1
She Democratic 3ttmo£ate. WESTMINSTER, MD, SATURDAY, APRIL 2, 1898. VOL. XXXIII.—NO. 23. ' P PER annum. \Vm. F. Derr. I Wm. F. Derr. j Wm. P. Dm THE GREAT MODEL EMPORIUM, HEAD TO FOOT OUTFITTERS FOR LADIES. BABYLON BUILDING, WEST OF RAILROAD. m ALL DEPARTMENTS TOU g From .Millinery to Gloves. From .Silks to Wash Goods. From Laces to the Daintiest Ribbons. From a Dress Pattern to a Tailor Suit. From Foreign Fabrics to Domestic Weaves. __ - fn Every Fancy the heart can wish FOR EASTER TRADING. Our Opening Display of PARIS MILLINERY AND EASTER FASHIONS iTO-DAY i Is of especial interest to you. We shall be glad to have you come. O&r ALL ARE CORDIALLY WELCOMED! FASTER MILLINERY OPENING. NEW EASTER GLOVES. l\,r months our Millinery Artist has been investigating The new Glove stock will undoubtedly prove interesting, anti planning for this all important display, looking to the inter- The colors of the season are exquisite; the quality never bet- etufour many customers, and we are now ready with a most ter, the styles the very newest and the prices—well, they aie satisfactory showing of EASTER HATS and BONNETS far the lowest for like qualities. ahead of any previous season. 1 ® " JAUNTY DRESS SKIRTS AND SUITS. \l 1111. ILK tiOODS ( Ol NIKI! Novel materials, made up in the season’s most fashiona- We display every desirable material and weave, in all the Mo styles. Not only correct in style, hut correct in make; newest colorings, both in Silk and Wool Fabrics, with appro- the hang is right and the finish is all that first-class tailoring priate trimmings to match the dress. could contribute. The SILK WAISTS are very attractive. Kg#- REMEMBER DATE OF OUR OPENING. THE GREAT MODEL EMPORIUM. WM. F. DERR, null lie WESTMINSTER. MD. [Telephone No. 77.] TRADE PALACE, | 937 and 939 W. Baltimore Street, j BALTIMORE, MD, SPECIAL PRICES. ! 1 DRESS GOODS. j As an extra inducement to visitors In our I Itress Goods Department we have fixed the | prices at one-half the former price. SI.OO goods for 50c.; 75c goods for :>7.’.c.; 50c goods for 25c.; and 25c goods for 12Ac. We put on sale about 20 pieces of plain double width Cashmere, regular price 2->c, special Idle. 25 pieces double width Plaids and Checks, splendid for Children s Dresses and Waists, at 124 c. Double width all Wool Imperial Serges, i in all colors, at 25c. _ j i do inch all woo! fine French Serges, in all j the latest fall colorings, would be cheap at 75c. I 49e. 58 inch Novelty Cloth, newest designs in | Silk and Wool mixtures, 00c would be cheap, special 50c. " The new Moscovine, one of the leaders <>t fashion, in all the new shades for tailor made Dresses, 98e. j SILKS. There may be other stores that can buy j j silks for as little as this store does, but there i are none that are willing to sell them at such ! i a small profit ns we do. SI.OO Brocaded Satin Duchesne, newest ! patterns, for Shirts and Dresses, at 621 c. We have made special low prices on all our j ready-made Skirts, Capes and Coats, Com- j forts and Blankets, Domestics, Ladies and I Gent's, Underwear, Lace Curtains and Dra- i peries, Linings, etc. This is an occasion that few can resist, for , what woman is not interested m her new fall Di•ess and Wrap, new shades of gloves, dainty j Trimmings. The Trade Palace ‘‘Sale" tells ofthese and every detail of a lady's costume. We give trade coupons with every sale. TRADE PALACE, 937 and 939 W. Baltimore St., j oel 23 near Schroederst., Baltimore, Md, | J) R - w - J - SELBY DOUBLE DENTAL PARLORS. 1 hereby uotifiy the public that 1 have per- manently located in Westminster, Md., to practice my profession, and have opened a DOUBLE DENTAL OFFICE, adjoining that of Dr. E. D. Wells, No. 80 East Main street. lam prepared to perform all operations pertaining to BtaT DENTAL SURGERY. All work guaranteed to give satisfaction. Teeth Extracted positively without Pain, also Painless Filling. febo-tf UK. JOSEPH T. IIERIXG. IMI. TWOS. J. COOXAX. 1 DRS. HERINQ & OOONAN Have this day, July 16, 1897, formed a co- partnership for the practice of medicine. Of- fice will be at the present office of Dr. Bering, opposite the Union National Bank, West- -1 minster, Md. OFFICE HOURS. 7 to 9 A. M. JOS. T. BERING, 12 to 2 P. M. THOS. J. COONAN. 6 to 8 P. M. jnly 17 BENNETT & CO., NEAR THE DEPOT, WESTMINSTER, MD. LUMBER. Wv curry at ail times a fall ami complete stock of all kinds ol H MBLK. iioin ilu* lu*st to tin* cheapest, AT PRICES TO SUIT THE TIMES. White Pine and I'ypres-i Shingles. Sash. Doors. Blinds and all kinds of Mill Work furnished on appli- eatiou. COAL. A lull supply always on hand ot" all sizes of the best qualities ot NN hite and j di COAL for all purposes. Free from dirt and slate. .Vise the Celebrated George s j 1 wk Bituminous COAL for steam and smithing purposes. are prepared to deliver LCM BEK and COAL at any point. j'ih-4 J ROOFING SLATE. Telephone Call No. ss?. SMITH & REIFSNIDER, HEADQUARTERS FOR LUMBER, COAL AND SLATE. We have no specialities, everythin" in the Building, Coal Or Slate Lie is nnr speciality. A full U, lo ol - SASH, DOORS, BLINDS and GENERAL MILL WORK has recently been added and in the future we will carry a complete o lfe “me. Carroll county Agents for “Ruberoid Felt Roofing and Uni- v ersal Building Paper. jw. M. Phone No. 13.] Westminster, Md. leffert, tke liquor business. w brands of Whiskies. 