Slid 1Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 1

Facility For Rare Isotope Beams

Bradley M. SherrillFRIB

Michigan State University

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 2

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB Broad Overview

• Driver linac capable of E/A 200 MeV for all ions, Pbeam 400 kW

• Experimental capabilities for reaccelerated, stopped and in-flight beams

• Upgrade options (tunnel can house E/A = 400 MeV uranium driver linac, ISOL, multi-user capability …)

Slid 3Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 3

From Where We areto Baseline to Completed FRIB

The preliminary choices will be reexamined with community input, more peer review and with DOE review and approval

– Alternatives will be documented in a Conceptual Design Report (CDR) together with the preferred alternatives indicated. The CDR is subject to DOE approval. Important user input at the FRIB Equipment Workshop Feb 20-22 in East Lansing

– Following Preliminary Engineering and Design, FRIB will have performance baseline (scope, cost, schedule) defined. This baseline is subject to DOE approval.

– After detailed design, project starts construction (subject to DOE approval)– Pre-operations after construction leads to project completion (subject to DOE

approval)

CD-1

CD-2

CD-3

CD-4

Feb 2004 Q3 2010 Q3 2012 Q3 2013 > Sep 2017

CD4 Range 10/2017 to 2/2019

Slid 5Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 5

Alternatives Analysis: FRIB Folded layout

ECR

Cryoplant

Light Ion Injector(upgrade)

FRIB LINAC

Fragment Separators Experimental

Areas

Switchyard/ Production Area

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 7

Science Drivers for FRIB

• Nuclear Structure– Explore the limits of existence and

study new phenomena– Possibility of a broadly applicable

model of nuclei– Probing neutron skins– Synthesis of superheavy elements*

• Nuclear Astrophysics– The origin of the heavy elements– Explosive nucleosynthesis– Composition of neutron star crusts

• Fundamental Symmetries– Tests of fundamental symmetries*

• Other Scientific Applications– Stockpile stewardship, materials,

medical, reactors*

Taken from the NRC Rare Isotope Science Assessment Committee (RISAC) Report, 2007 National Academies Press

* ISOL required for part or all of the program

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 8

Examples of Scientific Goals of FRIB that Drive Specifications

• Produce and study nuclei along the drip lines at A≈100

• Produce and study nuclei in the r-process including at N=126

• Provide reaccelerated beams capabilities, e.g. 54Ca (astrophysics, fusion, transfer, COULEX, etc.)

• Study benchmark nuclei, e.g. 60Ca

• Superheavy element studies and fundamental symmetries experiments require that ISOL production by 600 MeV protons be an option

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 9

What New Nuclides Will FRIB Produce?

• FRIB will produce more than 1000 new isotopes at useful rates

• Many isotopes are produced in fragmentation and in-flight fission at greater than 1010/s

• Special cases, e.g., 15O will have 2x1010/s

• For reaccelerated beam rates we assume only 1% efficiency for the gas cell at greater than a few 108/s

Rates are available at http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/frib/rates/

After fragment separator

Reaccelerated

Slid 10Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 10

Stopped and Reaccelerated Beams

• Stopped beam area (operational in 2010/2011)

• ReA3 – Funded by MSU (operational in 2011 for rare isotope beams)

• ReA12 - in FRIB project (2015)

Notional layout and equipment shown

Slid 11Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 11

Theory Road Map: Nuclear Structure and Reactions

• Theory Road Map – comprehensive description of the atomic nucleus– Ab initio models – study of

neutron-rich, light nuclei helps determine the force to use in models

– Configuration-interaction theory; study of shell and effective interactions

– The universal energy density functional (DFT) – determine parameters

– The role of the continuum and reactions and decays of nuclei

• IMPORTANT: Understand and select sensitive measurements

Ab initio

Configurationinteraction

Energy density functional

Continuum

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 12

126

Known half-life

NSCL reach

First experiments

28

50

82

82

50

FRIB reachfor (d,p)

