SimCAT112 Revised CAT 2015

8/18/2019 SimCAT112 Revised CAT 2015

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Student ScoreCard

Question: 1

Answer the question independently.

Explanation:

Question: 2


ABC is manufacturing three types of washing machines viz., F, S and N. Their total ouput which is sold, is 6,00,000 units. Sales volume of

F is 55% of the total volume sold. Total sales volume of F and S is equal to 95% of the total volume. If the profit per unit on each of the

product F, S and N in year 2013-2014 is Rs.1000, Rs.750, and Rs.500 to the company, then what is the ratio of the shares of the products

F, S and N in the total profit for the year 2013-2014?

Explanation:

Quantitative Ability Score:46 Percentile:93

Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension Score:46 Percentile:96

Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning Score:56 Percentile:99

Overall: Overall Score:148 Percentile:99

1) 36%

2) 53%

3) 81%

4) 60%

1) 4 : 3 : 2

2) 11 : 6 : 1

3) 22 : 12 : 3

4) 22 : 12 : 1

Login ID:00A73617/Student Name:VIKRAMKHANNA/Overall Score:148

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Question: 3


Explanation:

1) only (a)

2) only (b)

3) (b) and (c)

4) (a), (b) and (c)




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Question: 4


Three spheres of radius 1 are tangent to each other and rest on a horizontal table. A fourth sphere, also of radius 1, is placed on top of the

three spheres touching all the three. The height of the center of the top sphere above the table is:

Explanation:

1)

2)

3)

4)




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Question: 5


Sum of digits of an integer N is taken, called digital sum of the integer N. (for eg. digital sum of 12345 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15). Suppose

x, y and z are three integers with the same number of digits such that x + y = z. If the digital sum of x is p and that of y is q, then what is

the digital sum of z given that there were exactly n ‘carries’ when the addition is performed?

Explanation:

Question: 6

Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Roger went to a supermarket to buy fruits. He has been forced with a constraint that he has to buy at least 15 each of oranges, apples,

and guavas. Also the number of apples should be more than the number of oranges, and number of oranges should be more than the

number of guavas. Roger buys a total of 50 fruits.

How many guavas does he buy?

Enter your response (as an integer) using the virtual keyboard in the box provided below

[quizky-text]

Explanation:

1) p + q - 7n

2) p - q + n

3) p + q - 9n

4) p + q + 2n

1) 15

2) 17

3) 16

4) Cannot be determined




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Question: 7





Cost price per apple is Rs.4, per orange is Rs.2, and per guava is Rs.3. He sold off everything he bought at a profit of Rs.19. Find out histotal selling price(in Rs.), if Roger buys 17 oranges.


Rs.[quizky-text]

Explanation:

Question: 8





If selling price per guava is Rs.3.50 and that of an apple is Rs.4, find out the selling price of each orange (use data from previous

question).

1) 170

2) 150

3) Rs.160

4) Rs.170

1) Rs.2.67

2) Rs.2.75




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Explanation:

Question: 9

Answer the question independently.Average of the first three innings of a batsman is 84. If runs of the fourth innings are added to the total of first three, the new average

becomes 80. In the fifth innings, he scores 3 runs more than in the fourth innings so that the average of last 4 innings now becomes 79.

Determine his score in the first innings.


[quizky-text]

Explanation:

Question: 10


(212-46) is divisible by:

3) Rs.3

4) Rs.3.50

1) 75

2) 76

3) 77

4) None of these

1) 3

2) 5

3) Both 3 and 5




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Explanation:

212- 46 = (212 -1) - 45

If 'n' is an even integer then

2n-1 is divisible by 3 and 22n-1 is divisible by 5

(212 -1) is divisible by both 3 and 5 and 45 is also divisible by 3 and 5.

Hence, [3].

Alternatively,

212-46 = 4096 - 46 = 4050

which is divisible by both 3 and 5.

Question: 11


A boy is given some money. He can buy only one thing every day; either a candy or an ice-cream or a pastry. If a n denotes the number of

possible combinations of purchases on n consecutive days, which of the following is correct?

Explanation:

an-1 denotes the possible combinations of purchases on n-1 consecutive days.

On the nth day the boy can buy a thing in 3 ways.

The possible combinations of purchases on the n consecutive days = 3 x an-1an = 3 x an-1.Hence, [3].

Question: 12

Answer the question independently.At the beginning of the summer vacation a man gave his two children, Harshad and Chetana, Rs.250 each. They reported different

earnings over the next three weeks. The son dabbled in the stock market. The daughter bought material and made soft toys. At the end of

the first week, both lost money and Chetana had half as much as Harshad. At the end of the second week, both gained. Chetana had two-

thirds as much as Harshad. Chetana gained in the third week so that at the end of the third week she had double her original investment.

Harshad lost in the third week and his profit over the original investment stands at Rs.50. Harshad had in the third week as much as

Chetana had in the second. What is the difference(in Rs.) between their highest earnings at the end of any week (compared with the

amount they initially had)?