7 kinds of Brandies. Brandies and Rums lor imnce **• and Wines of all grades. Brehm’s celebrated Baltimore Beer, best Ww *l; one grade only; on draught and in bottles. Porter and Ale ot. draught. All and. First Pick, two leading brands of Cigars; best for.he price in the county. line of Smoking and Chewing Tobacco in the city. 1 buy for cash and sell t,ir therefore can sell goods vny down in price. All I ask is a trial. I know (, onie back. Xjeppert’S Double Stores, ** 16 5 and lE. Main St. opposite Depot, WESTMINSTER, MD. Iffirtoj). UNBELIEF. BY EtUVARD BL'I.WER LYTTON. There is no unbelief. Whoever plants a seed beneath the sod, And waits to see it push away the clod, lie trusts in find. Whoever says when clouds are in the sky. “Be patient, heart, light breaketh by and-by, - ’ Trusts the Most High. Whoever sees ’uealh winter’s held of snow The silent harvest of the future grow, God’s power must know. Whoever lies down on his couch to sleep Content to lock each sense in slumber deep. Knows God willkeep. Whoever says “Tomorrow,” "the Unknown.” “The future” trusts the Power alone He dares disown. The heart that looks on when eyelids close. And dares to live when life has only woes. Cod’s comfort knows. There is no unbelief, And day by day, and night, unconsciously. The heart that lives by faith and lips deny, Cod knoweth why! diw #Ho. THE MISSISSIPPI LEVEES. Louisiana's Long Battle With the Tellow Flood—Condition# of the Problem —Levee Construction—Causes of Crevasses —The Shotgun Patrol—Work in Flood Time— Harm Done by Crawfish —The Financial Side. Correspondence of the New York Sun. New Orleans, March 17. —Old Father Knickerbocker, who is accustomed to the dignified and regular flow of the Hudson, would be distracted if he had to put up with the Mississippi River and its tantrums. The story of this yellow flood is full of romance, of adventure, of catas- trophe, crawfish and convicts. This is not simple alliteration; it is fact. Northerners who hare been in New Or- leans this winter have been asking two questions: Do you think you will have yellow fever next summer? and. Do you anticipate high water this spring? The Sun correspondent was fortunate enough to put the latter question to Mr. Arsene Per- rilliat, a member of the Louisiana State Board of Engineers. It was Mr. Perril- liat who told of the catastrophes, crawfish and convicts as well as of various other in- teresting things. Even Northerners who have never been in the South have a vague idea that the river here is walled in by artifeal embank- ments called levees; that these levees are h'ghly important in time of floods; that men get out with shot guns and parade up and down these leeves for some purpose not very definite to the mind of the ignor- ant and unleveeed Northerner. A talk with Mr. Perrilliat would crystallize these misty notions into a keen realization of the fact that the levees mean the life or the death of this section of the country ; its life | humanly, agriculturally and commercially | speaking. “In the first place,' said Mr. Perril- | Hat, “this river brings with it a large | amount of* earthy matter in suspension, j It and its tributaries pick up this matter | by washing it from the territory they drain, and so long as the wafer has suffi- cient current velocity—is in sufficient mo- tion—it carries this silt along with it. It is like a glass of water with sediment in it. Ifyou set the water in motion it picks up the sediment little by little and keeps it so until you allow the motion to cease. Our i theory about the Mississippi is that if we could keep the water in sufficient motion it would carry this silt along with it, scour- ing out its bed and keeping itself free of bars. To do this, however, we must con- fine the water to a certain channel and that, unfortunately, is an exceedingly difficult i tiling to do. For the water is not content with picking up the mud and sand from its bed. It borrows material from the sides also, and, as on these sides or banks are our levees, built with our brawn, brain and money, we cannot afford to spare them. Ifthe river is per- mitted to eat into the bank too deeply, it undermines and carries in the protecting levee, and unless this is rebuilt before the next flood we have a crevasse which per- haps changes the whole course of the river and floods hundreds of square miles of ter- ritory. If we had a line of levees of per- manent location, we could be guaranteed against any such danger. “What is the best levee for the condi- tions?’ ’ ••The best levee is an earthen embank- ment. At present it is thrown up from the adjacent land by men with shovels and harrows, or with mules and scrapers. These are crude methods, to be sure, hut they will doubtless be superseded by a more effectual mechanical system, ('lay, or soil of a pasty consistency, is the bast for a levee, but we cannot choose our material. We use the soil which is most convenient. We aim to make our levees follow certain rules of proportion. The crown, which is the flat space on tup, should be eight feet wide, the base should be six times the height plus the width of the crown. That would give the slope its proper inclination of about one vertical to three horizontal. We are doing our best to bring the levee system up to this standard, but it costs vast sums of money, and there are many levees which have a base only times as wide as the bank is high. This makes them entirely too step and very dangerous. “Having got our levee into shape, we plant it with Bermuda grass, which makes a tough coat, holding the earth together by its roots. This grass will generally resist the action of wind waves on the water, unless a log or an old stump or some floating object be battered into it with sufficient force to break through the turf. Then, unless the place is protected by a revetment of planks nr someting of that sort, the water eats further and further into the bank until finally it breaks through altogether “There are several ways in which a crevasse may occur. One is by what we call sloughing. Imagine this bank of earth, the levee, perhaps fourteen feet high, with the water pretty nearly even with the top, and therefore fourteen feet higher than the land lying back of the levee. For days the water has been held by this bank of earth, but in the mean- time it has been slowly percolating through the soil until the mass of the levee is wet and soft. Finally, on the landward side of the bank comes a great crack, not a vertical one, curving down toward the road. The earth has become so soft that a big section of it has become separated from the body, and has slipped down the side of the levee. Unless it is repaired immediately, another section higher up slides down, and then another, until the crown becomes thin and the water breaks through. ‘•What do I do in a case like that? Why, if I have time I set my men at work with their barrows wheeling dirt from the field next the levee. I have them take it up onto the crown and tip it over into the river. It is not carried away. It seems to be, but in reality it is plastered onto the honeycombed water side of the levee and acts like so many little stoppers, plugging j up the holes through which the water is percolating. While some of the men are doing this others are digging a ditch at the base of the levee to vard the fields. This carries oft the water with which the hank is almost saturated, and gi-es the levee the chance it needs to dry out. If we can dry it out. it will contiue to hold back the water. • This is what I do when 1 have time. If 1 haven't time for that, then 1 try to keep any more of the levee from sloughing. This cannot very well be done by throwing earth into the crack already made, although that is the method of most of the settlers il left to themselves. The new earth thrown into the crack is soft, and unless there is something to weight it down the water coming through the softened soil of the le/ee, will turn it into slush in short order. Some weight must be put upon the slough- ing side of the levee to fasten it down, as i it were, back to its original place. To do this we take planks or saplings or young willows and lay them along the weakened spot, bracing them by a plank staked into the ground at the foot of the slide. Then we lay bags of earth on these saplings or have loose earth thrown upon them to try to hold them there while I can repair the ! soft spot on the other side. “One of the most discouraging experi- ences is in constantly racing to keep ahead of the rising water when the levees are too | ’ow. For instance, suppose there are ten miles where the levee is not of sufficient ! height; there was not enough money to make it so. The water is rising perhaps two inches a day. for you know the rapid | rise comes only at the beginning of the flood; I as you near the high-water mark the rate ofrise is much slower. The country is only sparsely settled, and there are not enough men to do the work needed. Moreover, there are about four negroes to one white man, and the negroes, many of them, work only under the threat of a shotgun. Every day these ten miles of levee must he raised two inches in wider to | keep ahead of the water. That is kept up I perhaps day and night for two weeks, the I water creeping, slowly, but surely, up the i hank which the men can barely succeed in | raising to the necessary height. They are utterly fagged out. And then some night ! the levee is overtopped by the rising waters, a weak spot refuses to hold any longer, the water rushes through, a crevasse has oc- curred, and the whole territory is flooded. ‘ ‘Or perhaps some night a drunken darky going home on his mule rides up on the levee to get out of the mud, breaks through