Shakespeare & The Renaissance. The Life of Bill William Shakespeare April 23, 1564 - April 23, 161.

Shakespeare & The Renaissance

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The Life of Bill

William ShakespeareApril 23, 1564 - April 23, 161





The Life of Bill:Family PARENTS:

Understood all walks of life and social classes - Father was a glover and a leather merchant, mother was a land heiress, which put them in the working class, but with benefits and respect.

FAMILY:

Married Anne Hathaway in 1582. (He was 18 while she was 26 and pregnant)

3 kids: Susanna, Twins – Hamnet and Judith



The Life of Bill: Career

ACTING CAREER:



1594 – actor, writer, and a managing partner for the Lord Chamberlain’s Men’s Company

LCM Company – acting company patronized by royalty and popular by the public


Wrote 154 sonnets, 2 epic narratives, and 38 plays including:

Comedies: 12th Night, Measure for Measure, Taming of the Shrew

Histories: Henry’s and Richard’s

Tragedies: Hamlet, King Lear, Othello

Late Romances: Tempest




Known for prose, witty poetry, and blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter).



No dictionaries or grammar books = learned from other educated writers

Credited with introducing 3,000+ words/phrases into the language:

Bedroom, dawn, gossip, gloomy, fashionable, bump, cold-blooded, Break the ice, breathed his last, dog will have his day, good-riddance, sent packing, seen better days, heart of gold

The Life of Bill: Language

Only one generation from what we speak today

Reading Hints:

Thou = you

T’is = it is

Don’t pronounce the apostrophe at the end of words; apostrophes are for other vowels (Ex. cat I’ th’ adage = cat in the adage)



http://www.william-shakespeare.org.uk/shakespeare-insults-dictionary.htm

The Life of Bill: Language

The only thing that is different from modern time is the WORD ORDER in which the characters speak.

For example:

Thou =

The Life of Bill: Works

Elizabethan Drama – turn away from religious subjects and began more sophisticated plays drawing from the ancient Romans and Greek

Many Tragedies – hero hit with disaster

Carefully crafted, unrhymed, rich language, vivid imagery



Time Period: Renaissance

QUEEN ELIZABETH (1558-1603)

England emerges as naval and commercial power of Western world after defeating the Spanish armada

England firmly established the Church of England, which attacks Catholics and witches.

The C.O.E. begun with her father, Henry VIII, after a disagreement with the pope over whether or not he could be granted a divorce.




QUEEN ELIZABETH (1558-1603)



There were Catholic plots to kill Queen Elizabeth since she was from her father’s second marriage. Catholics wished to crown Mary Scot, her cousin instead.

Mary Scot was eventually imprisoned for 19 years and then beheaded.

VS

England Scotland


JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND (Mary Scot’s son!!!)

is crowned as JAMES I OF ENGLAND1605 – Gun Powder Plot: Catholics plot to blow up king and Parliament

Guy Fawkes rented a cellar under the House of Lords, where he stored 36 barrels of gun-powder. This unsuccessful act increased Catholic persecution. Until this day in England, Nov. 5th is known as Guy Fawkes Day. The English burn dummies of Guy and set off fireworks to celebrate.




JAMES I OF ENGLAND1607 – Jamestown settled

1611 – King James Bible published

Witch Trials continue



The Globe Theater: History

1576 – Known as “The Theater” (1594 – closed briefly for the plague).

1599 – Tore down and drug across the Thames river after a legal dispute.

1613 – Burnt down from a fire started by a canon shot during a Henry VIII performance.



The Globe Theater: History 1642 – Officially closed by Puritan regime

Run predominately by the Lord Chamberlain’s Men Company



The Globe Theater: Construction

Open octagon, 3 stories high, 100 ft in diameter

Fits 3,000 spectators

Microcosm of London

Pit– (1 pence) Groundlings/Peasants; standing room only, fruit and nuts sold

3 tiers – (2 pence) upper class seating

Behind stage – royalty (so everyone could see them )





The Globe Theater: Construction

No real scenery:audience goes off of

exaggerated language and movement

Effects: Trap doors, balcony

entrances, rope riggings, etc.

