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1Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Should Cost Modeling
Based on
Industry averages
Version 1: 04-01-2011
2Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Agenda
Introduction
Steps to take when using industry averages
Case description
Steps
- Step 1 Determine the industry
- Step 2 Source selection
- Step 3 Extract and calculate data per cost category (1/2)
- Step 3 Extract and calculate data per cost category (2/2)
- Step 4 Calculate per cost category the percentages of the total sales
- Step 5 Calculate the price for the materials used in the product
- Step 6 apply the percentages calculated in step 4 on the direct material price (1/2)
- Step 6 apply the percentages calculated in step 4 on the direct material price (2/2)
Conclusion
More information and Contact
3Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Introduction
In previous articles I wrote about should cost modeling and more specifiec about ways how to apply those models. In one article I elaborated on Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages and provided an example. This presentation is a summary based on that article and will focus on the example based on a real case. For more information read the article or contact me.
4Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Steps to take when using industry averages
In order to estimate the should cost price several steps need to be taken.
1. Determine the industry you are active in or select the one that is the nearest to your activities (take also geographical aspects into consideration).
2. Use the most relevant and recent sources for your information (or combine multiple sources)
3. Extract (and calculate if necessary) the figures per cost category
4. Calculate per cost category the percentages of the total sales
5. Calculate the price for the materials used in the product
6. Apply the percentages calculated in step 4 on the direct material price calculated in step 5
7. Take forecasts and inflation into account
5Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Case description
An organisation, here called ES (Engine Solutions) needs large cooling systems for his engines. One of his suppliers is CS (Cooling Solutions). ES wants to know what costs CS makes to manufacturer cooler type A to determine whether CS offers a fair price. The first step is to determine industry in which CS is active with respect to cooler type A.
6Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 1 Determine the industry
Determine the industry you are active in or select the one that is the nearest to your activities (take also geographical aspects into consideration)
Source used: North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
Industry the supplier is active in: ‘Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing’
The NAICS-based code (code of the industry): 33231
7Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 2 Source selection
In the previous step I used the NAICS, therefore I will use this source througout this presentation, but bear in mind that there are many other sources for industry information
- The more sources you combine the more accurate and reliable you information will be
- Take geographical aspects into account
Below you find a table with the information for the industry of the case
8Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 3 Extract and calculate data per cost category (1/2)
In previous articles I splitted the costs a supplier makes for manufacturing a product in different categories:
- Direct Materials
- Direct labour
- Manufacturing overhead
- General, selling and administration
- Profit
Based on the NAICS information I have calculated the costs per category. On the next slide you will find those costs
9Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 3 Extract and calculate data per cost category (2/2)
The calculated figures for each category
See article about Industry Averages if you want to know how the figures of this case are extracted from the data of the NAICS
Figure based on data
Total sales 37,664,048
Direct materials 21,748,651
Direct labour 4,020,776
Manufacturing overhead 5,241,986
GSA 3,217,724
Profit 3,434,911
10Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 4 Calculate per cost category the percentages of the total sales
In the right column you find each cost category as a percentage of total sales
Figure based on data Percentage of total sales
(%)
Total sales 37,664,048 100
Direct materials 21,748,651 57
Direct labour 4,020,776 11
Manufacturing overhead 5,241,986 14
GSA 3,217,724 9
Profit 3,434,911 9
11Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 5 Calculate the price for the materials used in the product
This step is important because it forms the baseline of the should cost price. The actual costs per category is based on these costs. This category is chosen because it it relatively easy to calculate.
In the case of the cooling systems, the direct material costs were determined by engineers and purchasers which had scrutinized drawings of cooler type A and used average market prices to determine how much each part of material costs. This resulted in a should cost price of: €529
Note:
Using average market prices market prices you should take into account 1) whether the source is reliable, 2) whether it is the correct source (e.g. Geographical location) 3) the amount your supplier purchased of the material (e.g. economies of scale?), 4) and many more.
12Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
The next step is to calculate the should cost price. In order to calculate the should cost price, we need to know the real costs for one cost-category of the product. It does not matter which cost category it is, because all percentages are known. But mostly the direct material category is used as this can relatively easy be calculated (as is done in the previous slide). In this example the direct material costs are € 592. The should cost price can then be calculated by dividing the direct material costs by the direct material percentage.
Direct material costs € 592
_________________ = _____________ = € 1038,60
Direct material percentage 0.57 (57%)
Step 6 apply the percentages calculated in step 4 on the direct material price (1/2)
13Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Step 6 apply the percentages calculated in step 4 on the direct material price (2/2)
In the same way you can calculate the real amount of the other costs categories. This provides you insight where the costs actually origin from. This knowledge allows you to compare these figures with other suppliers, industry averages, provides grip for discussion or discuss it together with your supplier and search for cost reductions, etc. On the next slide you’ll find the amount of the costs per category.
Figure based on
data
Percentage of total
sales (%)
€ Product
Total sales 37,664,048 100
Direct materials 21,748,651 57 592
Direct labour 4,020,776 11 114,25
Manufacturing
overhead
5,241,986 14 145,40
GSA 3,217,724 9 93,47
Profit 3,434,911 9 93,47
Should Cost Price 1038,60
14Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
Conclusion
The should cost method based on industry averages is…
a quick method
a relatively easy method
not expensive because a lot of information is for free
But…
not always very accurate because the price is compared to a should cost price based on average figures. The supplier may not be average for several reasons (delivers customized solutions instead of standardized solutions to name just one reason)
15Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens. All rights reserved.
Should Cost Modeling based on Industry Averages
More information and Contact
For more information you can visit my blog and read the different articles on should cost modeling
http://scmprocurement.blogspot.com/
The article about the case used here:
http://scmprocurement.blogspot.com/2010/12/industry-averages-example.html
By further questions don’t hesitate to contact me
http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/kevin-lemmens/1b/1ba/487
http://scmprocurement.blogspot.com/
Copyright © 2010 Kevin Lemmens All rights reserved.