SMART CITIES for indiaDR K M SONI, CHIEF ENGINEER, CPWD, MUMBAI

SMART PEOPLE

Are said to be well dressed, fashionable, stylish, elegant, neat and spruced up.

Smart persons are not necessary to be

intelligentbut are clever enough

Smart cities may not necessary be ideal but are smart enough to call themselves superior to others.

DEFINITION OF SMART CITY No standard definition City that has sustainable development and high

quality of life by way of economy, mobility, environment, housing, utilities and governance using information and communication technology.

A smart city is one that makes urban life comfortable and improves living standards through good governance, efficient health care services and education, 24 x 7 power and water supply, efficient transport, high quality sanitation, employment to the needy and robust cyber connectivity and benefits all irrespective of income, age and gender.

DigitalEconomy

DigitalCountry

e-industry

HumanResource

e-government

Infrastructure

e-society

Best Practice GlobalLink

Smart cities concept(Digital city from slideshare.net)

SMART ECONOMYSmart economy refers to;

i. Productivity, ii. Entrepreneurship, iii. Trade,iv. Economic conditions, v. Employment opportunities,vi. International embedment,vii. Innovative spirit and viii. Ability to transform.

Thus smart economy may require lowering of taxes, long term tax concessions and subsidized land for development.

SMART MOBILITY

Smart mobility includes;i. Convenient and safe

multimodal travel, ii. Speed, iii. Accessibility, iv. Traffic management, v. Circulation network and vi. Efficient use of land.

Smart mobility of people and freight is again interlinked to economic growth, environment sustainability and enhancing quality of life for people.

SMART ENVIRONMENT

Smart environment includes;i. Physical environment, ii. Human environment, iii. Working environment,iv. Atmospheric environment,v. Governing environment andvi. Computing environment

Smart environment will be governed using information and communication technologies and have green collar jobs, and no polluting industries.

SMART buildings/HOUSING

Smart housing includes;i. Savings of natural resources in

terms of energy, water and material efficiency,

ii. Functional efficiency in terms of proper orientation, and IAQ.

iii.Comfort and cultural bindings.

Smart buildings/ Smart Houses will be sustainable buildings, IT governed and costly (with respect to capital and maintenance) compared to normal buildings.

SMART UTILITIES

Services including water supply, sewerage and drainage, electricity, education, health, safety, security, insurance, telephone, Wi-Fi, business and funeral facilities.

Smart meters and smart services will be IT driven. The government has been making efforts to create efficient utility services in the existing cities through JNNURM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission) during last many years but the mission has not been very successful.

SMART GOVERNANCESmart governance is about the decision making and management of the public services with;

• Efficiency, • Community leadership, • Continuous improvement,

innovation, and efficient technological services.

As per Hon’ble minister of urban development smart governance includes Smart Leadership that is bold, initiative bearing, willing and able to take hard decisions like raising, if required and recovering cost of services, implement reforms in governance, prevent unauthorized constructions besides removing encroachments and take on mafia.

SMART PEOPLEAs defined during the conference on “National conclave of states/UTs on smart cities”, smart people are those; able to question, pay the cost of services, prevent fellow citizens from violating rules and demand their due and are alert.

Thus people living in smart cities are well educated, aware of their rights, and very importantly able to pay the cost of services.

Cost of services/ Maintenance Charges

As per the report published in Mumbai Mirror on April 12, 2013, “Some of Mumbai’s ultra plush residential societies charge monthly maintenance fees that go up to Rs 1 lakh per flat, ......”

It was further reported in 2013 that flat maintenance charges are Rs 17000 in Goregaon west and varying from Rs 29900 to 100000 per month in Mahalaxmi (Rs 9 to 13 per sqft).

i. Any study of maintenance charges in case of smart cities?

ii. Please guess it as you all are smart and be smart to pay it.

AND THEN FOR SMART PEOPLE, THERE IS MORE ;

The Smart Cities Mission requires smart people who actively participate in governance and reforms much more than ceremonial.