Fireworks (lightning), rolled canon balls (thunder)



The Globe Theater: Plays

Plays performed during the day for lighting (2-5pm)

Actors were only men. Young boys played

the roles of women.



Macbeth: Writing Patronage

THE PLAY MACBETH WAS WRITTEN

SPECIFICIALLY FOR KING JAMES I:(1)He was obsessed with

demonology, the idea of magic and witches.

(2) Experienced the Gun Powder Plot, an assassination attempt.



Macbeth: Writing Patronage

3) Scottish History: It is loosely based on the career of King Macbeth of Scotland. Macbeth, a commander under King Duncan I, murdered Duncan in 1040 and claimed the kingdom for himself. After a rule of 17 years, Macbeth was killed by Duncan’s son Malcolm, who later became King Malcolm III. Banquo was written as a good guy since King James I was one of his descendents.

(4) Short because the King liked short plays QuickTime™ and a

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(The real Macbeth, King Duncan, Malcolm, Banquo and Lady Macbeth all lived in the 1000s Beowulf’s times!)

Macbeth: The Curse

THE CURSE: Supposedly, saying the name

"Macbeth" inside a theater will bring bad luck to the play and anyone acting in it.

The only exception is when the word is spoken as a line in the play. People actually refer to the play as “The Scottish Play” or “MacB” when at the theater.



Macbeth: The Curse

The ritual's practitioners were not amused by this detailed public exposure of their witchcraft. Iit is said that as punishment they cast an

everlasting spell on the play, turning it into the most

illstarred of all theatrical

productions.

WHY IT STARTED: In order to please King James I, Shakespeare casted his imagination aside and used a real 17th century black-magic ritual for the opening scene of Macbeth's Act IV (a sort of “how-to” for budding witches.) Without changing an ingredient, he provided his audience with step-by-step instructions of how to create a real spell!



HOW TO AVOID THE CURSE: In order to reverse the bad luck, the person

who uttered the word must:1) Exit the theater, 2) Spin around three times saying a profanity3) And then ask for permission to return inside *OR4) Some believe that you can repeat the words

"Thrice around the circle bound, Evil sink into the ground,"

Macbeth: The Curse

First Macbeth Performance Ever: Beginning with its first performance, in 1606, Dear Will himself was forced to play Lady Macbeth when Hal Berridge, the boy designated to play the lady, became inexplicably feverish and died. Moreover, the bloody play so displeased King James I that he banned it for five years.

Amsterdam, 1672: The actor playing Macbeth substituted a real dagger for the blunted stage one and with it killed Duncan in full view of the entranced audience.

Lady Macbeth incidents: Sarah Siddons was nearly ravaged by a disapproving audience in 1775; Sybil Thorndike was almost strangled by a burly actor in 1926; Diana Wynyard sleepwalked off the rostrum in 1948, falling down 15 feet.

New York, 1849: During its performance at New York's Astor Place, a riot broke out in which 31 people were trampled to death. Macduff, was mugged soon after the play's opening.

Macbeth: Proof of the Curse

USA, 1937: When Laurence Olivier took on the role of Macbeth, a 25 pound stage weight crashed within an inch of him, and his sword which broke onstage flew into the audience and hit a man who later suffered a heart attack.

1934: British actor Malcolm Keen turned mute onstage, and his replacement, Alister Sim, like Hal Berridge before him, developed a high fever and had to be hospitalized.

1942: The Macbeth production headed by John Gielgud, three actors -- Duncan and two witches -- died, and the costume and set designer committed suicide amidst his devilish Macbeth creations.

Bermuda, 1952: Charlton Heston, in an outdoor production, suffered severe burns in his groin and leg area from tights that were accidentally soaked in kerosene.

Recent Years: An actor's strike felled Rip Torn's 1970 production in New York City. Two fires and seven robberies plagued the 1971 version starring David Leary.