Rs.[quizky-text]

Explanation:

4) None of these

1) an= 2an-1

2) an= an-1+ 2an-2

3) an= 3an-1

4) None of these

1) 0

2) 50

3) Rs.75

4) Rs.100




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Question: 13


A four digit number is formed using numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetititon. If a number is selected at random, what is the probability

that the number is divisible by 11?

Explanation:

Question: 14

Each question is followed by two statements, I and II. Answer each question using the following instructions:

Choose [1], if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other statement

alone.

Choose [2], if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.

Choose [3], if the question can be answered using both statements together, but cannot be answered using either statement alone.

Choose [4], if the question cannot be answered using both statements together.

A group of students, containing boys and girls was selected for interschool sports contests. Some of these students couldn't participate

because of injury and were replaced by equal number of boys. If now the ratio of boys and girls in that group is 5 : 2, then find the initial

1)

2)

3)

4)




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number of boys in the group.

I. The number of students in the group is 14 and 7 students were replaced.

II. The number of girls in the group was initially 8 and finally 4.

Explanation:

Question: 15


If the distinct roots of x5 – 1 = 0 are 1, a, a2, a3, a4, then the value of(1 – a)(1 – a2)(1 – a3)(1 – a4) is which of the following?

Explanation:

Question: 16


Two poles, one 78 m in height above the ground and the other 91 m in height above the ground, are at some distance from each other.

1) [1]

2) [2]

3) [3]

4) [4]

1) x + x2+ x3+ x4

2) 0

3) 5

4) None of these




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Two strings are tied, one from the top of one pole to the bottom of the other and the other from the top of the second pole to the bottom of

the first. Find the height (in m)above the ground at which the strings intersect. Assume strings are taut.


[quizky-text]m

Explanation:

Question: 17


1) 42

2) 50

3) 39 m


1)

2)




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Explanation:

Question: 18


Everyday Raju goes for a morning walk in a garden. The moment he enters the garden, a dog, who always sits at the same place in the

garden notices him and starts running towards him. Raju continues his walk and the dog meets him in 10 seconds. Yesterday the dog

noticed Raju 10 seconds after he entered the garden and started his walk in his usual direction. Immediately after noticing Raju, the dog

started running towards Raju. The dog met Raju 7 seconds after he (the dog) started running. What is the ratio of speeds of the dog and

Raju?

Explanation:

Question: 19


A wooden pencil is in the shape of a cylinder of length 3 cm attached to a cone of base radius 3 mm. The lead inside the pencil is in the

3)

4)

1) 7 : 32) 3 : 7

3) 8 : 5

4) More information is needed to solve the problem




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shape of a rod attached to a cone of base diameter 1 mm. After a lot of usage and sharpening, the total height of the pencil (i.e., including

the top cone) becomes half the original, but the height of the top cone (wood + lead) remains 1 cm as before. What portion of the small

pencil is lead now?

Explanation:

1)

2)

3)

4) None of these




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Question: 20


Four dog dealers purchased some dogs. The first purchased one Airedale, three Spaniels and seven puppies, and paid $14; the secondbuys one Airedale, four Spaniels and 10 puppies and paid $17. The third buys 10 Airedales, 15 Spaniels and 25 puppies; and the fourth

buys one Airedale, one Spaniel, and only one puppy. How much did the third and the fourth dealer pay?

Explanation:

1) $95, $8

2) $95, $10

3) $86, $81

4) Data insufficient




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Question: 21


Explanation:

Question: 22


Two words USURY and LUXURY are joined together. Words of four letters (all different) are formed with the help of the letters of the new

word thus formed. How many such new words can be formed (not necessarily meaningful)?

1) 4

2) 5

3) 6

4) None of these

1) 300

2) 330

3) 17325




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Explanation:

Question: 23


Explanation:

4) 360

1)

2)

3)

4)




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Question: 24




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Explanation:

Step 1:x = 2, y = 1

Step 2:x = x2= 4

Step 3: y = y2+ x + 1 = 1 + 4 + 1 = 6

Step 4: Go to Step 2

Step 2:x = 42= 16

Step 3:y = y2+ x + 1 = 36 + 16 + 1 = 53

Hence, [4].

Question: 25


AB is a rod of length m units. P is its mid point. Circles are drawn taking AP, PB and AB as diameters. Another circle is to be drawn such

that it touches the other three circles exactly once. If the diameter of this circle is n, then find n : m.

Explanation:

1) 50

2) 51

3) 52

4) 53

1) 1 : 4

2) 1 : 3

3) 2 : 5

4) 7 : 20




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Question: 26


Izaz purchased two cloths of different lengths in yards. He paid less than 1200 cents. The total length of cloth he purchased (in yards) is

equal to the amount (in cent) he spent for each yard and he invested 204 cents more for purchasing the longer cloth than the smaller one.

What is the length of each part of the cloth?

Explanation:

1) 12, 18

2) 14, 20

3) 12, 22

4) 16, 18




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Question: 27

Each question is followed by two statements, I and II. Answer each question using the following instructions:

Choose [1], if the question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other statement

alone.

Choose [2], if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.