• β decay properties• masses (Trap +

TOF)• (d,p) to constrain

(n,γ)• fission barriers,

yields

• β decay properties• masses (Trap +

TOF)• (d,p) to constrain

(n,γ)• fission barriers,

yields

(66) Dy

(68) Er

(70) Yb

RISACKey Nuclei

(67) Ho

(69) Tm

FutureReach

N=126

FRIB reach forhalf-lives

Reach of FRIB for r-process Studies

Current reach

H. Schatz

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 13

108-9

107-8

106-7

105-6

104-5

102-4

109-10

10>10

All reaction rates up to ~Ti can be directly measured

most reaction rates up to ~Sr can bedirectly measured

key reaction rates can beindirectly measuredincluding 72Kr waiting point

direct (p,g)

direct (p,a) or (a,p)transfer

(p,p), some transfer

rp-process

Reach of FRIB for Novae and X-ray Burst Reaction Rate Studies

H. Schatz15O projected intensity of available at >1010/s level

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 14

Tests of Nature’s Fundamental Symmetries

• Angular correlations in β-decay and search for scalar currentso Mass scale for new particle

comparable with LHCo 6He and 18Ne at near 1012/s

• Electric Dipole Momentso 225Ac, 223Rn, 225Ra, 229Pa (30,000

more sensitive than 199Hg)

• Parity Non-Conservation in atomso weak charge in the nucleus

(francium isotopes; 109/s)

• Unitarity of CKM matrixo Vud by super allowed Fermi decay

o Probe the validity of nuclear corrections

e γ

Z

212Fr

G. Savard

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 15

Rare Isotopes For Society

• Isotopes for medical research– Examples: 47Sc, 62Zn, 64Cu, 67Cu, 68Ge, 149Tb,

153Gd, 168Ho, 177Lu, 188Re, 211At, 212Bi, 213Bi, 223Ra (DOE Isotope Workshop)

– -emitters 149Tb, 211At: potential treatment of metastatic cancer

• Reaction rates important for stockpile stewardship – non-classified research– Determination of extremely high neutron fluxes

by activation analysis– Rare isotope samples for (n,g), (n,n’), (n,2n),

(n,f) e.g. 88,89Zr» Same technique important for astrophysics

– More difficult cases studied via surrogate reactions (d,p), (3He,a xn) …

• Tracers for Geology, Condensed Matter (8Li), material studies, …

Isotope harvesting is in the FRIB scope

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 16

ISOL Background: Expert Panel Recommendations

• NSAC RIB Task Force 2007 (Symon’s committee) – “First, in contrast to the gas stopper, we view the ISOL target as a part of the experimental equipment rather than a necessary core capability of the accelerator. Provision should be made to accommodate such a target, but the decision to construct it should be based on the existence of a strong collaboration and an approved experimental program.”

• 2007 NSAC LRP - “physicists have begun planning a next-generation Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which will deliver the highest intensity beams of rare isotopes available anywhere. But FRIB will not be available for a decade. So in the meantime, physicists hope to continue developing a comprehensive picture of atomic nuclei by strengthening operations and carrying out modest upgrades at the National User Facilities (at ANL’s ATLAS, ORNL’s HRIBF, and MSU’s NSCL)”

• OECD 2008 Working Group on Nuclear Physics Report - “The future nuclear physics facilities such as the multi-megawatt ISOL systems and electron-ion collider would also require a global R&D effort.”

Slid 17Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009, Slide 17

ISOL at FRIB

• Community Input in support of ISOL at FRIB– Consensus statement from the ANL FRIB Workshop, May 2009 “We support including

space to implement an ISOL option.”– Strong support and scientific case presented at the Workshop on Rare Atom Physics in Ann

Arbor, MI June 2009– Collaboration meeting held in Aug 2009 at MSU

• It seems clear ISOL is important for the future of rare isotope science and FRIB– User interest– At least two of the RISAC science drivers (heavy elements and EDM searches) most likely

require ISOL

• Infrastructure to implement ISOL is included in FRIB

• Implementation of ISOL at FRIB may cost tens of M$ ( detailed cost estimates are underway but not complete)

• For early and effective implementation of ISOL at FRIB it is necessary and important to continue ISOL programs in the U.S.

Brad Sherrill, HRIBF Workshop 2009 Slide 18

Summary

• FRIB will allow production of a wide range of isotopes– Extend our searches for the limits to nuclear

stability– Answer key questions on the nature of the

universe (chemical history, mechanisms of stellar explosions)

– Significant opportunities for the tests of fundamental symmetries

– Potential for important societal applications

• ISOL will likely be an important production mechanism for FRIB and the infrastructure to make easy implementation is included in the base facility

• Continued ISOL programs and developments are important; ORNL/HRIBF is the U.S. center for those activities