Smart people involve themselves in the definition of the Smart City, decisions on deploying Smart Solutions, implementing reforms, doing more with less and oversee the implementation and designing post-project structures in order to make the Smart City developments sustainable.

Smart City

Smart Housing

Smart Econom

y

Smart Mobility

Smart Environment

Smart people

Smart Utilities

Smart Governa

nce

PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

ECONOMIC INFRASTRU

CRURE

INSTITUTIONAL

INFRASTRUCTURE

factors on which smart cities depend

Series1

DEVELOPING - City

Mobile - City

Smart - City

electronic - City

Create Digital Opportunities

Shorten Digital Divide

Individuals to access information services via mobile

devices anywhere

to be provided

mobilized

cell phones,

PDA, laptop

computers

Wi-Fi 、 3G 、

WiMAX 。。。

mobilized services mobilized life mobilized learning WLAN/3G integration shorten digital divide

Smart Cities Development

(taken from internet)

Series1

DEVELOPING - City

Mobile - City

Smart - City

electronic - City

Create Digital Opportunities

24/7 services

via a smart cloud

computing terminal Improvem

ent done by

machine learning and data mining

anywhere

smart home

appliances, smart mobile devices

Network converge

nce , Cognitive Network

IoT (Internet of Things)

Cognitive Network

Interconnected innovative

services network

security

Smart Cities Development

(taken from internet)

Do we accept this definition or we need to define smart cities as our own?

(taken from internet)

Smart cities are to be defined in indian context particularly when we are inviting foreign investors as their requirements and definition may not be as per our requirements and even implementable in india.

WHAT OUR GOVERNMENT THINKS?

A smart city would have a different connotation in India than, say, Europe. Even in India, there is no one way of defining a smart city.

In the Smart Cities Mission, the objective is to promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to its citizens, a clean and sustainable environment and application of ‘Smart’ Solutions.

CORE INFRASTRUCTURE IN A SMART CITY Adequate water supply, and Assured

electricity supply, Sanitation, including solid waste

management, Efficient urban mobility and public

transport, Affordable housing, especially for the poor, Robust IT connectivity and digitalization, Good governance, especially e-Governance

and citizen participation, Sustainable environment, Safety and security of citizens, particularly

women, children and the elderly, and Health and education.

FEATURES OF SMART CITIES Promoting mixed land use in area based

developments Housing and inclusiveness - expand housing

opportunities for all; Creating walkable localities –reduce congestion,

air pollution and resource depletion, Boost local economy, promote interactions and

ensure security. Preserving and developing open spaces - parks,

playgrounds, and recreational spaces Promoting a variety of transport options - Transit

Oriented Development (TOD), public transport

Making governance citizen-friendly and cost effective - increasingly rely on online services to bring about accountability and transparency, especially using mobiles to reduce cost of services and providing services without having to go to municipal offices.

Forming e-groups to listen to people and obtain feedback and use online monitoring of programs and activities with the aid of cyber tour of worksites;

Giving an identity to the city - based on its main economic activity, such as local cuisine, health, education, arts and craft, culture, sports goods, furniture, hosiery, textile, dairy, etc;

Applying Smart Solutions to infrastructure and services in area-based development in order to make them better. For example, making Areas less vulnerable to disasters, using fewer resources, and providing cheaper services.

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STRATEGY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIESRETROFITTINGRE-DEVELOPMENTGREENFIELD DEVELOPMENTMIX DEVELOPMENTPAN CITY FEATURES WITH SMART SOLUTIONS

RETROFITTING Retrofitting will introduce planning in an

existing built-up area to become smart. In retrofitting, an area consisting of more than 500 acres will be identified by the city in consultation with citizens. Depending on the existing level of infrastructure services in the identified area and the vision of the residents, the cities will prepare a strategy to become smart.

Since existing structures are largely to remain intact in this model, it is expected that more intensive infrastructure service levels and a large number of smart applications will be packed into the retrofitted smart city.

