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AUTOMATIC REVERSE BRAKINGSYSTEM USING IR SENSOR

Team Members

1. D.Sathya Prakash (09ME36)2. R.Shanmugam (09ME37)

3. M.Siva Kumar (09ME38)

Guided by,

Mr.M.Deepakumaran., M.E.

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ABSTRACTThe aim is to design a automatic reverse braking system For a

purpose of prevent collision between the vehicle and any objects while

moving in the reverse path.

The main advantage of this is there is no need of manual power if any

objects in the reverse path the sensor senses the object and the brake is

applied automatically.

The high quality IR sensor is used to sense the objects on reverse

path. The design is based on intelligent electronically controlled automotive

braking system is called INTELLIGENT REVERSE BRAKING

SYSTEM.

Sensor Operated Pneumatic Brake is consists of IR transmitter and

Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The IR sensor

is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR

sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking

system.

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INTRODUCTION

We have pleasure in introducing our new project INTELLIGENTBRAKING SYSTEM, which is fully equipped by IR sensors circuit and

pneumatic breaking circuit. It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and

designed for automobile vehicles. This forms an integral part of best quality.

This product underwent strenuous test in our automobile vehicles and it is good.

The PNEUMATIC BRAKING CIRCUIT can stop the vehicle within

2 to 3 seconds running at a speed of 50KM.The intelligent breaking system

is a fully automation project.

This is an ear of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of

manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation

remains an essential part of the system although with changing demands on

physical input as the degree of mechanization is increased.

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NEED FOR AUTOMATION1. To achieve mass production2. To reduce man power

3. To increase the efficiency of the plant

4. To reduce the work load

5. To reduce the production cost

6. To reduce the production time

7. To reduce the material handling

8. To reduce the fatigue of workers

9. To achieve good product quality

10. Less maintenance

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BASIC LAYOUT

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TYPES OF BRAKING

The brakes for automotive use may be classified

according the following considerations.

1. PURPOSE

2. LOCATION

3. CONSTRUCTION

4. METHOD OF ACTUATION

5. EXTRA BRAKING EFFORT

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MECHANICAL BRAKE

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HYDRAULIC BRAKE

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AIR BRAKE

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REGENERATIVE BRAKE

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BRAKING SYSTEM USED IN OUR

PROJECT

Air Brake System

An air brake system uses compressed air to apply the brakes.Air under pressure can be conveniently stored and carried throughlines or tubes.

Reason for Selection of Air Brake

Free resources so no refilling or changing required.

Air pressure is quick to act and hence air brakes are immediate.

The pressure of brake applied is directly proportional to the air pressure.

A little feather touch would apply the same pressure.

Air brakes can effectively stop loads of over 14 tons.

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COMPONENTS USED IN AIR BRAKE

1. PNEUMATIC SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER

PISTON

PISTON ROD

CYLINDER COVER PLATES

2. SOLENOID VALVE

3. FLOW CONTROL VALVE

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IR SENSOR

IR Transmitter

The IR transmitting circuit is used in many projects. The IR transmittersends 40 kHz (frequency can be adjusted) carrier under 555 timer control. IRcarriers at around 40 kHz carrier frequencies are widely used in TV remotecontrolling and ICs for receiving these signals are quite easily available.

IR Receiver

The transmitted signal reflected by the obstacle and the IR receivercircuit receives the signal and giving control signal to the control unit. Thecontrol unit activates the pneumatic breaking system, so that break was applied.

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WORKING OPERATION

3/2 SINGLE ACTING SOLENOID (OR) CUT OFF VALVE

This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as

a one way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only

one way and it cant return back. By using this valve the time consumption

is reduced because of the faster movement of the piston.

IR SENSOR UNIT

The IR transmitter and IR receiver circuit is used to sense the

obstacle. It is fixed to the back side of the frame stand with a suitable

arrangement. The pneumatic cylinder is controlled by the flow controlvalve, single acting solenoid valve and control unit.

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AT NORMAL CONDITION

The IR transmitter sensor is transmitting the infrared rays with the

help of IC 555 timer circuit. These infrared rays are received by the IR

receiver sensor. The transistor T1, T2 and T3 are used as an

amplifier section. At normal condition transistor T5 is OFF conditions. At

that time relay is OFF, so that the vehicle running continuously.

AT OBSTACLE CONDITION

At obstacle conditions the IR transmitter and IR receiver, the

resistance across the transmitter and receiver is high due to the non -conductivity of the IR waves. So the output of transistor T5 goes from OFF

condition ON stage. In that time the relay is ON position. In that time, the

solenoid valve is on so that the vehicle stops.

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The important components of our project are

1. IR Transmitter2. IR Receiver

3. Control Unit with Power Supply

4. Solenoid Valves

5. Flow Control Valve

The IR Transmitter circuit is to transmit the infra red rays. If anyobstacle is there in a path, the infra red rays reflected. This reflected infra redrays are received by the receiver circuit is called IR Receiver.

The IR Receiver circuit receives the reflected IR rays and giving thecontrol signal to the control circuit. The control circuit is used to activate thesolenoid valve. The operating principle of solenoid valve is on so that thevehicle stops.

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ADVANTAGES

1. Brake cost will be less.

2. Free from wear adjustment.

3. Less power consumption.

4. Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.

5. It gives simplified very operation.

6. Installation is simplified very much.

7. To avoid other burnable interactions viz. (Diaphragm) is not used.

8. Less time and more profit.

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DISADVANTAGES

1. Excessive use of brake results in overheating and leads to brake fade.

Brake fade results from excessive heat causing chemical changes in the

brake lining that reduces friction and causes expansion of the brake drums.

2. Failure of IR sensor or control unit is not indicated

3. It is not effective in round turn or turning more than 30 degree.

4. Excessive Oil and Water Present in the Air Brake System causes the

Reservoirs to corrode if not drained often enough.

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APPLICATION

1. For automobile application

Air brakes are used on heavy trucks.

Agricultural tractor and trailer.

Forestry vehicles.

City Works vehicles.

2. Industrial application.

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