Macbeth: Proof of The Curse

ACT I: i-iii TERMS

Elizabethan Drama: Plays that turn away from religious subjects and begins to model ancient Greek and Roman plays with sophisticated plots

Tragedy: serious play in which the chief figures, through peculiarity of character, pass through a serious of misfortunes, eventually leading to a catastrophe and downfall

– Act I (happiness)– Act II (conflict begins) – Shakespearean Climax– Act III (conflict could’ve been avoided but isn’t) – Act IV (downfall/catastrophe)– Act V (consequences/aftermath)

ACT I: i-iii TERMS

Aside – a convention in drama whereby a character onstage addresses the audience to reveal some inner thought or feeling, inaudible to other characters onstage

– MACBETH: The greatest is behind us. Thanks for your pains [Aside to Banquo] Do you not hope your children will be kings…?

Soliloquy – monologue delivered by a character while alone onstage revealing inner thoughts, emotions, or some other information the audience needs to know

Prophesy – predicted occurrence, Fate

Paradox – a statement which reveals a kind of truth which at first seems contradictory

– “Foul is fair and fair is foul”

Macbeth: SettingScotland

Inverness (Macbeth’s Castle near Dunsinane and Birnahm Woods)

Fife (MacDuff’s Castle)Cawdor & Glamis (territories in

Scotland)

England Ireland Norway



Macbeth: Setting





ACT I: i-iii CHARACTERS

Weird Sisters (1st, 2nd,and 3rd witch)supernatural entitieswyrd (Old English) = weird (Scottish) = FATE

Duncan – King of Scotland Malcom – Duncan’s oldest son Macbeth – Thane of Glamis

Thane - feudal lord Banquo – commander with Macbeth Captain – Captain of Scotland’s army Angus, Lennox, & Ross – Scottish nobles

ACT II TERMSHamaratia: tragic flaw that leads to a characters

downfall

Hubris: having excessive pride – Example of a tragic flaw

Divine Right of Rule: God appoints/chooses a person to reign as king

Internal Conflict: Inside/Personal forces– Macbeth: ? ? ? – Lady Macbeth: ? ? ?

External Conflict: External or outside forces– Macbeth: ? ? ?

ACT II TERMS

Comic Relief: humorous scene or passage inserted into an otherwise serious work (emotional outlet for audience to contrast seriousness of work)

Anadiplosis (Greek for “doubling”): Repeating the last word of a clause at the beginning of the next clause

– Ex. Yoda - "Fear leads to anger; anger leads to hatred; hatred leads to conflict; conflict leads to suffering."


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DANTE’S

LEVELS

OF

HELL

(pg. 9)

• Our levels of hell would be looked at differently today because of how our priorities have changed.

• However, it is important to understand how people of the time ranked “evils.” Put in modern day people where they would fit for each level of hell.



DANTE’S HELLDANTE’S HELL

DANTE’S HELLDANTE’S HELL• 1st Ring: In Limbo

– Un-baptized –

• 2nd Ring: Lustful –

• 3rd Ring: Gluttonous –

• 4th Ring: Hoarders & Wasters

• 5th Ring: Wrathful –

• 6th Ring: Heretics –

• 7th Ring: Violent

– Violent against People/Property –

– Violent against themselves –

– Violent against God, Nature, or Art –

DANTE’S HELLDANTE’S HELL• 8th Ring: Fraudulent or Deliberately Evil

– Pardoners and Seducers –

– Flatterers –

– Simony (accepting money for sins) –

– Sorcerers and False Prophets –

– Corrupt Politicians –

– Hypocrites –

– Thieves –

– Fraudulent Advisors –

– Sowers of Discord –

– Falsifiers –

DANTE’S HELLDANTE’S HELL•9th Ring: Traitors

– To kin (family) –

– To politics (party/king/country) –

– To guests –

– To lords or benefactors –







MACBETH: ACT IV, SCENE iii

MACBETH: ACT IV, SCENE iii1. Malcolm says, “I am young, but something you may deserve of him through me, and

wisdom to offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb to appease an angry god” (IV.iii.16-20). Explain what Malcolm is worried about?