Choose [3], if the question can be answered using both statements together, but cannot be answered using either statement alone.

Choose [4], if the question cannot be answered using both statements together.

Explanation:

Statement I alone is not sufficient. Statement II, implies that trapezium ABCD is an isosceles trapezium. So, both the non parallel sides will

be of the same length. However,, we dont know the length of non-parallel sides using only statement II. Therefore, statement II alone is

not sufficient to answer the question.

Combining statements I and II; two non-parallel sides are of equal length which by (I) is equal to 4 cm. Also by (I) the sum of parallel sides

is 12. Thus, statements I and II together give that the perimeter is 12 + 2(4) = 20. Hence, [3].

Question: 28


Water is being poured into a tank at a constant rate using an inlet pipe. There are a number of outlet pipes of equal capacities attached to

the tank. Initially the tank is full and all the inlet and outlet pipes are open. It is observed 10 outlet pipes empty the tank in 12 hrs, while 15

pipes empty the tank in 6 hrs. In how much time would 25 pipes empty the tank, if the tank is initially full?

1) [1]

2) [2]

3) [3]

4) [4]

1) 3 hrs




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Explanation:

Question: 29Answer the question independently.

Explanation:

2)

3) 4 hrs

4)

1) 2 units

2) 3 units

3) 4.5 units

4) 3.5 units




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Question: 30


What is the probability that a given date in a month of January is a Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday, if 1 stof January is Monday?

Explanation:

Question: 31


MN is the diameter of the circle with radius r. pm is tangent to the circle at M and P - Q - N.

Find PN ×QN.

1)

2)

3)

4)

1) 4r2

2)




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Explanation:

Question: 32


What may be true about the roots of the equation ax3+ bx - 1 = 0?

Explanation:

Question: 33


Labour allocation is a very important process. A particular weaving section has 20 looms and with five labourers loom efficiency is 75%

and production of a loom at 100% efficiency is 10 meter per hour. Salary of a labourer is Rs.11000 per month. I removed one labourer due

to which efficiency came down to 70%. How much do I gain or lose due to this action? Assume that profit on one meter cloth is Rs.4 and

looms are working for 30 days in a month and 10 hours per day.

Explanation:

3)


1) It has two irrational and one rational root.

2) It has one irrational and two rational roots.

3) All i ts roots are complex.

4) None of the above.

1) Rs.1000 profit

2) Rs.1500 loss

3) Rs.1500 profit

4) Rs.1000 loss




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Question: 34


If a 0, b 0 and c 0, then which of the following is necessarily true?

Explanation:

Question: 35

In the following question, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in

which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.

THROUGH

1)ab + c 0

2) a3-b3-c3 0

3) a3+ b3+ c3 0

4)

1) The event's organizers worked through the night to make it a grand success.

2) I don't think Ram will go through his divorce.

3) Mrs. Sharma was through with her yearly appraisals.




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Explanation:

In [1], 'through' means 'during the whole period of' or 'throughout'. In [3], 'through' means 'finished'. In [4], the idiom 'thorough and through'

means 'in all respects' or 'from beginning to end'. To 'go through' means to 'experience', which does not make sense in [2]. The correct

phrasal verb in this context should be to 'go through with (something)' which means to 'bring to completion'. Hence, [2].

Question: 36

In the following question, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in

which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriate.

HORSE

Explanation:

'Don't look a gift horse in the mouth' is a proverb that means 'don't criticize something that is given to you freely'. 'Flogging a dead horse'

means 'wasting time on something at which you will not succeed'. A 'Trojan horse' is a 'trap intended to trick an enemy'. So options [1], [2]

and [4] are correct. However, the correct idiom in [3] should be 'you can't teach an old dog new tricks', not 'horse ', meaning that it is

difficult for someone old to change his ways. Hence, [3].

Question: 37

The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The house of fiction has many windows, but only two or three doors. I can tell a story in the third person or in the first person, and perhaps

in the second person singular, or in the first person plural, though successful examples of these latter two are rare indeed.

In reality, we are stuck with third- and first-person narration. The common idea is that there is a contrast between reliable narration (third-

person omniscience) and unreliable narration (the unreliable first-person narrator, who knows less about himself than the readereventually does). On one side, Tolstoy, say; and on the other, Nabokov's narrator Humbert Humbert or Italo Svevo's Zeno Cosini, or

Wodehouse's Bertie Wooster.

Authorial omniscience, people assume, has had its day. W. G. Sebald once said, 'I think that fiction writing which does not acknowledge

the uncertainty of the narrator himself is a form of imposture which I find very, very difficult to take. In Jane Austen's world there were set

standards of propriety which were accepted by everyone. I think it is legitimate, within that context, to be a narrator who knows what the

rules are and who knows the answers to certain questions. But I think these certainties have been taken from us by the course of history,

and that we have to acknowledge our own sense of ignorance and insufficiency in these matters and therefore try and write accordingly.'

For Sebald, and for many writers like him, standard third-person omniscient narration is a kind of antique cheat. But both sides of this

division have been caricatured.