the softened and narrow ridge of I earth, and the water finds its outlet. It is i to prevent such accidents that tin- leeves ! are patrolled. It would he unsafe for any 1 one to walk along the levees at such times, i I have been stopped many a time while | driving by in the road. They would de- | maud to know who I was. When I would | reply that I had charge of State levees thev ; would say. Prove it.” “Another thing against which we have to guard is levee cutting. What is one man’s happiness, you know, is another man’s misery. Back of the river plan- tations are the swamps where cypress cut- ters live. They cut and deaden the trees during low water, and then they wait for | high water in the spring, because it is cheaper to float the logs out ihaii to haul them by oxen. Formerly when the levee system was very much inferior to what it is now, they got the high water they wanted, and got it pretty regularly. Now they don’t have it, and so you, see, it may ! be to their interest to have the levees I break. There are shiftless darkies, 100. to consider. When there is a flood. Uncle Sam has on several occasions provided ra- tions for a time, and I have often heard the darkies singing and having a good time when a flood was threatening the levees. They had little to lose, and they had a few months of free rations to gain. We have to force them to come out and work. ••Another enemy is the crawfish. He loves the levees. He burrows into them from both sides, and in discouraging num- bers. After a while two or more of these burrows chance to meet and then there i a hole clear through the levee. We can’t get rid of them. I’ve tried carbolic acid, lime, and all sorts of things, hut if we do kill one, eight or ten come in Ins place. All we can do is to have the inspectors watch the holes. So long as the water coming from them is clear wo know it is all i right; it is only the seepage water which i they collect. When its runs murky, we | know that the hole has tapped the river, and must be plugged up. Another pest is the muskrat. He burrows in from the water side, starting below the surface of the water and burrowing upward until he gets above it. There he sits and waits for the crawfish, which he likes to eat. Pretty soon another muskrat comes along, and they enlarge the hole and the crawfish keep coming and then we have trouble. “Where is the highest levee in this i Slate ?’ ’ “It is probably the Morganza levee at i Pointe Ooupee. That levee has one of i the most interesting histories of any in the i State. It broke in 1874, when such an : immense crevasse occurred that a large share of the water of the river found its way out by that opening. Of course, it dug out an immense channel, and it was not until 1883 that the levee was rebuilt. It broke again the very next year. It was rebuilt in 1885. It broke again in 1890, and I thought that I’d try to re- build that levee so that it would stay, come what might. I did rebuild it. at a cost of 893,000, and it held all right through the great floods of 1892, 1893 and 1897. The trouble with it is that the soil is loose and exceedingly sandy there, and then, on account of the big channel dug out by the water during the past crevasses, the levee has to be of unus- ual height. The present one is twenty- five feet high, has a crown of ten feet and a base nine times the height, plus the width of the crown. That makes 235 feet. The reason why we spent so much money on that one levee is that when a break occurs there it floods two or three hundred square miles of fertile territory. A number of crevasses in other places might flood only a small area. ‘ ‘What portion of the river has the best levees ?’ ’ “Well, we aim to keep the protection equal. Of course, we haven’t enough money for a perfect levee system, but, when I tell you how we tax ourselves for that purpose, you will admit that we do our host, 'file State of Louisiana is now divided hv law into twelve levee districts, with power to impose upon themselves various rates of taxation. There is, first, a one-mill tax on all property in the State, whether subject to overflow or not. In addition to this, the levee districts subject ; to overflow generally tax themselves ten mills ad valorem on all assessed property in their territory; plus from 21 to 5 cents i an acre on all land; plus from 2.) cents to i 81 on each hale of cotton produced; plus | 10 cents on each barrel, or 25 cents on 1 each 1.000 pounds of sugar made; plus .) j cents on each barrel of molasses, plus 7-1 i cents on each barrel of syrup: phis 1j- to 21 cents on each sack of rough nee raised; plus 21 cents on each barrel of oranges gathered; plus 11 cents on each barrel of esculents grown, to say nothing of taxing the railroads from 850 to 8100 a mile. In some districts they even tax the oys- ters. because they claim that, il - the river water breaks through into the beds, it spoils the oysters. Moreover, the various levee districts have been empowered to mortgage themselves to issue bonds for levee purposes to a total amount of 84.