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Preface

shaping tomorrow with you

Information and communication technologyICThas given shape to the visions ofmany. The role of ICT in our society, businesses, and our personal lives continues togrow. At Fujitsu, we recognize that our role and responsibilities must also continue togrow as we strive to meet the expectations of our customers.Guided by our corporate vision, the constant pursuit of innovation, we are workingwith customers to support their success and shape a prosperous tomorrow for society.This will be achieved through Fujitsu's development of technological innovation across

the many different fields of ICT.Our corporate values emphasize the importance of striving to be a valued andtrusted partner to our customers. Based on those values, we approach business bythinking about our customers' customers. Therefore we continue to strengthen ourglobal structure to ensure we can support our customers wherever they do business.Additionally, we see ICT as a powerful tool in reducing our customers' burden on theenvironment, and we will continue to create a prosperous society.Fujitsu aims at continually improving ourselves to ensure we are a company that ourcustomers, shareholders, business partners, and our employees take great pride in.

FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese

are the first 4 characters of ancient Japanese, similar to ABC in English.The first few characters often prove to be crucial in the progress of learners as it cansometimes determine their level of interest in the language. This generally dependson their ability to become familiar with it.FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese is targeted at those looking to acquire beginner-levelJapanese language skills. The guide offers a fun and interactive way to learn Japanesewhile at the same time developing a greater understanding of Fujitsu and our productportfolio.Lead by marketing representative Kanako Sato, while investigating Fujitsu'scomprehensive products, participants will learn 45 Japanese grammatical items overthe course of 8 lessons.For participants new to the Fujitsu brand, this is a great opportunity to become familiarwith our products while learning a foreign language at the same time.

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Explanatory NotesThe Structure of This Book

1. Preparatory StudyPlease read the following before starting to study with this book: Features of Japanese: Features of Japanese Grammar, Japanese Characters,

Japanese Sounds and Writing System Japanese Gojuon Greetings and Set Phrases Main Characters

2. Main TextThere are eight lessons in total, each of which is composed of the following: Dialogues: Shown in original JapaneseChinese characters and kana characters+

Romanized letters + English translation. Grammar notes: When this book is finished, learners will have virtually mastered

beginner-level Japanese grammar. In Practice A, you will practice basic conversation patterns through substitution

drills. In Practice B, referring to the example and/or illustration, you will put the

conversations into practical use. Finally, you can use the conversation to talk about

yourself. Related words & expressions: Useful words and information in each lesson. Column: Introduction to the Fujitsu Group.

3. AppendicesThese include eight items such as Numbers, Dates, Time, Interrogative words,Adjectives, Adverbsdegree and amount, Verb conjugation & usage of different formsand The Syllabus. These are useful both for self-study and reviewing.

4. Index

All the words in this book are listed at the end of the volume. New words in eachlesson are listed at the bottom of the page in which they appear.

AbbreviationsN NounA i-adjectiveNa na-adjectiveV Verb

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Preliminaries

Features of Japanese

I. Features of Japanese Grammar1. Parts of speech

The Japanese language is composed of nouns, adjectives, verbs, conjunctions, particles,etc.

2. Word orderIn Japanese the predicate is always placed at the end of the sentence. Also, modifierscome before the word to be modified.

3. Predicate and conjugationIn Japanese, the predicate can be a noun, adjective or verb. You change the form ofthe predicateconjugate itto indicate tense and whether the sentence is affirmativeor not. There are two types of adjectives in Japanese, i-adjectives and na-adjectives,and they conjugate differently.In Japanese, words do not change to indicate person, gender or number.

4. ParticlesParticles are attached to words and phrases. Within a sentence, particles are used toindicate the relationship between words, to add various meanings and to show thespeaker's intention.

5. OmissionIf the subject or object of the sentence is understood from the context, it is frequentlyomitted.

II. Japanese Characters

There are three types of characters in Japanese: hiragana, katakana and kanji. Kanjiand hiragana are used to write Japanese. Katakana is used to write foreign placenames, foreign names, foreign cultural expressions, and foreign loan words used inJapanese.Other than these three types of characters, Romanized letters are also used. Theseare used to depict Japanese sounds in an easily understood alphabetical form forforeigners, so while they are often used on such things as station signs, etc., they arenot found in ordinary usage.The core Japanese alphabet consists of 50 key hiragana and katakana characters. InJapanese these are referred to as "Gojuon."