Actually, first-person narration is generally more reliable than unreliable; and third-person 'omniscient' narration is generally more partial

than omniscient. The first-person narrator is often highly reliable; Charlotte BrontÃ«'s Jane Eyre, a highly reliable first-person narrator, for

instance, tells us her story from a position of belated enlightenment. Even the apparently unreliable narrator is more often than not reliably

unreliable. Think of Kazuo Ishiguro's butler in The Remains of the Day, or of Bertie Wooster, or even of Humbert Humbert. We know that

the narrator is being unreliable because the author is alerting us, through reliable manipulation, to that narrator's unreliability. A process of

authorial flagging is going on; the novel teaches us how to read its narrator.

Unreliably unreliable narration is very rare, actually– about as rare as a genuinely mysterious, truly bottomless character. The nameless

narrator of Knut Hamsun's Hunger is highly unreliable, and finally unknowable (it helps that he is insane); Dostoevsky's narrator in Notes

from Underground is the model for Hamsun. Italo Svevo's Zeno Cosini may be the best example of truly unreliable narration. He imagines

that by telling us his life story he is psychoanalysing himself (he has promised his analyst to do this). But his self-comprehension, waved

confidently before our eyes, is as comically perforated as a bullet-holed flag.

4) Though no longer in the limelight, Rajesh is a public figure through and through.

1) Just accept what you have been given– don't look a gift horse in the mouth.

2) I don't think our suggestions will be accepted– we will just be flogging a dead horse if we keep trying.

3)No amount of persuasion or training is going to change the senior clerk's manner of working– you can't teach an old horse

new tricks.

4)The politician was wary of the new member of his party, as he believed the latter to be a Trojan horse sent by the

opposition.




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What is the author's opinion of third-person omniscient narration?

Explanation:

Refer to paragraph 3 and the first sentence of paragraph 4. [3] is W. G. Sebald's opinion of third-person omniscient narration, not the

author's. There is no mention of imitating older writers in the passage, so [2] is completely wrong. The author does offer his opinion of

third-person omniscient narration both directly (in the first sentence of paragraph 4) and indirectly, by criticizing W. G. Sebald's view (in the

last two sentences of paragraph 3), so [4] is not true either. Only [1] is correct: the author thinks that 'third-person "omniscient" narration is

generally more partial than omniscient'; and he also thinks that Sebald and writers like him have an exaggerated view of third-person

omniscient narration ('both sides of this division have been caricatured'). Hence, [1].

Question: 38


The house of fiction has many windows, but only two or three doors. I can tell a story in the third person or in the first person, and perhapsin the second person singular, or in the first person plural, though successful examples of these latter two are rare indeed.


person omniscience) and unreliable narration (the unreliable first-person narrator, who knows less about himself than the reader

eventually does). On one side, Tolstoy, say; and on the other, Nabokov's narrator Humbert Humbert or Italo Svevo's Zeno Cosini, or








division have been caricatured.Actually, first-person narration is generally more reliable than unreliable; and third-person 'omniscient' narration is generally more partial











Based on the definition in this passage, which of the following hypothetical first-person narrators could be considered an unreliable

narrator?

i] At the beginning of the story, the narrator promises to explain a particular mystery in the course of the story; but the mystery remains

unexplained till the end.

ii] The narrator tells the readers about certain past events at the beginning of the story; but as the story progresses, it becomes clear that

these events never actually occurred.

iii]The narrator presents herself as smart and knowledgeable; but as the story progresses, it becomes clear to the reader that the narrator

doesn't know or understand what is going on around her.

iv] Throughout the story, the narrator deliberately fails to mention the fact that he is blind; the revelation of this (through another character)

1) He thinks that it is not necessarily omniscient, and that the view about it among certain writers is exaggerated.

2) He considers it acceptable only if one is deliberately trying to imitate older writers such as Jane Austen.

3) He thinks it is only acceptable in a world with a greater degree of certainty about the rules than in the present time.

4) He does not offer his own opinion of it; he merely mentions certain writers who dislike it.




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near the end sheds a completely different light on the narrator's personality and actions.

Explanation:

According to the passage, an unreliable first-person narrator is one 'who knows less about himself than the reader eventually does'. Based

on this definition, only the narrator in [iii] can be considered an unreliable narrator: she does not know that she is not smart and

knowledgeable, as the readers eventually realize. Neither [i] nor [ii] involves a narrator's knowledge about himself/herself. In case of [iv],

the narrator deliberately tries to hide his blindness– it is impossible that he would not be aware of it. (Note that in the general literary

sense, all these four hypothetical narrators would be considered unreliable narrators; but we need to answer this question based only on

the definition provided in the passage.) Hence, [1].

Question: 39


The house of fiction has many windows, but only two or three doors. I can tell a story in the third person or in the first person, and perhapsin the second person singular, or in the first person plural, though successful examples of these latter two are rare indeed.











division have been caricatured.Actually, first-person narration is generally more reliable than unreliable; and third-person 'omniscient' narration is generally more partial











If this passage were to continue, what would it most likely go on to discuss?

