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Small Cells Overview
Babar Shahbaz [email protected]
6th TeleCON
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• Drivers and Market Segmentation
• Cisco Licensed Small Cells Architecture Overview
• Summary
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ATTRACTIVE ECONOMICS OF OFFLOAD
GROWTH IN MOBILE DATA
LACK OF SPECTRUM
MULTI-RADIO DEVICES
BIG SHIFT TO INDOOR
CONSUMPTION
High-growth Wi-Fi opportunities are attracting intense competition
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Macro 2G/3G/4G
Business Community Consumer Wi-Fi Femto
Ubiquitous Coverage
High Bandwidth
Overall Capacity Not Keeping Pace with Data Demand
5
Opportunity for Licensed/Unlicensed Small Cells
100
10
1 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Gro
wth
Source: Agilent
Spectrum
Macro Capacity
18x Growth
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Myth vs Reality – The true 3G Capacity
14.4 Mbps 2.2 Mbps 776 Kbps 259 Kbps 2.4 Mbps
Maximum theoretical capacity next to Antenna
1
Average sector capacity before voice traffic
2
Average sector capacity after voice traffic
3
Average sector capacity with 75% indoor share
4
Average user bit rate depending on sector load
5
Example based on assumption that available capacity is shared among three data users.
6
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Source; ABI/Cisco Cost of Production Analysis, assuming CPE offered without cost to consumer and depreciated over 3 years
Busy Hour Mbps
$
Busy Hour Mbps
$
Macro
Femto SP WiFi
• Macro Networks Mobile Internet Economics – significant incremental cost of production
Ranges from ~$2/GB (3 carrier config) to ~$6/GB (1 carrier config)
• Indoor offload solutions deliver very low incremental cost of production, similar to fixed Internet economics
• As consumption rises, becomes more cost effective to offload traffic:
Compared with a 1-carrier macro cell, femto delivers improved economics for users with >750 MB/mo consumption
Compared with a 3-carrier macro cell, SP WiFi delivers improved economics for users with >500 MB/mo consumption
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• Dedicated low power and low capacity licensed radio access point (3G/LTE) that connects with existing mobile core network via an existing broadband connection
• Small cell benefits Standard Architecture Improved indoor coverage for higher voice quality and data rates Ubiquitous service and mobility with macro network Cost reduction with macro network and backhaul offload New services (homezone, enterprise integration)
• Multiple target segments with all having specific requirements
Residential (femto) SMB Public venues Enterprise
Existing Mobile Core (MSC, MPC/EPC)
ISP/ Internet
UE
Small Cell H(e)NBGW (inc. SeGW)
Macro Network
CPE/ RGW
Small Cells Provisioning
Iu/S1
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RESIDENTIAL SMB ENTERPRISE MICRO CELL VENUE METRO CELL
≤20mW 7‐13dBm
≤100mW 17‐20dBm
≤250mW 20‐24dBm
≤250mW 20‐24dBm
≤2W 24‐33dBm
≤5W 33‐37dBm
4‐8 Users 1 Node/site
8‐16 Users 1 Node/Site
16‐32+ Users 1‐10,10+ Node/Site
16‐32+ Users 1‐10/10+ Node/Site
32‐64+ Users 1 Node/Site
64‐128 Users 1 Node/Site
Closed Closed/Open Open/Hybrid Open Open Open
Hand Out Hand Out Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC
internet Internet/managed Internet/managed Internet/managed Managed Managed
TR‐069 TR‐069 TR‐069 (w/ group mgmnt)
TR‐069 Other
TR‐069 Other
POWER POWER
USERS USERS
ACCESS ACCESS
HAND OVER HAND OVER
BACKHAUL BACKHAUL
PROVISIONING PROVISIONING
SON SON Distributed/Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid
(w/ group mgmnt) Hybrid
(Macro integration) Hybrid
(Macro Integration) Hybrid
(w/ group mgmnt)
TR‐069 (w/ group mgmnt)
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• Femtocell Shipments: From 3.2 millions in 2012 to 92 millions by 2016 • Small cells to make up almost 90% of all base stations by 2016 Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Sub