REDEVELOPMENT Redevelopment will be a replacement of the

existing built-up environment and enable co-creation of a new layout with enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and increased density. Redevelopment envisages an area of more than 50 acres, identified by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in consultation with citizens. For instance, a new layout plan of the identified area will be prepared with mixed landuse, higher FSI and high ground coverage. Two examples of the redevelopment model are the Saifee Burhani Upliftment Project in Mumbai (also called the Bhendi Bazaar Project) and the redevelopment of East Kidwai Nagar in New Delhi.

GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT Greenfield development will be introduced in a

previously vacant area (more than 250 acres) using innovative planning, plan financing and plan implementation tools (e.g. land pooling/ land reconstitution) with provision for affordable housing, especially for the poor. Greenfield developments are required around cities in order to address the needs of the expanding population. One well known example is the GIFT City in Gujarat.

Unlike retrofitting and redevelopment, greenfield developments could be located either within the limits of the ULB or within the limits of the local Urban Development Authority (UDA).

PAN CITY DEVELOPMENT Pan-city development envisages application of

selected Smart Solutions to the existing city-wide infrastructure. Application of Smart Solutions will involve the use of technology, information and data to make infrastructure and services better. For example, applying Smart Solutions in the transport sector (intelligent traffic management system) and reducing average commute time or cost of citizens will have positive effects on productivity and quality of life of citizens. Another example can be waste water recycling and smart metering which can make a huge contribution to better water management in the city

SMART CITIES The government has announced a list of 98 cities to be

developed as smart cities. These include Port blair, Vishakhapatnam, Tirupati, Kakinada, Pasighat, Guwahati, Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur, Biharsharif, Chandigarh, Raipur, Bilaspur, Diu, Silvasa, NDMC, Panaji, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, Dahod, Karnal, Faridabad, Dharashala, Ranchi, Mangaluru, Belgavi, Shivamoga, Hubli – Dharawad, Tumakuru, Davangere, Kochi, Kavaratti, Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Gwalior, Sagar, Satna, Ujjain, Navi Mumbai, Nashik, Thane, Greater Mumbai, Amravati, Solapur, Nagpur, Kalyan-Dombivili, Aurangabad, Pune, Imphal, Shillong, Aizawal, Kohima, Bhubaneshwar, Rourkela, Oulgaret, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Amritsar, Jaipur, Udaipur, Kota, Ajmer, Namchi, Tiruchurapalli, Tirunelveli, Dindigul, Thanjavur, Tiruppur, Salem, Vellore, Coimbatore, Madurai, Erode, Thoothukudi, Chennai, Greater Hyderabad, Greater Warangal, Agartala, Moradabad, Aligarh, Shaharanpur, Bareilly, Jhansi, Kanpur, Allahabad, Lucknow, Varanasi, Ghaziabad, Agra, Rampur, Dehradun, New Town Kolkata, Bidhannagar, Duragapur, Haldia

SMART CITIES IN INDIA24 Capital Cities24 are business and Industrial centres

18 are culture and tourism influenced areas,

5 are port cities and 3 are education and health care hubs.

Gujarat International Finance Tec City (GIFT)

• GIFT is being developed as a global finance and IT hub has an area of 358.55 ha out of which 53.19 ha being processing area, and 52.25 ha as non processing area. Processing area includes international financial service centre, international techno park, international market zone, commodity exchanges area, global trading exchanges area, and area for insurance, offshore banking, IT, KPO/BPO services, and data centre. Non processing zone includes related commercial offices and other office buildings, service apartments and residential flats, hostels and restaurants, food courts, business hotel, shopping centre, retail stores, banks, training centre, medical centre, theatre, post office, telephone exchange, police station, security, and regulators offices etc.

• Mass housing for common public is not planned.