- 000,000, and of this sum they have already j issued 83.115, 000. j ••These various sources of revenue yield j to Louisiana about 81,180.000 annually. I Those laws have been in effect mainly since 1800, before which time levee build- ing was done on a much less munificent scale. During the last thirty-two years the State of Louisiana has spent, in levee construction alone, the Mini of §22,500.- 000. supplemented by about §7.000.000 given by the National (iovernment. Dur- ing the last flood we held the water hack in this State so successfully that for the first time we were enabled to form an esti- | mate of the ultimate flood heights which j may have to he contended with at such | times. Before that there had been so j many breaks that nobody could guess really I t<i what height a flood might rise. But this time we had so few breaks that we now have some standard to work by and we can see daylight ahead. Twenty mill- ion dollars would give us practically the levee protection we need on the lower Mississippi and we hope to get that amount from Congress. “This levee building in the Southern States is really a nation d matter as well as a local one. We have to carry off the drainage of 41 per cent, of the total area , of the United States, exclusive of Alaska. The overflows threaten 30,000 square miles of the most fertile lands in the coun- try. The danger from these overflows be- came more serious every year, because the j amount of water carried off by the Missis- i sippi - grows constantly greater. This is because of the deforestation and improved i drainage of the territory from which the water is drawn. Formerly a great deal of the rainfall remained on the ground and was retained by the vegetation, to be ab- sorbed and evaporated again, hut now as soon as rain has fallen it finds its way by canals, ditches, or other drains straight to the river. The improvement •*!" the cen- tral and northern States has caused the floods which have poured upon us with such suddenness during the last few years. In 1890 the water was higher than ever known before. In 1897 it was from three to four feet higher than in 1890.” “Do you put the convicts t>> work mi the levees ?" “1 am very glad to do so whenever I can. We need so much work on the sys- tem that the employment of the convicts does not perceptibly lessen the amount of work to he given out to free laborers. Using all the labor we can get or can pay for, we are still unable to accomplish all that is needed. But after the recollection of the flood time has worn off. the people become indifferent, some demagogue comes along and says that the employment of the convicts on the levees deprives an honest man of a chance to gel a living, and there is a great howl. But we use all the labor we can pay for, and are glad to got the convicts in addition. Louisiana is the great levee Stale. We depend for protection on a total of 1,278 miles of levees, including those on .streams other than the Mississippi. This is almost us much a* the whole levee line of the Missis sippi Biver, which is 1.350 miles. Louisi- ana’s levees arc in better condition than they were ever before, and with the help we need and for which we hope from the Na- tional (iovernment, we will make our pro- tection adequate before very long. ••It bus been said by some that the re- cent flood has proved to be a blessing rather than a catastrophe, that the water deposited fresh alluvial matter on the over- flowed lands, and so fertilized the soil that the farmers raised the best crop they had produced for years.” “That is true, that the overflow fer- tilized some laud. But you must remem- ber that when a crevasse occurs the water rushes in so that it practically ruins acres of ground. It digs the land out in great gullies so that the tract becomes practically worthless. Of course, the more remote tracts may he fertilized, hut when you take into account the loss of stock, of buildings, of drainage, of machinery, of fences, of even human lives. Ihe gain in fertility is mote than offset. The cotton farmer is j not so badly affected as the sugar cane grower. Sugar catre cannot be raised I from seed, and the farmer has to buy seed : cane, which Is very expensive. Then it I takes three years to restock a plantation in I cane. No, the floods are not blessings. If we had the Mississippi controlled as the Egyptians have the Nile, we could utilize the high water as they do. But they have been living on the Nile thousands of years, longer than we have been on the Mississippi. Give us time and money, and vie will manage our river so as to make it a blessing intsead of a menace. Figs farrowed in March and April grow rapidly and overtake the fall pig if the latter have not been well cared for during the winter. It is very important to give the spring pigs a good start, however, for should they become severely chilled during some cold night they will receive a check which will be noticed when they are to be slaughtered. The first six weeks of a