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Prof. Dr. Stefan KääbKlinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
MünchenMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I
LMU
Sinnvolle Stufen der
Herzinsuffizienztherapie-
Praxis und Perspektive
Kääb 11/14
Decline in Deaths from Cardiovascular Disease in Relation to Scientific Advances
Nabel EG, Braunwald E. N Engl J Med 2012;366:54-63.
Kääb 11/14
Decline in Deaths from Cardiovascular Disease in Re lation to Important Public Health and Primary Care Interventi ons
N Engl J Med 2012;366:1258-1260.
Prävalenz von Herzinsuffizienz:
ca. 5% 60-79 Jahre
ca. 10% > 80 Jahre
mit steigender Tendenz!
Kääb 11/14
Differenzierte Behandlungsstrategien bei Herzinsuffizi enz
• Differenzierte Betrachtung der Ursachen und der Pathophysiologie
• Differenzierte Klassifikation und Diagnostik
• Differenzierte medikamentöse Therapie
• Differenzierter Einsatz invasiver Therapieverfahren
Kausal:
- Therapie der arteriellen / pulmonalen Hypertonie
- Reduktion der Risikofaktoren / Revaskularisierung bei KHK
- Therapie einer Kardiomyopathie / Myokarditis
- Therapie einer Herzrhythmusstörung
- Therapie (ggf. Operation) eines Vitiums / konstriktiven Perikarditis
Kääb 11/14
Medikamentöse Standard -Therapie bei
HF-REF
ACE-Hemmer
Betablocker
Aldosteron-antagonisten
Symptome + Mortalität
Kääb 11/14
®
Betablocker
Mineralocorticoidreceptor
antagonist
Drugs That Reduce Mortality in Heart Failure With
Reduced Ejection Fraction
ACEinhibitor
Angiotensinreceptorblocker
Drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin
system have modest effects on survival
Based on results of SOLVD-Treatment, CHARM-Alternat ive,COPERNICUS, MERIT-HF, CIBIS II, RALES and EMPHASIS- HF
10%
20%
30%
40%
0%
% D
ecre
ase
in M
orta
lity
Kääb 11/14
Medikamentendosierung bei Herzinsuffizienz
Zieldosis häufig schwierig zu erreichen……lohnt sich aber
Kääb 11/14
Aldosteronantagonisten: Neue Bewertung in den ESC Guidelines!
EMPHASIS-HF – Ergebnisse
� Nach einer medianen follow-up-Dauer
von 21 Monaten wurde die Studie
aufgrund eines signifikanten Vorteils
in der Eplerenongruppe beendet
� relative Risikoreduktion des primären
Endpunktes um 37%,
eine RRR um 24% bzgl. Tod aus
kardiovaskulären Gründen und RRR
von 42% bzgl.
Krankenhauseinweisung wegen HI
� Die Hauptnebenwirkung war eine
Hyperkaliämie > 5,5 mmol/l (11,8%
Eplerenon vs. 7,2% Placebo)
Kääb 11/14
Die Resultate der SHIfT-Studie
führten zur Aufnahme von
Ivabradin in die ESC Heart
Failure Guidelines:
� Ivabradin zusätzlich zu
Diuretika, ACE-Hemmer,
Betablocker und
Aldosteronantagonist, wenn
− NYHA II-IV,
− EF ≤ 35%,
− Sinusrhythmus und
− Herzfrequenz ≥ 70 bpm
Ivabradin: Neu in den ESC Guidelines!
Kääb 11/14
SHIFT Studie Subanalyse (n=4150)
Signifikante Verbesserung aller Endpunkte für Ivabr adin
bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz und HF ≥ 75/min.