Explanation:

Several 'reliably unreliable' narrators are mentioned in the penultimate paragraph, so the passage is not likely to go back to them after

discussing 'unreliably unreliable' narrators in the last paragraph. The 'windows of the house of fiction' are mentioned in the beginning of

1) Only [iii]

2) [i] and [ii]

3) [iii] and [iv]

4) [i], [ii], [iii ] and [iv]

1) Examples of 'reliably unreliable' narrators

2) The many 'windows' of the house of fiction

3) So-called omniscient narrators who are not necessarily omniscient

4) Books that are written in the second person singular or in the first person plural




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the passage, but there is no further reference to them, so [2] seems unlikely. [4] can be ruled out on the same grounds. In the penultimate

paragraph, the author says 'first-person narration is generally more reliable than unreliable; and third-person "omniscient" narration is

generally more partial than omniscient'. He goes on to show how first-person narration is generally reliable. So it is likely that if the

passage were to continue, it would discuss how third-person omniscient narration is not so omniscient. Hence, [3].

Question: 40The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.

The house of fiction has many windows, but only two or three doors. I can tell a story in the third person or in the first person, and perhaps

in the second person singular, or in the first person plural, though successful examples of these latter two are rare indeed.









and that we have to acknowledge our own sense of ignorance and insufficiency in these matters and therefore try and write accordingly.'For Sebald, and for many writers like him, standard third-person omniscient narration is a kind of antique cheat. But both sides of this

division have been caricatured.

Actually, first-person narration is generally more reliable than unreliable; and third-person 'omniscient' narration is generally more partial











Choose the option in which the author and his/her character respectively are correctly paired.

Explanation:

According to the second paragraph, Humbert Humbert is a character by Nabokov, not Tolstoy, so [1] is wrong. [2] switches the names of

the author and the character. Both Dostoevsky and Knut Hamsun are authors, not characters, as per the last paragraph, so [3] is wrong as

well. Only [4] is correct: according to the fourth paragraph, a butler is the narrator of Kazuo Ishiguro's novel The Remains of the Day .

Hence, [4].

Question: 41

Three out of four sentences in the options, when correctly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Which of the following sentences does

not fit into the context?

1) Tolstoy –Humbert Humbert

2) Zeno Cosini –Italo Svevo

3) Dostoevsky –Knut Hamsun

4) Kazuo Ishiguro –butler

1) Pop-up shops are the future of retail.

2) These stores are often about experiences of the hands-on kind.




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Explanation:

[1] and [3] are stand-alone sentences. So, either of these can be the opening sentence of the paragraph. [1] introduces the concept of

pop-up shops and [2] provides further explanation of it. [4] meaningfully concludes the paragraph by stating that retailers are integratingthese pop-up shops with their stores. [3] talks about the prime season for retailers, which makes no sense in this context. Thus, [3] does

not fit in the context. Hence, [3].

Question: 42

Three out of four sentences in the options, when correctly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Which of the following sentences does

not fit into the context?

Explanation:

Sentences [2], [3] and [4]– in that order – talk about the progress and increasing accuracy in clock technology. [1], on the other hand, is

about a different, though related, point: the looks, sizes and prices of clocks. Therefore, it does not fit into the sequence. Hence, [1].

Y

Question: 43

The following question has a sentence with two blanks. Given below it are four pairs of words. Choose the pair that best completes the

sentence.

Medieval clerics recognized with dismay that music was as apt to incite lust and desire as ______, and this was a central consideration inthe efforts during the Counter-Reformation to ______ the contaminating influences of secular music from the sacred.

Explanation:

The first part of the sentence implies that music was as likely to cause emotions such as 'lust' and 'desire', which the clerics were

dismayed by, as it was to cause some emotions that they wanted to rouse. So in the first blank, we need a word opposite in meaning to

'lust' and 'desire'. This rules out 'craving' and 'yearning', which mean nearly the same as 'lust' and 'desire'. To 'excommunicate' is to 'expel

someone from the Church', and can be applied only to people, not 'influences', so option [1] does not fit into the second blank. This leaves

us with option [2]: 'piety', which means 'devoutness', fits in the first blank, while 'extirpate', which means 'remove or destroy completely', fits

into the second blank. Hence, [2].

Question: 44

The following question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the sentence that

completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.

Many trees can be identified definitively by their flowers. But many trees are not in flower at the time you come across them –a particular

problem in the tropics, where flowering often seems to be erratic (or perhaps the tree knows when it is appropriate to flower, but the

biologist does not). Some trees with similar flowers have different leaves, and both may be needed to make the identification. Willows,

3) The holidays have long been a prime season for retailers.

4) Some retailers are even integrating them with their brick-and-mortar locations.

1) Clocks didn't just become more ornate; they also got smaller and cheaper.

2)The need for tighter scheduling and synchronization of work, transport, devotion and even leisure provided the impetus for

rapid progress in clock technology.

3)Units of time became standardized– seconds, minutes, hours– and clock mechanisms were fine-tuned to measure those

units with much greater accuracy.