scrib
er T
raffi
c &
Rev
enue
Gro
wth
Adoption Timeline
CHASM
2008
Connected Home Improved applications (QoS, presence) Maximize Capacity
Connected Enterprise Triple Play for Business LTE support
Public Venue/Hotspot (3G Offload) Open Access Femto Combining with WiFi and LTE
Standalone Femto Improve indoor coverage Mostly voice, some data
EARLY ADOPTERS MASS MARKET
2012 +
10
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Metro/ Hotspot Access
Residential Access SMB/Enterprise
AAA Captive Portal
SON Server
Cloud Services, Applications, & Operations
ZTD/
DHCP Policy Mgmt
Reporting
Internet & Services
Application Partners
Stadium / Large Venue
Indoor WiFi/Femto
Hotspot
Outdoor WiFi/Femto
Metro
Residential WiFi
Small Radio Controller and
Backhaul
Cloud TR-069 HMS
CMTS BNG Fiber
Own or 3rd party broadband
SMB Managed WiFi /Femto AP
Enterprise WiFi/Femto AP
Enterprise WiFi/Femto Controller
Residential Femto AP
Converged Aggregation and Subscriber Control
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RESIDENTIAL SMB ENTERPRISE MICRO CELL VENUE METRO CELL
POWER POWER ≤20mW 7‐13dBm
≤100mW 17‐20dBm
≤250mW 20‐24dBm
≤250mW 20‐24dBm
≤2W 24‐33dBm
≤5W 33‐37dBm
USERS USERS 4‐8 Users 1 Node/site
8‐16 Users 1 Node/Site
16‐32+ Users 1‐10,10+ Node/Site
16‐32+ Users 1‐10/10+ Node/Site
32‐64+ Users 1 Node/Site
64‐128 Users 1 Node/Site
ACCESS ACCESS Closed Closed/Open Open/Hybrid Open Open Open
HAND OVER HAND OVER Hand Out Hand Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC Hand In/Out, SC2SC
SON SON Distributed/Hybrid Hybrid Hybrid
(w/ group mgmnt) Hybrid
(Macro integration) Hybrid
(Macro Integration)
BACKHAUL BACKHAUL internet Internet/Managed Internet/Managed Internet/Managed Internet Other Other
PROVISIONING PROVISIONING TR‐069 TR‐069 TR‐069 (w/ group mgmnt)
TR‐069 (w/ group mgmnt)
TR‐069 Other
TR‐069 Other
Hybrid (w/ group mgmnt)
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End‐to‐End Validated Solution – Services to Speed Deployment
Cisco WLC
Cisco ISG
Cisco Prime Portal & Policy
Femto/Small Cell Gateway
Internet
3G/4G Mobile Packet
Core
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Solution rolled out nationally by June 2010 ~800k units sold >600k active Units are installed by consumers 92% are completed without AT&T’s involvement thanks to our ZTPS [Zero-Touch Provisioning System] 1.8M calls / 7M minutes handled daily 2.2 TB of mobile data offloaded Inserting ASR5K to replace existing Access Controller
Project Facts • Challenging project from the start: specs being defined ‘on the go’ in a nascent segment of the industry
• True ‘Whole Offer’ for Cisco
• A lot of new development was required, working with multiple partners (including ip.access)
• Fantastic dedication by the Engineering team!
• ‘Best Commercial Rollout’ award at Femto World Summit in London (June 2010)
• Led to ASR5K insertion and future expansion opportunities
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• Small Cells are becoming mainstream for the service providers
• Cisco has extensive residential small cells experience including dense network deployment
• Cisco Small Cells solution is evolving to address new markets and use cases Open access public venue Hybrid access enterprise
• Key technology focus include New multi-mode AP Self Organising/Optimizing Networks
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Focus shifting from wireless technology to connectivity Most devices will have Wi-Fi.
Increased emphasis on dynamically selecting the best network(s)
We get asked: If I have LTE, do I need Wi-Fi ? Answer: YES
We get asked: if I have Wi-Fi, do I need LTE ? Answer: YES
Wi-Fi and Cellular are complementary SPs are thinking: Cellular for voice and premium service; Wi-Fi for data
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Okay: I need both. But tell me why I should integrate them ?
