAUNCHESCh. 7: CANTILEVER LAUNCHESCh. 7: CANTILEVER LAUNCHESCh. 8: CONCRETE LAUNCH DESIGNS Ch. 8: CONCRETE LAUNCH DESIGNS Ch. 9: STAIRWAY VARIATIONS Ch. 9: STAIRWAY VARIATIONS Ch. 10: PORTAGES AROUND DAMSCh. 10: PORTAGES AROUND DAMSCh. 11: LOW-IMPACT DESIGNS Ch. 11: LOW-IMPACT DESIGNS INDEX OF CASE EXAMPLES, DESIGNS, INDEX OF CASE EXAMPLES, DESIGNS,

PHOTOSPHOTOS

Logical Lasting Launches Logical Lasting Launches Quick Reference GuideQuick Reference Guide






Speaker ContactSpeaker Contact

Grace Lawrence, Agent Wake CountyGrace Lawrence, Agent Wake County

Center North Carolina State UniversityCenter North Carolina State University

4001-E Carya Drive Raleigh, NC 276104001-E Carya Drive Raleigh, NC 27610

[email protected][email protected]

919-250-1106919-250-1106

919-250-1097 (fax) 919-250-1097 (fax) www.ces.ncsu.edu/wakewww.ces.ncsu.edu/wake www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwaterwww.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

ReferencesReferences

Coast*A*Syst:Coast*A*Syst:http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/cas/docks/http://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/cas/docks/

Logical Lasting Launches:Logical Lasting Launches:http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/ht_launch_guide.htmlhttp://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/helpfultools/ht_launch_guide.html

NC DOT:NC DOT:http://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/traffic/teppl/Topics/W-27/W-27_s.pdfhttp://www.ncdot.org/doh/preconstruct/traffic/teppl/Topics/W-27/W-27_s.pdf

NC Sea GrantNC Sea Granthttp://www.ncseagrant.org/index.cfmhttp://www.ncseagrant.org/index.cfm

NC Wildlife Resources Commission:NC Wildlife Resources Commission:http://www.ncwildlife.org/fs_index_05_boating.htmhttp://www.ncwildlife.org/fs_index_05_boating.htm

Small Footprint Water Accesses:Small Footprint Water Accesses:http://www.iowadnr.com/watertrails/files/smallaccess.pdfhttp://www.iowadnr.com/watertrails/files/smallaccess.pdf

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Session IV Planning & Construction Grace Lawrence.

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