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Example:1 hiragana hiragana katakana katakana kanji Chinese characters/kanji Nihongo Romaji Romanized letters

2

Kim Miyoung-san wa takushii de Shinagawa-eki made ikimashita. Ms. Kim Miyoung went to Shinagawa Station by taxi.

III. Japanese Sounds and Writing System

Japanese characters can be found on page 10. The Japanese language is made up ofsingle vowels or a consonant plus a vowel. All sounds basically have the same lengththe length of one handclapwhen spoken. This unit of sound is called a 'mora.'

1. Vowels1Short vowelsa i u e o

Example ailove inudog umahorse

ekistation otosound

How to write kana1Kana is used to denote Japanese sounds.

2Long vowelsIf the pronunciation of a vowel in Japanese is lengthened it becomes a long vowel. Asthe length of the vowel may change the meaning of the word, attention needs to bepaid to this when listening to people speak and pronouncing words.

Example obasanaunt obaasangrandmother ojisanuncle ojiisangrandfather yukisnow yuukicourage heyaroom heeyaplain kokohere kookoohigh school

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Preliminaries

How to write kana2In this textbook Romanized letters are written as shown on the previous page.

How to write long vowels in hiragana

To denote a long vowel ending with an 'a,' 'i' or 'u,' an extra 'a,' 'i' or 'u' isadded.

Example okaasanmother oniisanolder brother yuubelast night

To denote a long vowel ending with an 'e,' an 'e' is added.*

Example tokeewatch, clock senseeteacherExceptionsoneesanolder sister eeyes

To denote a long vowel ending with an 'o,' an 'o' is added.*

Example imootoyounger sister kooenparkException ookiibig ooimany kooriice

The written forms of the names of a person, place, company, etc., use English.

Example Sato Tokyo Kyoto Kobe Fujitsu

* In hiragana, to denote a long vowel ending with anor, anoris added, but as

these are pronounced as 'e' and 'o' respectively, in Romanized letters they are written as 'e' and 'o.'

How to write long vowels in katakanaTo denote a long vowel in katakana, ' ' is used.

Example chiimuteam koohiicoffee

2. Consonants1Voiceless, voiced and 'pa' sounds

In Japanese, words can be pronounced with a voiceless soundthe 'ka,' 'sa,' 'ta' and 'ha'rows, a voiced soundthe 'ga,' 'za,' 'da' and 'ba' rowsor a 'pa' soundthe 'pa' row.Note that whichever one of these is used will alter the meaning of the word.

Example mataagain madanotyet dare kasomeone dare gawho boroborotattered poroporoin large drops

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2Pronunciation of 'n''n' is a consonant, but pronounced the length of one mora. How it is pronounceddepends on the sound coming after it. Though the pronunciation differs, it is alwayswritten as 'n' in Romanized letters.

When it comes before an 'n,' 'd' or 't,' it is pronounced 'n.'

Example onnawoman undooexercise anteistability

When it comes before a 'p,' 'b' or 'm,' it is pronounced 'm.'

Example sanpowalk shinbunnewspaper bunmeicivilization

When it comes before a 'k' or 'g,' it is pronounced as a nasal '.'

Example tenkiweather sengetsulast month

3Pronunciation of 'ga'When the consonant 'ga' comes at the beginning of a word, it is pronounced 'g,' but inthe middle of the word it is pronounced as a nasal '.'

Example gakkooschool ongakumusic

However, in recent years, many people use 'g' even when it is in the middle of a word.

4Diphthongsconsonant + 'ya,' 'yu,' 'yo'Diphthongs kya, kyu, kyo, gya, gyu, gyo, etc.arepronounced the length of one mora.

Example jiyuu liberty 3 moras juu gun 2 moras

How to write kana3To denote a diphthong, a small kana '-ya,' '-yu' or ' -yo' is used.

5Double consonantsSome consonants have a 'k,' 't,' 's' or 'p' placed in front of them, making them doubleconsonants. Double consonant '-kk,' '-tt,' '-ss,' and '-pp' are plosives, with the speakerpausing after pronouncing the consonant. The length of the pause is one mora.

