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School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

Basics of IEEE referencing system

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Plagiarism

• Plagiarism - The presentation of the thoughts or works of another as one's own.

• This includes:

copying or paraphrasing material from any source without due acknowledgment

using another's ideas without due acknowledgment

working with others without permission and presenting the resulting work as though it was completed independently

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Plagiarism also includes;

Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

Giving wrong information about the source of a quotation

Submitting work already submitted before in a previous semester or for a different subject.

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Purpose of Referencing

• Referencing systems are used for the following reasons:

To accurately identify source material for key concepts and ideas

To use the authority of a key source to support your ideas

To demonstrate broad understanding and familiarity with the field

To direct interested readers to the original sources.

To contrast different approaches or results from previous studies

To avoid plagiarism!

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Referencing Requirements

• Any material extracted directly from another source without alteration must be referenced

• This includes:

Quoted text or equations

Figures, schematics, tables

Source code (software or simulations)

Hardware details

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• The most important point to remember when trying to avoid plagiarism in any work is that YOUR IDEAS MUST BE YOUR OWN. It is fine to include the ideas of others if they are thoroughly documented and given credit. However, it is not acceptable to simply use their ideas in a paraphrased way that restates ‘their’ ideas--not yours.

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What is Referencing?

• Standardized method of acknowledging sources of information and ideas that are used in an assignment in a way that uniquely identifies its source

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When do we Reference?

•Within & at the end of the assignment when using:

Direct Quotations

Facts, Figures, Ideas & Theories – Not common knowledge

Information rewritten in your own words (paraphrase)

From books, journals, Internet, videos, radio, TV, lecture notes

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Referencing Systems

• There are two major classes of referencing system:

In Text Referencing (Example : Harvard or Author/Date)

Numeric Referencing (Example : IEEE)

• You are free to choose from these styles, but:

IEEE is the recommended style for Engineering students

You must be consistent throughout the document.

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Purpose of IEEE Style

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) Style is used primarily

for publications in engineering,

electronics, telecommunications,

computer science and information technology.

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There are two main features of IEEE system:

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IEEE Referencing System

• References (including equations) are numbered according to the order that they are cited in the text. Punctuation occurs after the notation

• Sources have the same number throughout the document

• Each citation number is enclosed by square brackets on the text line. E.g. “This is an IEEE reference [4].”

• Do not state “In reference [3]…”

• State “In [3] it was found…”

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IEEE Referencing System

• Author names need not be mentioned.

• If there are 3 or more authors, you may use et al.

• If they are to be mentioned:

Up to six authors can be mentioned in the text

Only the first author is preferable - followed by et al.

E.g. “In [4], Jones, Watson and Harris defined …”

E.g. “In [3], Clark et al. demonstrated that …”

• Do not include source titles, dates, etc. in the text.

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IEEE Referencing System

• To cite more than 1 source:

[1], [2], [6] or [1, 2, 6]

[6] – [15] or [6 – 15]

• Citations should be in plain font :-

No text formatting such as Superscript/Subscript/ItalicsNOTE: Use the reference number right after its first use; do not put it after every sentence in a paragraph unless you introduce other material between the first reference within the paragraph and its end.

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Citing a source within a source (citing a secondary source)

,• In some referencing styles, such as author/date the writer would acknowledge the original work in the in-text citation.

• For example: Anderson and Gray's study of the auditory perception of pitch in the voice (as cited in Mcardle, 1985) proved...

However, IEEE requires the writer to go to the original source and cite the original source

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General Characteristics of IEEE reference list

• the square bracketed reference numbers are set flush left and form a column of their own, hanging out beyond the body of the reference;

• every (important) word in the title of a book, journal or conference must be capitalized;

• capitalize only the first word of the title of an article, paper, thesis or book chapter;

Now we come to the reference list:

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•Some remarkable elements:

In numerical order – i.e. the order of citation NOT alphabetical .The author name is first name (or initial) and last. This differs from other styles where author's last name is first.

First word and significant words in article titles, papers, theses must be capitalized

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The title of an article (or chapter, conference paper, patent, etc.) is in quotation marks.

The title of the book or journal is in italics.

• to indicate a page range, use pp. but only p. for one page;

• Name all authors and use only initials for first names; use the entire word “and” before the last name of multiple authors;

• Double space both within and between entries

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You may use this citation machine for format your references page

Some Important Cases:

• Example:

[3] J. U. Duncombe, “Infrared navigation—Part I: An assessment of feasibility,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, vol. ED-11, pp. 34–39, Jan. 1959

Electronic Journal articles:

[#] A. Author, "Title of Article," Title of Journal, vol., no., p. page numbers, month year. [Format]. Available: Database Name (if appropriate), internet address. [Accessed: date of access].

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Internet documents

[#] A. Author, "Document title,"Webpage name, Source/production information, Date of internet publication. [Format]. Available: internet address. [Accessed: Date of access].

Standard format for citation

Example: [1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects,” European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190, 1997. [Online]. Available: http://www.etsi.org. [Accessed: Aug. 17, 1998].

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Book Chapter

[#] A. A. Author of Part, "Title of chapter or part," in Title: Subtitle of book, Edition, Vol., A. Editor, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher, Year, pp. inclusive page numbers.

[1] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180.

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Conference Proceedings

• Conference Paper form the Internet[#] A. Author of  Paper and B. Author of Paper,  "Title of paper," inProceedings of the Title of Conference: Subtitle of conference, Month Date, Year, Location. Place of publication: Publisher, Year. Available: Database Name (if appropriate), internet address. [Accessed: date of access].

Conference Proceedings

[#] A. Editor and B. Editor, Eds., Title of Conference: Subtitle of conference, Month Date, Year, Location. Place of publication: Name of  Publisher, Year.

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Online Video

• Reference list: [34] YouTube. “Tutorial on Setting up LaTeX”. Youtube.com. [Online]. Available http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jt8_7IRaETw [Accessed: 20 March 2012].

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Test your understanding:True or False?1. In the in-text references, references are numbered [1] in the order of appearance in the article

T/F

2. In in-text referencing, we must mention Author’s first and surname T/F

3. In in-text referencing, we need to mention the date of publication for the article T/F

4. In the reference list, we use pp. to indicate a range of pages, not just a specific page T/F

5. In both in-text referencing & the reference list, the title of an article (or chapter, conference paper, patent, etc.) is in quotation marks.

6. In both in-text referencing & the reference list, the title of the book or journal is underlined.

7.

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Resources

• IEEEXplore to Bibtex:

http://www.unik.no/personer/fauske/bibconverter/ieeexplore.php

• IEEE Author guide (specifically for research publications)

http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/pubs/transactions/information.html

• Virginia Tech – Writing resource

http://www.writing.eng.vt.edu/index.html