Ivabradin + Standardtherapie Placebo + Standardtherapie
<0.0001
0.0109
0.0166
<0.0001
0.0006
1.00
Primärer Endpunkt*
Gesamtmortalität
CV Tod
HI Hospitalisierung
HI Tod
0.20
p-Wert
1.200.40 0.60 0.80
0.76 (0.68-0.85)
0.83 (0.72-0.96)
0.83 (0.71-0.97)
0.70 (0.61-0.80)
0.61 (0.46-0.81)
HR (95% CI)
*zusammenges. aus CV-Tod + Hospitalisierung wg. Herzin suffizienz; EP = Endpunkt; HI = Herzinsuffizienz; C V = kardiovaskulärBöhm et al., Cllin Res Cardiol., E-Pub ahead of print M ay 2012; DOI 10.1007/s00392-012-0467-8
Kääb 11/14
®
Neprilysin Inhibition Potentiates Actions of Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides That Counter
Maladaptive Mechanisms in Heart Failure
Endogenousvasoactive peptides
(natriuretic peptides, adrenomedullin,
bradykinin, substance P,calcitonin gene-related peptide)
Inactive metabolites
Neurohormonal activation
Vascular tone
Cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy
Sodium retention
Neprilysin Neprilysininhibition
Kääb 11/14
®
LCZ696
LCZ696: Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition
Angiotensinreceptor blocker
Inhibition of neprilysin
Kääb 11/14
®
Prospective comparison of AR NI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and
morbidity in Heart Failure trial (PARADIGM -HF)
SPECIFICALLYSPECIFICALLYSPECIFICALLYSPECIFICALLY DESIGNEDDESIGNEDDESIGNEDDESIGNED TOTOTOTO REPLACEREPLACEREPLACEREPLACE CURRENTCURRENTCURRENTCURRENT USEUSEUSEUSE
OFOFOFOF ACE ACE ACE ACE INHIBITORSINHIBITORSINHIBITORSINHIBITORS ANDANDANDAND ANGIOTENSINANGIOTENSINANGIOTENSINANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORRECEPTORRECEPTORRECEPTOR
BLOCKERSBLOCKERSBLOCKERSBLOCKERS ASASASAS THETHETHETHE CORNERSTONECORNERSTONECORNERSTONECORNERSTONE OFOFOFOF THETHETHETHE
TREATMENTTREATMENTTREATMENTTREATMENT OFOFOFOF HEARTHEARTHEARTHEART FAILUREFAILUREFAILUREFAILURE
Aim of the PARADIGM -HF Trial
LCZ696400 mg daily
Enalapril20 mg daily
McMurray JJV, et al. N Engl J Med 2014
Kääb 11/14
®
0
16
32
40
24
8
Enalapril(n=4212)
360 720 10800 180 540 900 1260Days After Randomization
PARADIGM-HF: Cardiovascular Death or Heart Failure Hospitalization (Primary Endpoint)
41874212
39223883
36633579
30182922
22572123
15441488
896853
249236
LCZ696Enalapril
Patients at Risk
1117
Kap
lan-
Mei
er E
stim
ate
ofC
umul
ativ
e R
ates
(%
)
Kääb 11/14
®
0
16
32
40
24
8
Enalapril(n=4212)
360 720 10800 180 540 900 1260Days After Randomization
41874212
39223883
36633579
30182922
22572123
15441488
896853
249236
LCZ696Enalapril
Patients at Risk
1117
Kap
lan-
Mei
er E
stim
ate
ofC
umul
ativ
e R
ates
(%
) 914
LCZ696(n=4187)
PARADIGM-HF: Cardiovascular Death or Heart Failure Hospitalization (Primary Endpoint)
Kääb 11/14
®
0
16
32
40
24
8
Enalapril(n=4212)
360 720 10800 180 540 900 1260Days After Randomization
41874212
39223883
36633579
30182922
22572123
15441488
896853
249236
LCZ696Enalapril
Patients at Risk
1117
Kap
lan-
Mei
er E
stim
ate
ofC
umul
ativ
e R
ates
(%
) 914
LCZ696(n=4187)
HR = 0.80 (0.73-0.87)P = 0.0000002