pig’s life ought to determine its future growth. The best food for young pigs, at d the sow as well, is skimmed milk, to which com meal and bran have been added. The sum of §2,000,000 would not, it is said, be an extravagant estimate of the value of the Queen’s china at Buckingham Palace and Windsor, considering that the Sevres dessert service in the green draw- ing room at Windsor is valued at £IOO,- 000. and the Rose du Barri vases, in the i corridors, at £50,000, while there are six j Sevres vases at Buckingham Palace for I which there would be an eager couipeti- -1 tion if they were put up at £30.000. Feeding Animals. At the recent meeting of the Pennsyl- vania State Veterinary Association in Philadelphia. Dr. J. (!. Michenor. Colmar, I read the following very suggestive paper ( upon ‘‘Feeding Animals:” This subject was selected, not that ! feeding animals is any especial part of the j veterinarian's duties, but as being a matter j that is quite as important for him to un- ] derstand as for stockmen whom he serves. More than this, his client has the right to | expect of him sound counsel upon any of j the manifold problems that arise in the healthful and economical feeding of all ani- ! mats. His practiced eye should he quick to de- tect any deviation from the perfect thrift ! that marks the animal, when at its best, for tin- purpose for which it is being fed, and be able to prescribe the necessary diet to correct defective conditions, instead of I giving condition powders. However, they j act admirably when given together. The basis of all intelligent and successful I'e.ed- [ ins is in the recognition of the underlying fact that the various feeds are composed of the same elements as the bodies they nourish. In other words, vegetation in- corporates. from soil and air. the materials 1 that the animal body is about to appro priate. Put the proportions are seldom right; tin* water, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrates of the various forage plants I and cereals are in widely varying proper- ¦ lions and degrees of digestibility, so that it j is possible to starve an animal while giving it ail it is able to eat. to greatly curtail the production of milk by a badly balanced : ration, or to so diminish force as to render an animal worthless for work. To feed for bare maintenance is one thing; for rapid growth and full development, a better thing; to feed a milk cow at a loss, an easy thing; to feed a horse up to his full capac- ity for work, a grand thing. While pedi- gree is important, skill in feeding makes the successful breeder. We have different kinds of feeding—- scientific feeding, where the right materials are in exact proportions for desired results; i good feeding, where the ration is made up ‘ from one’s own experience and from the i teaching of others; haphazard feeding, and ignorant, careless, ruinous, criminal feed- ing. But our live stock interests, the | greatest of any people upon the globe, de- j mand that we understand and practice the , business for best results. Science is the j lever, experience the hand that applies it. i love and admiration for our animals the j inspiration, and profit the consummation j devoutly wished for. The science of feeding is exact, so far as determining the relative proportions of the digestible protein to the carbohydrates and fat, for different purposes, under the same I i conditions, but animals are kept under stu b • widely different circumstances as to shelter. ¦ ventilation, exercise and work, and have j formed different habits from influence of ¦ environments, that it is hard to lay down [ inflexible rules. The analysis of the dif- | ferent feeds at baud, a careful study of the | conditions, purpose and characteristics of j the animal, enables the skillful feeder to i i acquire exactness and proficiency. As before intimated, feeding is reduced I to an exact science, and with a knowledge of the composition of animal bodies and of the various feeds that are to sustain, make growth, produce milk and wool, repair i waste, perform work and lay on far. and by the use of figures, which won't lit*, the j problem is solved. The materials must be so selected and combined as to constitute the balanced ra- tion for the purpose. Animals are easily fed and bred into a fat-forming or beef habit, which destroys their adaptability for the dairy or race track. Hens fed exclu- sively upon fattening foods cease laying. The hogs of our section fail to fill the ] market demand because too much corn-fed, | too little exercise, too much lard. The ' chemical constituents of the food are t lie | chief factor in giving firmness and hard- j ness of bone and muscular tone and action. I Too little attention is paid to the amount of water in the feed; thus we see animals I being nearly physicked to death upon j succulent foods, and others badly impaired | by constipation caused by hard, dry food, j The right condition is maintained by the | proper combinations. Stock need roots, silage, wetted feeds or | mash; the