Skeletal System

Facts

• 350 bones at birth• 206 bones as an adult

Functions

• Provide stable framework which aids in the protection of internal organs.

• Storage of minerals like calcium and phosphorus.

• Manufacture red blood cells as well as some of the white blood cells

Axial skeleton

• Axial skeleton-Skull, spine, ribs and sternum

(breastbone).• Appendicular skeleton

-Includes hands, feet, arms, legs, shoulders and hips

Types of bones

• Short bones-Bones found in the wrist and ankles.

• Long bones-Bones found in the arms and legs.

• Flat bones-Bones found in the skull, hips, ribs and

shoulder blades• Irregular bones

-Bones found in the vertebrae.

Cartilage

- Flexible connective tissue that adds protection between the joints and gives shape to certain parts of the body like the ears and nose.

Types of Joints

• Ball and socket joint-Found in the shoulders and hips

• Hinge joint-Found in the fingers, toes, knees and elbows

• Ellipsoidal joint-The group of bones that make up the wrist and ankles.

• Pivot joint-The joint that sits at the top of the spine(vertebrae) and allows the skull to pivot sideways and move up and down.

Connective tissues

• Ligaments - Strong fibrous bands that connect bone

to bone.• Tendons

- Strong fibrous cords that hold muscle to muscle or muscle to bone.

Fractures

• Hairline- small crack in the bone usually from repetitive motion

• Complete or transverse- bone is broken all the way across the bone

• Comminuted or shattered- bone crushed into many pieces

• Spiral- bone broken in a spiral fashion from twisting of limb.

• Compound- bone breaks and sticks out of the skin.

Problems with Skeletal System

• Osteoporosis-Loss of bone mass from poor nutrition

or could be part of the aging process.• Scoliosis

-Bones become soft or weak and tend to curve. Often found in the spine.

Joint injuries

• Dislocation-bone skips from normal position• Torn cartilage- result from sharp blow or severe

twisting• Bunion- swelling of the bursa in first joint of big

toe• Bursitis- Bursa in any joint becomes inflamed• Arthritis- inflammation of a joint, characterized

by pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness

Fractures

Dislocations

Dislocations