Number needed to treat = 21
PARADIGM-HF: Cardiovascular Death or Heart Failure Hospitalization (Primary Endpoint)
Kääb 11/14
®41874212
40564051
38913860
32823231
24782410
17161726
1005994
280279
LCZ696Enalapril
Enalapril(n=4212)
LCZ696(n=4187)
HR = 0.84 (0.76-0.93)P<0.0001
Kap
lan-
Mei
er E
stim
ate
ofC
umul
ativ
e R
ates
(%
)
Days After RandomizationPatients at Risk
360 720 10800 180 540 900 12600
16
32
24
8
835
711
PARADIGM-HF: All Cause Mortality (Secondary Endpoint)
Kääb 11/14Resynchronisationtherapie
Invasive Verfahren bei Herzinsuffizienz
Kääb 11/14
CRT – aktuelle Empfehlungen
Auricchio et al. Eur. Heart J. 2013
Kääb 11/14Goldenberg I, et al. N Engl J Med 2014
CRT verbessert das Überleben auch bei milder Herzinsuffizienz mit komplettem Linksschenkelblock
Kääb 11/14
CRT verbessert das Überleben auch bei milder Herzinsuffizienz mit komplettem Linksschenkelblock
Goldenberg I, et al. N Engl J Med 2014
mit komplettem LSB ohne LSBLBBB
Kääb 11/14
MitraClip bei CRT-NonresponderPERMIT-CARE
LV-Diameter LV-EF
LV-Volumen
Aurricchio et al. JACC 2011
Einschluss PERMIT-CARE (n=51):
• Register• 9 Europ. Zentren• CRT Nonresponder + MitraClip-
Behandlung• Follow-Up: 14 Monate
Kääb 11/14
New Technologies to Fill Therapeutic Gaps
• Electrical Therapies
• Cardiac Contractility Modulation
• Baroceptor Stimulation
• Vagal Nerve Stimulation
• Spinal Cord Stimulation
Kääb 11/14
Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM™) Signals
Delay Duration 22ms
Amplitude ±7.5V
Apply CCM
Signal
Detect localactivation
CCM™ signals are applied during the
absolute refractory period
CCM™ signals are applied during the
absolute refractory period
CCM™ signals are non-excitatory
CCM™ signals are non-excitatory
CCM
MuscleForce
NL HF HF+CCM0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000 P<0.05 vs. HF
SERCA2a
Kääb 11/14
Portable Charger
Optimize™ VI s IPG
Programming WandOmni II™ Programmer
Cardiac Leads
Telemetry
Heart
Cardiac Contractility Modulation
Kääb 11/14
Mechanism of Action
CCM signals directly affect the activity of key regulatory proteins and normalize the expression of key genes leading to
reverse remodeling
Reversal of the Fetal Gene Program
Seconds Hours Months
Normalization of Key RegulatoryProteins Activity
Demonstrated Reverse
Remodeling
27
Findings in human myocardial samples confirm findings in tissue from animal models
Reversal of Fetal Gene Program to Normal Adult Gene Program
GENE EXPRESSION - ON versus OFF Phase ( 11 Pat. )
66.25% 68.00%76.28%
44.47
%
-
29.14%-35.46%
-13.17% -
21.73%0.29
%-43.44%-52.44%
-
35.59%
-28.29%-
33.30%
-
0.22%
34.77%39.87%
74.12
%
98.83%
81.57
%
-
60.00%
-
40.00%
-
20.00%
0.00
%
20.00
%
40.00
%
60.00
%
80.00
%
100.00%
120.00%
Ch
an
ge
in
pe
rce
nta
ge
ON-Phase OFF-Phase
ANP
p =0.001
BNP
p =0.0003
NCX
p =0.030
a-MHC
p = 0.00005
Exp
ect
ed
Tre
nd
fo
r
"No
rma
liza
tio
n"
RyR2
p = 0.000002
SERCA-2a
p = 0.005
p38-MAPK
p =
0.005
PLB
p =
0.002
p21 RAS
p =
0.044
GAPDH
p =