amount of needed water varies j with the purpose of the animal and cannot i be supplied by drink alone. The time of | i cutting, the perfection of the drying or i curing process, goes far in determining the palatableness, the digestibility and the danger of undergoing fermentation in the digestive tract. Kiln-dried finely ground cereals are the safest and most healthful, mixed with silage or made into a mash with j cut fodder or hay. From contact, Iknow the average farmer j and feeder is not educated up to these ! points, fan lie obtain the needed know- ledge from his veterinarian ? The problem is sometimes difficult because of t he limited material at baud and the price of such stuff as would balance up the ration being so high as to make its use unprofitable. Then the question is what is best under j the circumstances? Having determined this important matter the quantity to be fed comes next. Medium or average quantities for different ages, weights and purposes should be known, but individual capacity, natural and acquired, must be found out. Only liberal feeding is profit- able. ( T nder and over feeding arc mis- ! takes. The varying values of feeds in the ! manure must not be lost sight of when ¦ among the farmers. It is nice to be a skillful mechanic and 1 construct useful things or to understand Ihe running of machinery, but such are not to be compared to the man who can grow and fatten animals just right, or to him who can mu a herd of dairy cows so as to get all from them that is to be bad and avoid indigestion, garget and concomitant dangers and losses. It is done by regularity in watering and feeding, avoiding exposure or sudden changes in diet, gradually increasing the feed upon new animals until their ea- i pacity is determined, then keeping a sharp watch for the first indication of surfeit and withholding until the keen appetite re- turns. The condition of the atmosphere, the temperature, the amount of fresh air enter- ing the stable and the exercise all influence the appetite and digestion, and art* taken into account by the practical feeder. Some feeds may analyze well, but tire not relished by the stock, and individual ani- mals have their likes and dislikes the same as persons, which opens a field for observa- tion and tact. The addition of salt makes feed more palatable and digestive. A milk cow should consume two ounces per day, mixed through the feed; a work horse one ounce. Cheap sugar and molasses can be profitably used and various condiments. We should not allow the patent feeds and medicine men to monopolise these things. Some Things to be Remembered. Tim Yrickettiu Etlicott City (Md.) Times. The review by M. W H. (M. W. Hazeltine) of a volume entitled “Nullifica- tion and Secession ' is mighty interesting and profitable reading at this lime. The interesting fact is recorded that John Adams, answering the question. “Did every member of Congress on the- 4th of July, 177 G, cordially approve of the Dec- laration of Independence ?” replied, “Ma- jorities were constantly against it, ’’ ‘‘For many days the majority depended on Mr. Hewes of North Carolina.” The draft of a declaration was adopted on July 4th, but it was not signed by all the members, ex - cept John Dickinson, until the 2nd of Au- gust. When our present constitution was finally offered for adoption it was accepted in nearly all cases with qualifications or recommendations of amendments. New I ork voted ratification on the declared premise that “the powers of government may be reassumed by the people whereso- ever it shall become necessary for their happiness.” “It is a mistake,” the author says, “to suppose that the effort to break loose from the Union in 18G0-G1 was an episode dependent on a new reading of constitutional rights, or that it was solely a consequence of the desire to perpetuate a social system based on slavery.” The author goes on to say, “It is a very* partial and partisan reading of American history which fails to see that from the acceptance of the constitution in 1780 there has been a tendency to assert the right of States to nullify national enactments or even to sever their relations to the union. The tendency indeed, has been a shifting one, exhibited now at the North and again in the South. ” “The fourth proceeding of the kind was flic practical withdrawal of the New Fug- laud States from co-operation in the war of 1812-11 ending in a convention of those States convoked for the purpose of formu- lating sectional autonomy.” It is pointed out that, “Had the events of the first ten years of national lifebeen forseen, it is cer- tain that Virginia and New York with North Carolina and probably Pennsylvania would not have ratified the constitution.” and the author shows that “could New England have looked far enough ahead to see the events of the fourteen years follow - I ing 1800. it would never had entered the Union. Chief Justice Marshall said upon one occasion, “So small in many in- j stances was the majority for the censtitu- i tiou as to