4)By the fourteenth century, the mechanical clock had become commonplace, a near-universal tool for coordinating the

intricate workings of the new urban society.

1) sanctity …excommunicate

2) piety …extirpate

3) craving …expurgate

4) yearning …expunge




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however, tend to produce their flowers before they produce leaves: you never find flowers and leaves on the same tree at the same time.

Explanation:

The paragraph is about identifying trees on the basis of their flowers and leaves. So [1], which only vaguely refers to other trees besides

willows that produce flowers and leaves at different times, seems like the beginning of a new paragraph rather than the completion of the

idea in this one. [4] provides additional information that does not have a basis in the given paragraph: would it even be possible to identify

different species of willows based on their bark or branches? Even if it is, in light of [3] being a possibility, [4] seems unnecessary. [2] is far

too negative, especially in comparison to [3], which is simple and straightforward, and effectively concludes the point being made on how

to identify willows. Hence, [3].

Question: 45

The following question has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the sentence thatcompletes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.

Two kinds of criteria distinguish languages from dialects. The first are social and political: in this view, 'languages' are typically prestigious,

official and written, whereas 'dialects' are mostly spoken, unofficial and looked down upon. In a famous formulation of this view, 'a

language is a dialect with an army and a navy'. Speakers of mere 'dialects' often refer to their speech as 'slang', 'patois' or the like.

Linguists have a different criterion: if two related kinds of speech are so close that speakers can have a conversation and understand each

other, they are dialects of a single language. If comprehension is difficult to impossible, they are distinct languages. Of course,

comprehensibility is not either-or, but a continuum –and it may even be asymmetrical.

Explanation:

Based on the options, the missing sentence should either claim that mutual comprehensibility is a good way to distinguish between

languages and dialects, or that it isn't. According to the paragraph, this is the criterion that linguists use; so it is more likely to be a good

way than a bad one. Thus, [2] and [3] are negated. The last sentence of the given paragraph suggests some limitations of this criterion, so

the missing sentence, which says that it is useful, should begin with 'nonetheless' (meaning 'however') rather than 'therefore'. Hence, [4].

Question: 46

The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.One evolutionary biologist has made a prediction about extraterrestrial life – not to help us look for life on other planets, but to help us

understand life on this planet. Richard Dawkins has ventured that life, anywhere it is found in the universe, will be a product of Darwinian

natural selection. That may seem like the most overreaching prognosis ever made from an armchair, but in fact it is a straightforward

consequence of the argument for the theory of natural selection. Natural selection is the only explanation we have of how complex life can

evolve, putting aside the question of how it did evolve. If Dawkins is right, as I think he is, natural selection is indispensable for

understanding the existence of complex life like human beings.

The theory of natural selection has an odd status in modern intellectual life. Within its home discipline, it is indispensable, explaining

thousands of discoveries in a coherent framework and constantly inspiring new ones. But outside its home, it is misunderstood and

reviled. I want to spell out the case for this foundational idea: how it explains a key mystery that its alternatives cannot explain, how it has

1) Willows are the most common, though not the only, types of trees that produce flowers and leaves at different times.

2) Thus it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to identify willow species with any degree of certainty.

3) If you want to know what species a particular willow belongs to, you may have to make two visits.

4)So in case of willows, you need to look for other markers to identify individual species: the texture of the bark, the shape ofthe branches, and so on.

1)Therefore, mutual comprehensibility is the most objective basis for saying whether two kinds of speech are languages or

dialects.

2) Therefore, mutual comprehensibility is not a useful basis for saying whether two kinds of speech are languages or dialects.

3) Nonetheless, mutual comprehensibility is not a useful basis for saying whether two kinds of speech are languages ordialects.

4)Nonetheless, mutual comprehensibility is the most objective basis for saying whether two kinds of speech are languages or

dialects.




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been verified in the lab and the field, and why some famous arguments against it are wrong.

Natural selection has a special place in science because it alone explains what makes life special. Life fascinates us because of its

adaptive complexity or complex design. Living things are not just pretty bits of bric-a-brac, but do amazing things. They fly, or swim, or

see, or digest food, or catch prey, or manufacture honey or silk or wood or poison. These are rare accomplishments, beyond the means of

puddles, rocks, clouds, and other nonliving things. We would call a heap of extraterrestrial matter 'life' only if it achieved comparable feats.

Rare accomplishments come from special structures. Animals can see and rocks can't because animals have eyes, and eyes haveprecise arrangements of unusual materials capable of forming an image. The odds are mind-bogglingly stacked against these structures'

being assembled at one go, out of raw materials, by natural events.

The eye has so many parts, arranged so precisely, that it appears to have been designed in advance with the goal of putting together

something that sees. The same is true for our other organs. The laws of the world work forwards, not backwards: rain causes the ground

to be wet; the ground's benefiting from being wet cannot cause the rain. So the argument against natural selection goes: What else but

the plans of God could effect the teleology (goal-directedness) of life on earth?