Example motoformer2 moras mottomore3 moras ikasquid2 moras ikkawhole family3 moras

Note that when a consonant is doubled, the meaning of the word changes.

Example shiteimasudoing shite2 moras shitteimasuknow shitte3 moras

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Preliminaries

How to write kana4A small ' ' is used in front of the ' ka,' ' sa,' ' ta' and ' ha' rows to denote adouble consonant.

6Devoicing of vowelsThe vowels 'i' and 'u' are whispered when they come between such consonants as 'k,' 's,''t,' 'p' and 'h.'

Example sukilike kusurimedicine

Also, in a standard accent the 'u' in desuand masuat the end of asentence is also whispered.

Example 9ku-ji desu It's 9 o'clock. kikimasu listen

3. AccentUnlike English, which has stress accent, Japanese has pitch accenthigh/low.In a standard accent, the pitch between the first and second moras must be different.

Example denwa telephoneFujitsu Fujitsu shinpo progress

Note that if the pitch is changed, the word changes meaning.Example hashi bridge hashi chopsticks

ame candy/sweet ame rain

4. IntonationBasically, the end of a declarative sentence has a flat or falling intonation, while the end of an interrogative sentence has a rising intonation.

Example

TCS flat Fujitsu TCS ni wa saaba ya sutoreeji ga arimasu.

rising

Issho ni ikimasen ka.

falling

Ee, zehi.

Mr. RyanThere are servers and storage systems at Fujitsu TCS. Shall we go together?

Ms. Kim Yes, definitely.

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Japanese Gojuon

a i u e o

k ka ki ku ke ko

s sa shi su se so

t ta chi tsu te to

n na ni nu ne no

h ha hi fu he ho m ma mi mu me mo

y ya i yu e yo

r ra ri ru re ro

w wa iue o

n

g ga gi gu ge go

z za ji zu ze zo

d da ji zu de do

b ba bi bu be bo

p pa pi pu pe po

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Preliminaries

kya kyu kyo

sha shu sho

cha chu cho

nya nyu nyo

hya hyu hyo mya myu myo

rya ryu ryo

gya gyu gyo

ja ju jo

bya byu byo

pya pyu pyo

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Greetings and Set Phrases

Ohayoo gozaimasu.Good morning.

Konnichiwa.Hello.

Konbanwa.Good evening.

Ogenki desu ka.Are you well?

Hai, okage-sama de.Yes, thank you.

Otsukare-sama deshita.You have worked hard.

Set phrase when finishing work

Osaki ni shitsuree-shimasu.Excuse me for leaving first.

Set phrase when leaving work

Arigatoogozaimasu.Thank you very much.

Doo itashimashite.You're welcome.

Doomosumimasen.Excuse me.

Iie.

Not at all.

Iie.Not at all.

Gomennasai.I'm sorry.

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Preliminaries

Kanpai!Cheers!

Itadakimasu.I shall start/eat.Set phrase before eating

Gochisoo-samadeshita.Thank you for the food.

Omedetoogozaimasu.

Congratulations.

Arigatoogozaimasu.

Thank youvery much.

Shitsuree-shimasu.Excuse me.

Hai, doozo.Yes, come in.

Mata, aimashoo. Ogenki de.Let's meet again. Look after yourself.

Sayoonara.Goodbye.

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Rolf SchmidtFujitsu Technology SolutionsMale, German

Kim MiyoungFujitsu Korea LimitedFemale, Korean

Hasegawa IchiroGeneral ManagerFujitsu Head OfficeGlobal Marketing DivisionMale, Japanese

Michael ChinFujitsu Hong Kong LimitedMale, Chinese

Kathy ChenLawyerFemale, Singaporean

Main Characters

Practice

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Preliminaries

Sato KanakoFujitsu Head OfficeGlobal Marketing DivisionFemale, Japanese

Edward RyanFujitsu Head OfficeMale, British

Suzuki SachiyoFujitsu Head OfficeFemale, Japanese

Maria RubensonResearcherFemale, Swedish

Jennifer KingInternat a Japanese companyFemale, Australian