Integration Benefits in Outdoor/Metro Leverage Site Acquisition, Power, B/Haul
Minimize public concerns related to aesthetics
Integration Benefits in Indoor/Enterprise Minimize installation costs (wiring, etc)
Reduced costs
Other benefits Dynamic load balancing between Wi-Fi and Cellular
Leveraging mobile attachment to one radio to enhance connectivity in another radio
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SP Wi-Fi Model • SP owns/operates Wi-Fi • Hotspots, venues (malls,
stadiums, etc)
Enterprise Wi-Fi Model • Enterprise
owns/operates Wi-Fi • SP provides cellular
coverage in enterprise • Open Access ensures
coverage for enterprise and guest users
Wi-Fi AP
3G FAP
WLC F/W
Internet
SP Core
HNB-GW
Enterprise Premise
Integrated Small Cell
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• Gemini: 3G Module for AP 3600 UMTS Band 1 (first release) 16 users 100 mWatt
• Telstar: 3G/LTE/Wi-Fi • 3G/HSPA • 2x2 LTE (250 mWatts) • Dual band 802.11n AP (AP
2400)
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RF Co-existence
Backhaul
Core Network Integration
Enterprise Services
Network Management
Advanced use cases like Network Selection Policy
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Wi-Fi Cellular
Transmitter Receiver
1. Wi-Fi Noise: Out of Band Emissions from Wi-Fi Transmitter in Cellular Band. Wi-Fi transmitter generates too much noise in the Cellular Band
Wi-Fi Cellular
Transmitter Receiver
2. Wi-Fi Blocking: Wi-Fi In-Band can cause Cellular Receiver to “block” if Wi-Fi signal is too strong.
Cellular Wi-Fi
Transmitter Receiver
3. Cellular Noise: Out of Band Emissions from Cellular Transmitter in Wi-Fi Band. Cellular transmitter generates too much noise in the Wi-Fi Band
Cellular Wi-FI
Transmitter Receiver
4. Cellular Blocking: Cellular In-Band can cause Wi-Fi Receiver to “block” if Cellular signal is too strong.
Ongoing study to measure all four cases. Most likely this will limit the maximum transmit power of Cellular.
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• 3G radio and Wi-Fi Radio have separate IP addresses.
• AP 3600 will “bridge” 3G traffic.
• Cellular and 3G radios will mark packets individually
• VLAN tags • 802.1p markings • DSCP markings
• Cellular and 3G radios may rate limit individual streams. e.g.,
• AP rate limits on per SSID basis
AP 3600 Host Processor
Ethernet
Mac #1
Ethernet
Mac #2
PCIe #1
PCIe #2
RJ45
PHY
CPU (IOS)
Radio #1 Radio #2
PHY
PHY
Femto Module
Ethernet
Mac
MAC #3
RGMII RGMII
I2C
2.4 GHz 5 GHz
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• SP Wi-Fi Model is shown
• Converged Wi-Fi & Cellular N/W
• Wi-Fi authentication using SIM credentials (EAP-SIM/AKA/AKA’)
• Wi-Fi traffic brought to GGSN via EWAG/IWAG
• Separate security model for Wi-Fi and Cellular Traffic
DTLS (Wi-Fi ) and IPSec (Cellular)
• Similar network integration for 4G
• PMIPv6 connectivity from WLC is another alternative for Core network integration
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Ent CPE w/ Femto Controller
MSC/VLR
S/GGSN
Corporate Site
Iu-cs
Femto Provisioning (inc. enteprise femto group config)
HNBGW (inc. SeGW)
HNB
Iu-ps
AAA
HCS
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Ent CPE w/ femto controller
• Enterprise users call routed via IP PBX (SIP call control)
• Guest users call routed via SP Core
MSC/VLR
S/GGSN
Corporate Site
Iu-cs
HNBGW (inc. SeGW)
EFAP
Iu-ps
HCS
Guest user Enterprise user
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Ent CPE w/ femto controller
• Enterprise users data traffic locally terminated at the controller (L-GW
integrated)
• Guest users call routed via SP Core
MSC/VLR
S/GGSN
Corporate Site
Iu-cs
HNBGW (inc. SeGW)
EFAP
Iu-ps
Guest user Enterprise user
Thank you.