Darwin showed what else. He identified a forward-causation physical process that mimics the paradoxical appearance of backward

causation or teleology. The trick is replication. A replicator is something that can make a copy of itself, with most of its traits duplicated in

the copy, including the ability to replicate in turn. Darwin's theory's extraordinary contribution is that it explains the appearance of design

without a designer, using ordinary forward causation as it applies to replicators.

Natural selection is not the only process that changes organisms over time. But it is the only process that seemingly designs organisms

over time. Dawkins stuck out his neck about extraterrestrial evolution because he reviewed every alternative to selection that has been

proposed in the history of biology and showed that they are impotent to explain the signature of life: complex design.

What is Richard Dawkins's main point in this passage?

Explanation:

There is no suggestion in the passage that Richard Dawkins thinks that extraterrestrial life and life on earth have a common origin, so [2]

can be eliminated at once. Dawkins's main point involves Darwin's theory of natural selection; so [1], which does not mention it at all,cannot be the answer. Dawkins would agree with both [3] and [4]; but the latter, which includes the additional point that Darwinian natural

selection explains both extraterrestrial life and life on earth, better summarizes his view. Hence, [4].

Question: 47


One evolutionary biologist has made a prediction about extraterrestrial life– not to help us look for life on other planets, but to help us














Rare accomplishments come from special structures. Animals can see and rocks can't because animals have eyes, and eyes have

1) Extraterrestrial life must be of natural origin, just like life on earth, despite being apparently designed.

2) Extraterrestrial life and life on earth must have a common origin that can be explained by the theory of natural selection.

3) Extraterrestrial life must be a product of Darwinian natural selection, as it is the best explanation for the existence of life.

4)Extraterrestrial life, like life on earth, must be a product of Darwinian natural selection, the only process that apparently

designs organisms.




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precise arrangements of unusual materials capable of forming an image. The odds are mind-bogglingly stacked against these structures'





the plans of God could effect the teleology (goal-directedness) of life on earth?Darwin showed what else. He identified a forward-causation physical process that mimics the paradoxical appearance of backward







Why does the author call Richard Dawkins's prediction about extraterrestrial life 'the most overreaching prognosis ever made from an

armchair'?

Explanation:

Option [1] is merely a paraphrase of the quoted sentence, and does not explain why the author thinks so. The second half of [4] has no

basis in this passage, which seems to take the existence of extraterrestrial life for granted. [3] implies that the author doubts Dawkins,

whereas he actually agrees with him fully. Rather, the quoted sentence, specifically the phrase 'from an armchair' (which refers to a theory

devised without the benefit of practical experience), is an acknowledgement that Dawkins's prediction rests on no actual knowledge of

extraterrestrial life. Hence, [2].

Question: 48

The passage given below is followed by a set of questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question.One evolutionary biologist has made a prediction about extraterrestrial life– not to help us look for life on other planets, but to help us




















1) He is aware that at first glance, Dawkins's prediction seems far-fetched.

2) He is aware that Dawkins's prediction has no basis in knowledge of actual extraterrestrial life.3) He thinks Dawkins is exaggerating based on no actual knowledge of extraterrestrial life.

4) He thinks Dawkins may have gone too far with his predictions, given that there are no extraterrestrials.




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Natural selection is not the only process that changes organisms over time. But it is the only process that seemingly designs organismsover time. Dawkins stuck out his neck about extraterrestrial evolution because he reviewed every alternative to selection that has been


If you were to interview the author, which is the question that you would be least likely to ask him?

Explanation:

Refer to paragraph 2: the author mentions that the theory of natural selection is despised outside its home discipline, and that it is better

than its alternatives, without revealing what those alternatives are. So [1] and [2] are conceivably questions you would ask the author formore information on these points. In the first paragraph, he says 'natural selection is the only explanation we have of how complex life can

evolve', but does not clarify if the same applies to the simplest forms of life (extraterrestrial life or on Earth). If extraterrestrial life exists, it

may not be complex life, as the author assumes, so [4] is a valid question. However, the answer to [3] is stated clearly in the last sentence

of paragraph 3. Therefore, you would be least likely to ask the author [3]. Hence, [3].

Question: 49


One evolutionary biologist has made a prediction about extraterrestrial life– not to help us look for life on other planets, but to help us




evolve, putting aside the question of how it did evolve. If Dawkins is right, as I think he is, natural selection is indispensable forunderstanding the existence of complex life like human beings.




















1) Why is the theory of natural selection despised outside its home discipline?

2) What are the alternatives to the theory of natural selection?

3) On what basis would you consider extraterrestrial matter life?

4) Is natural selection the only explanation for how the simplest forms of life could evolve?




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Natural selection removed the need to evoke God as an explanation for certain features of life.

Would the author of this passage agree with this statement?

Explanation:

Refer to the last sentence of paragraph 5 and the whole of paragraph 6. The author mentions that the argument against natural selection

generally evokes God, but Darwin showed how the mechanism of natural selection works (i.e. using replicators), which removed the need

for God to be a designer of life. Therefore, the author would definitely agree with the given statement. Hence, [1].