afford strong ground for the opinion that had the influence of character been removed the intrinsic merits of the instrument would not have secured its adoption. Indeed it is scarcely to be doubted that in some of the States a ma- jority of the people were in opposition.” In the author’s judgment therefore it is a case of “suppression of the truth” to say that the people were the contracting parties i in constituting the nation, when it is ad- mitted that if they had voted directly on j the constitution it would not have been I adopted. It was the people acting as ! States, and in that capacity only, that con- i strueted tlie Federal union. The author concludes that “If it be true that the gen- eral Government is not a compact of the I States, it is plain that federalism is a dream.” “The end will be centralization; a dissolution of State sentiment and state- hood. The author says that the Feder- alist party was avowedly based on a distrust <>f the people. Fisher Ames said, “our ’ country is too big for Union, too sordid for i patriotism, too Democratic for liberty. John Adams said in 170 S “as to trusting to a popular assembly for the preservation of our liberties, it is the merest chimera; they never had any rule, but their own will and I would as lief be again in the hands of our old Committees of Safety, who made the law and executed it at the same time, j Pickering said, “The people of the East j cannot reconcile their habits, views andin- : (crests to those of the South and West.” • The fact is brought out with due em- I phasis in the hook before us,” say’s Mr. I Hazeltine. “that not once during the plot- ! ting of 1803-4 was the right of a state or I a group of states to secede disputed. i The average logic used was, “secession I rather than poverty.” A commission of one John Henry was I made out by Sir James Craig, Governor of : the British provinces of North America, | which commission asked for the earliest in - | formation as to how far in the case of war, | England could look for assistance. ' Henry ; reported that ‘ ‘the Governor of Vermont made no secret of his determination as Commander-in-chief of the State Militia to refuse obedience to any command of the General Government.” Provost wrote to Balthurst, “In fact, my lord, two-thirds of the army in Canada are at this moment eating beef provided by American contract - j ors.” When in 1812 (June) war was declared against Great Britain the Massachusetts House of Representatives called upon the citizens to assemble in town meetings for the purpose, not of aiding the Federal Government but of hindering it. On the very day when the ('ity of Washington tea* raptured hy the British the Governor of ¦ Connecticut withdrew alt the State Militia from the command of the national officers. In October, 1814, the Boston Sentinel de- clared that the Union was as good as dis- solved and spoke of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut as the first three pillars “in a New Federal edifice.” It was proposed to make a separate treaty l with England. England’s original proposal j which the members of the Hartford Con- ! vttiition and other New Englanders had de- | dared to be “just and liberal,” were that 1 the United States should yield almost all the Northwest, including Michigan, Wis- consin, Illinois, a large part of Indiana and one-third of Ohio. The descendants of these patriotic New England people as- sume to force their views upon the remain- der of the United States and govern them. It is estimated that (his country contains 350,000,000 chickens, and that they lay nearly 14.000,000,000 eggs each year, i worth $105,000,000. The value of the poultry meat each year is estimated at $125,000,000. the total annual poultry being $2-90,000,000, which exceeds the value of swine, wool and sheep combined being also greater than the production of oats, tobacco, potatoes, wheat or cotton. Evil Speaking. When you speak evil of another you must be prepared to hear others speak evil of you. There is an old Buddhist proverb which says, “he who indulges in enmity is like one who throws ashes to windward, which come back to the same place and cover him all over. 1 ’ “Norsk Kyindestemmeretsforeniug” is the name of the woman’s suffrage society of Norway. The nearest approach to happiness is not having time to amuse yourself. =
![Ottumwa tri-weekly courier (Ottumwa, Iowa). 1911-03-23 [p ].Made Madras* and Percale Waists In all sizes at/ • 29c Special Values in " Men's Furnishings For Saturday 75c Diamond](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5f8f01ebba889b5436610159/ottumwa-tri-weekly-courier-ottumwa-iowa-1911-03-23-p-made-madras-and-percale.jpg)
![HE UNION COUNTY STANDAR - DigiFind-It · HE UNION COUNTY STANDAR.D WESTFIELD, UNION COUNTY. N. ]., FRIDA\', MARCH J5, t90l. Millinery ' Costumes --· · - Tailor Wear Waists -- --Petticoats](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5e421c5fd74e8426302dccb6/he-union-county-standar-digifind-it-he-union-county-standard-westfield-union.jpg)