0.444
Butter et al. JACC, 2008
28
FIX-HF-5 II, Efficacy Study
Prim
ary
End
poin
tS
econ
dary
End
poin
ts
Treatment Difference
-0.75
-0.50
-0.25
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
∆∆ ∆∆P
ea
k V
O2
(ml/
kg
/min
)
Control
p=0.024Control Treatment Difference
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
∆∆ ∆∆M
LWH
FQ
p<0.0001
Control Treatment Difference
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
∆∆ ∆∆A
na
ero
bic
Th
resh
old
(ml/
kg
/min
) p=ns
CCM improves PeakVO2 and Quality of Life
Kadish et al, Am Heart J 2011
29
FIX-HF-5 II, Subgroup: NYHA III , EF ≥ 25%
∆∆ ∆∆VA
T (
ml/
kg
/min
)
AllPatients
NYHA IIIEF > 25%
N=428 N=205
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
∆∆ ∆∆P
ea
k V
O 2(m
l/k
g/m
in)
AllPatients
NYHA IIIEF > 25%
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
ΔM
LWH
FQ
AllPatients
NYHA IIIEF > 25%
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
P=NS P=0.05
P<0.01 P<0.01P=0.02 P<0.01
Prim
ary
End
poin
tS
econ
dary
End
poin
ts
CCM effect appears to improve with increasing baseline EF
Abraham et al, JCF 2011
30
Peak VO2 over TimeSubgroup EF ≥25% and NYHA III
Follow Up (Weeks)12 24 50
Control
Treatment
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
Pe
ak
VO
2(m
l/k
g/m
in)
Effect maintained through 50 weeks
Abraham et al, JCF 2011
Kääb 11/14
Effect von Cardiac Contractility Modulation auf QRS-In tervall
n=70mittleres FU: 2,8 Jahre
Röger S, et al. J Electrocardiol 2014
Kääb 11/14
Indication
� Symptomatic heart failure due to systolic
left ventricular dysfunction despite
appropriate medical therapy
Patient Profile and Potential Screening Flow Char t
32
Contraindications
� Permanent or long-standing persistent AF� Mechanical tricuspid valve� 100% VVI – Pacing� PR-interval > 398ms� No subclavian/cephalic venus access (thrombosis)� Age < 18 years
Little or no data available to date (“Precaution”)Patients should be considered prior to implant� Patients with CRT-System� Patients with high number of PVCs (>8900/24h)� Patients with a heart transplant � Patients with NYHA I or EF>35%� Patients with correctible heart valve disease� Potentially reversible heart disease (e.g. Myocardi tis)� Patients with acute or/ significant symptomatic MI
Typical Patient Profile
NYHA Class II-III
EF
QRS
> 20%
normal
Peak VO2 > 9 ml/Kg/min
6 Min Walk > 300
NYHA II, IIIdespite appropriate medication
CRT / CRT-D Consider CCM
LBBB & QRS ≥120
or QRS ≥150 ms
EF < 35%No
ICD
Kääb 11/14
Cardiac Contractility Modulation seit 2014 an der LMU
Patient F. K, 61 J
Ischämische Kardiomyopathie(Z.n. ACB-OP 2010)
EF 30%
ICD Implantation 5/2011
NYHA III (trotz OMT)
regelm SR, QRS 118 ms
Implantation eines CCM 9/14
Kääb 11/14
Interdisziplinäre Stufentherapie
Patient
Hausarzt &Internist
Herz-insuffizienzSpezialist
Interventionalist &Elektrophysiologe
Herz-Chirurg
Interdisziplinäre Herzinsuffizienz-Ambulanz der LMUTel.: Innenstadt: 089 4400 52305Herzlichen Dank für Ihre
Aufmerksamkeit!