GUJARAT INTERNATIONAL FINANCE TEC CITY (GIFT) Fiscal incentives for developers and co-developers

includes no excise duty, no sales tax, no service tax, no purchase tax, no stamp duty and registration fee, no registration on mortgage, no electricity duty and no income tax for ten years. Units also have similar exemptions except in income tax in which they have 100% exemption for first five years, 50% for the next five years and 50% of profits ploughed back for the next 5 years.

The development is being taken up by the joint venture of Gujarat Urban Development Company and Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Limited (IL&FS).

The estimated cost of the project is Rs 70000 crore. It will have a built up area of 79,00,000 sqm. Thus present cost of construction is about Rs 88607 per sqm including development.

DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES IN INDIA

Government of India announced in the budget of 2014-15 to develop one hundred smart cities to be selected from all over India through Public Private Partnership (PPP) model and even earmarked 100 crore per city per year for 5 years.

48000 crore will be given to these cities by Central Govt and balance 48000 crore are to be generated by state governments for 100 cities.

The GOI funds and the matching contribution by the States/ULB will meet only a part of the project cost. Balance funds are expected to be mobilized from:

i. States/ ULBs own resources from collection of user fees, beneficiary charges and impact fees, land monetization, debt, loans, etc.

ii. Additional resources transferred due to acceptance of the recommendations of the Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC).

iii. Innovative finance mechanisms such as municipal bonds with credit rating of ULBs, Pooled Finance Mechanism, Tax Increment Financing (TIF).

iv. Other Central Government schemes like Swachh Bharat Mission, AMRUT, National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY).

v. Leverage borrowings from financial institutions, including bilateral and multilateral institutions, both domestic and external sources.

vi. States/UTs may also access the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF), announced in 2015 Budget and is likely to be set up this year.

vii. Private sector through PPPs.

PURPOSE OF SMART CITIESResidential Commercial Business DevelopmentGlobal EmbedmentTourism Employment

GenerationAll Above

RESIDENTIAL (2012)

Demand of @ 16 Mn houses for weaker sections

Demand of 18.78 Mn

10% other categories

Vacant Inventory: 11 Mn i.e. Against requirement of 1.88Mn

90% demand for weaker sections

Pressure will make cost of living

in Smart Cities very high

Institutional Infrastructure Utility Services

Economic Infrastructure

Physical Infrastructure

Social Infrastruct

ure

challenge to plan housing for weaker sections from capital cost and maintenance cost considerations.

Thus plan “smart city “ in a way that it remains “smart” in future.

COMMERCIAL

Domestic Existing

Establishments

International Establishme

nts

Domestic New

Establishments

Local Establishm

ents

SMART CITIES

Identify the consumers

Pressure of 100 Smartcities

Pressure of local groups, NGOs, Local economy and Politicians

business development

Domestic Existing

Industries

foreign Industries

Domestic New

Industries i/c service industries

Local Industries

SMART CITY OR

INDUSTRIAL CITY

Identify the consumers

Already Existing

Pressure of Social groups/media/politicians etc

tourism

Existing set up

Hospitality infrastructur

e

Business and

commercial

infrastructure

Type of tourism

SMART CITIES

Employment generation

Sustainable Employment

Blue Collared

Employment

White collared

Employment

Initial Employmen

t

SMART CITIES

Type of Establishme

nts

ISSUES RELATED TO SMART CITIES Decision on common housing schemes Decide for economy (Industrial

Development, Tourism) Decide for maintenance, operation and

service charges Decide for Requirements of various smart

cities (Physical, Social, Economic and Institutional Infrastructure).

Categorise them within 3 or 4 classifications like Group A, B , C..

Whether Government can leave it on market to develop smart cities and form only the guidelines.

CONCLUSIONS Smart cities to be developed according to the

requirement of that particular area considering the sources of economy of that particular area. Integrate “Smart cities” and “Make in India”.

Classify smart cities according to infrastructure requirement of that region/area.

Existing physical, social, institutional, and economic infrastructure of that particular area to be integrated in Smart city.

Development to be based on minimum migration. Let the rural areas become part of inclusive development.

Objective of development is for up-liftment of common man.