2. How does Malcolm describe his predicted reign as king on page 143 and 145? Write down at least two lines. Why does he describe himself to Macduff like this?

1. Macduff seems to make excuses for Malcolm to being with, but then change his mind. How does Macduff react to these descriptions in the end (IV.iii.?

2. Why does Malcolm say he retracts all of those earlier descriptions? (IV.iii. 133-150)

3. Who is Siward and what is he doing as we speak?

4. What gift does the King of England possess (IV.iii. 170-181)? Explain it.

5. After talking in circles for some time, Ross says, “Let not your ears despise my tongue forever” (IV.iii.231-2). What devastating news does Ross bring Macduff?

6. Of the devastating news that Macduff receives, Malcolm tells him to “Dispute it like a man” (IV.iii.259). What does Macduff mean when he replies, “I shall do so, but I must also feel it as a man?” (IV.iii. 260-1)

1. Malcolm says, “I am young, but something you may deserve of him through me, and wisdom to offer up a weak, poor, innocent lamb to appease an angry god” (IV.iii.16-20). Explain what Malcolm is worried about?

2. How does Malcolm describe his predicted reign as king on page 143 and 145? Write down at least two lines. Why does he describe himself to Macduff like this?

1. Macduff seems to make excuses for Malcolm to being with, but then change his mind. How does Macduff react to these descriptions in the end (IV.iii.?

2. Why does Malcolm say he retracts all of those earlier descriptions? (IV.iii. 133-150)

3. Who is Siward and what is he doing as we speak?

4. What gift does the King of England possess (IV.iii. 170-181)? Explain it.

5. After talking in circles for some time, Ross says, “Let not your ears despise my tongue forever” (IV.iii.231-2). What devastating news does Ross bring Macduff?

6. Of the devastating news that Macduff receives, Malcolm tells him to “Dispute it like a man” (IV.iii.259). What does Macduff mean when he replies, “I shall do so, but I must also feel it as a man?” (IV.iii. 260-1)

MACBETH TERMS

ELIZABETHAN DRAMA: Plays that turn away from religious subjects and begins to model ancient Greek and Roman plays with sophisticated plots

SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDY: Serious play in which the chief figures, through peculiarity of character, pass through a serious of misfortunes, eventually leading to a catastrophe and downfall

– Act I (happiness)– Act II (conflict begins) – Shakespearean Climax, – Act III (conflict could’ve been avoided but isn’t), – Act IV (downfall/catastrophe), – Act V (consequences/aftermath)

MACBETH THEMESMACBETH THEMES• WEATHER/SUPERNATURAL

– Witches & Deaths

• APPEARANCE vs. REALITY– People look and pretend to be different than their inner

emotions/motives• ___________: “There’s no art to find the mind’s construction in the face”• ___________: “Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under ‘t”• ___________: “Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck”• ___________: “I put myself to thy direction, and unspeak my own detraction… this was

my first false speaking.”

• MANHOOD/MASCULINITY– Lady Macbeth, Macbeth, Macduff

• WEATHER/SUPERNATURAL– Witches & Deaths

• APPEARANCE vs. REALITY– People look and pretend to be different than their inner

emotions/motives• ___________: “There’s no art to find the mind’s construction in the face”• ___________: “Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under ‘t”• ___________: “Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck”• ___________: “I put myself to thy direction, and unspeak my own detraction… this was

my first false speaking.”

• MANHOOD/MASCULINITY– Lady Macbeth, Macbeth, Macduff

MACBETH THEMESMACBETH THEMES• FATE vs. FREE WILL

– Predestination or choice… Did Macbeth speed up process in kiling Duncan or will it happen anyway? Was it in the cards for Macbeth to kill him?

• Fate: Macbeth was fated to kill Duncan regardless of what the witches said. It was all part of the plan/predestination.

• Free Will: Macbeth made the decision to kill Duncan and take things into his own hands. He would’ve gotten the throne sometime anyway.

• AMBITION– Macbeth’s Hamaratia - leads to his downfall

• FATE vs. FREE WILL– Predestination or choice… Did Macbeth speed up process in

kiling Duncan or will it happen anyway? Was it in the cards for Macbeth to kill him?