Question: 50

Sentences given in the following question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter.Choose the most logical order of sentences, from among the four given choices, to construct a coherent paragraph.

A. When they melted, these earthen kettles filled with fossil water, leaving countless mirrors that sequin the tundra.

B. North of the 60th parallel, Canada contains more lakes than the rest of the world combined.

C. Now, as the permafrost thaws around these kettles, glacial water held in place by frozen soil for thousands of years is seeping away.

D. Here, ice ages gouged cavities into which icebergs dropped when the glaciers retreated.

E. Nearly half of Canada's Northwest Territories isn't land at all, but water.

Explanation:

The DA link is the most obvious one in this sequence: 'they' in A has to refer to the 'icebergs' mentioned in D. This rules out option [4],

which lacks this link. B and E, both of which talk about the water bodies in Canada, belong together, so [1] and [3], which place them at

opposite ends of the sequence, can be ruled out as well. Option [2] –BEDAC –makes sense, with BE introducing the topic of Canadian

lakes, DA explaining how they formed, and C ending the sequence with their current status. Hence, [2].

Question: 51

Sentences given in the following question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter.

Choose the most logical order of sentences, from among the four given choices, to construct a coherent paragraph.

A. At the end of his 1494 book Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita , summarizing all the knowledge of that

time on arithmetic, algebra (including quadratic equations), and trigonometry, the Franciscan friar Luca Pacioli (circa 1445–1514) made a

bold assertion.B. He clearly meant to use it only as a measure of the difficulty of solving the cubic, but actually the quadrature problem is a measure of

the greatest difficulty, since it was shown, in 1882, to be impossible.

C. The latter problem had been around in mathematics ever since the time of the Greek mathematician Hippocrates, circa 440 B.C.

D. The quadrature of a circle, the construction by straightedge and compass alone of the square equal in area to the circle, had proven to

be difficult, and when Pacioli wrote, the quadrature problem was still unsolved.

E. He declared that the solution of the cubic equation is 'as impossible at the present state of science as the quadrature of the circle'.

1) Yes, he would definitely agree.

2) Yes, he would agree, but with some qualifications.

3) No, he would probably not agree.

4) His opinion cannot be determined from the passage.

1) BDACE

2) BEDAC

3) EDACB

4) EBADC

1) AEBCD

2) ADCEB




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Explanation:

A is obviously the opening sentence, going by the options, as well as the fact that it introduces the topic. E follows A, as it states what

Pacioli's 'bold assertion' was. 'The latter problem' in C refers to 'the quadrature of the circle' introduced in E. D explains what thequadrature of the circle is. B concludes the sequence by stating that the problem is impossible to solve. Therefore, the answer is [4]:

AECDB. Hence, [4].

Question: 52

In the following question, four sentences are given. Choose the sentences that are the same in meaning.

Note: Your answer should be in letters and in alphabetical order. Use the virtual keyboard to enter your answer in the box provided below

A. Aggression is not a single motive, let alone a mounting urge; rather, it is the output of several psychological systems that differ in their

environmental triggers.

B. Aggression is neither a single motive nor a mounting urge; instead, aggression results in a number of psychological systems that differ

in how they are triggered by the environment.

C. Aggression is mistakenly thought of as a single motive or a mounting urge; the truth is that aggression is the product of multiplepsychological systems that have different environmental triggers.

D. It is wrong to think of aggression as a single motive with a mounting urge, as it is in fact the result of various psychological systems that

are triggered in different ways by the environment.

[quizky-text]

Explanation:

The first part of this sentence means the same thing in A, B and C; D is different, as it states that aggression is not 'a single motive with amounting urge', while the rest of the sentences claim that it is neither of the two. The second half of B differs from the others: while the

other statements claim that aggression is the 'output', 'product' or 'result' of psychological systems, B claims that aggression 'results in'

these psychological systems. So neither B nor D means the same as the other two, while A and C mean the same as each other. .

Question: 53

In the following question, four sentences are given. Choose the sentences that are the same in meaning.

Note: Your answer should be in letters and in alphabetical order. Use the virtual keyboard to enter your answer in the box provided below

A. An invention that is rarely mentioned today was the common source of our modern media, and was a decisive factor in shaping society,

just like the internal combustion engine or the incandescent lightbulb.

B. Our modern media spring from a common source, an invention that is rarely mentioned today, but which had as decisive a role in

shaping society as the internal combustion engine or the incandescent lightbulb.C. Although it is seldom mentioned today, the invention that our modern media originated from is an invention that was as decisive in

shaping society as the internal combustion engine or the incandescent lightbulb.

D. Although our modern media spring from a common source, the invention is seldom mentioned today, despite having had a more

decisive role in shaping society than the internal combustion engine or the incandescent lightbulb.

[quizky-text]

3) ADECB

4) AECDB

1) AC

2) ABC

3) B, C & D

4) C & D

1) AD

2) BC

3) A, B & C




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Explanation:

Statements A, B and C assign equal importance to the invention in question in shaping society as the internal combustion engine or the

incandescent lightbulb, while D says it 'had a more decisive role', so D does not me

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