• Fate: Macbeth was fated to kill Duncan regardless of what the witches said. It was all part of the plan/predestination.

• Free Will: Macbeth made the decision to kill Duncan and take things into his own hands. He would’ve gotten the throne sometime anyway.

• AMBITION– Macbeth’s Hamaratia - leads to his downfall

MACBETH REVIEW• MACBETH TEST ON MOODLE TOMORROW!

• BREAK DOWN (60 pts.) Character Matching - 14 pts. Correcting False Statements - 12 pts. Multiple Choice - 14 pts. Quote Identification - 10 pts. Essay - 10 pts

*Retakes must be completed on your own time by Tuesday, June 15th at 7:45am…NO EXCEPTIONS!

MACBETH REVIEW

• SCOTLAND King Duncan

• Malcolm & Donalbain Macbeth Banquo Nobles:

• Lennox, Ross, Angus, Menteith

•ENGLANDKing EdwardSiward

Young Siward*Malcolm*Macduff

SUPERNATURALWitches

CHARACTER LIST

MACBETH REVIEW• THEMES:

Appearances can be deceiving• Witches Paradox: “Foul is fair and fair is foul”

Fate vs. Free Will Ambition

• Macbeth’s Hamaratia (ambition) drives him to his downfall

• TERMS TO KNOW (not already mentioned): Elizabethan Drama Shakespearean Tragedy Comic Relief Soliloquy Internal/External Conflict Background Information on Shakespeare & his time

SCENE PERFORMANCES

» Decisions, Decisions - Group & Act» Brainstorm Setting & Character

Roles» Re-Write the lines to be

appropriate to your setting» Rehearsal» Props» The Final Curtain

» Decisions, Decisions - Group & Act» Brainstorm Setting & Character

Roles» Re-Write the lines to be

appropriate to your setting» Rehearsal» Props» The Final Curtain

SCENE PERFORMANCES

» DUE FRIDAY:

1) Cast List & Roles2) Summary/Explanation of Setting and

Act/Scene3) Typed Modernized Lines

» DUE MONDAY: Performance using Props

» DUE FRIDAY:

1) Cast List & Roles2) Summary/Explanation of Setting and

Act/Scene3) Typed Modernized Lines

» DUE MONDAY: Performance using Props

SCENE PERFORMANCES ~ DUE FRIDAY ~

» Scene Summary: Type up a summary

of how your setting fits the ENTIRE STORY of Macbeth. Include all characters and how they fit, as well as where/what the setting is.

» Scene Summary: Type up a summary

of how your setting fits the ENTIRE STORY of Macbeth. Include all characters and how they fit, as well as where/what the setting is.

» Modernized Lines: Type out your

modernized lines by character. Be detailed and specific. Your lines need to represent the original conversation, yet written in the style of your new setting.

» Modernized Lines: Type out your

modernized lines by character. Be detailed and specific. Your lines need to represent the original conversation, yet written in the style of your new setting.

SCENE PERFORMANCES ~ DUE FRIDAY ~

Macbeth: Why should I give up. I’d rather see them die!

[Macduff Enters]

Macduff: Turn around! Macbeth: Get out of here. I’ve

already taken too much of your families blood.

Macduff: I’m not here to talk. I’m here to kill you!

[They fight]

Macbeth: Careful loser. You can’t beat me. I lead a charmed life! No one born from a woman can kill me!

Macduff: That’s funny. I was a C-section! So prepare to die!

Macbeth: Why should I give up. I’d rather see them die!

[Macduff Enters]

Macduff: Turn around! Macbeth: Get out of here. I’ve

already taken too much of your families blood.

Macduff: I’m not here to talk. I’m here to kill you!

[They fight]

Macbeth: Careful loser. You can’t beat me. I lead a charmed life! No one born from a woman can kill me!

Macduff: That’s funny. I was a C-section! So prepare to die!



Original Modernized

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Shakespeare & The Renaissance. The Life of Bill William Shakespeare April 23, 1564 - April 23, 161.

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