Chapter 9

The Confederation and the Constitution

1776-1790

American Pageant

Name: _______________________________________ Class Period: ____ Due Date: ___/____/____

Reading Assignment:

Chapter 9, American Pageant Chapter 9

The Confederation and the

Constitution

1776-1790

Primary Source: soaps-document-analysis.doc

Soap both Federalist 10 and 54

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=10&page=transcript

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APUSH Review: Key

Concept 3.1 (Period 3)

APUSH Review: Key

Concept 3.2 (Period 3)

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PERIOD 3: 1754–1800

Key Concept 3.2: The American Revolution’s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government.

I. The ideals that inspired

the revolutionary cause

reflected new beliefs about

politics, religion, and

society that had been

developing over the course

of the 18th century.

A) Enlightenment ideas and

philosophy inspired many

American political thinkers

to emphasize

individual talent over

hereditary privilege, while

religion strengthened

Americans’ view of

themselves as a people

blessed with liberty.

B) The colonists’ belief in

the superiority of republican

forms of government based

on the natural

rights of the people found

expression in Thomas

Paine’s Common Sense and

the Declaration of

Independence. The ideas in

these documents resonated

throughout American

history, shaping

Americans’ understanding of

the ideals on which the

nation was based.

C) During and after the

American Revolution, an

increased awareness of

inequalities in society motivated

some individuals and groups to

call for the abolition of slavery

and greater political democracy

in the new state and national

governments.

D) In response to women’s

participation in the American

Revolution, Enlightenment ideas,

and women’s appeals for expanded

roles, an ideal of “republican

motherhood” gained popularity. It

called on women to teach republican

values within the family and granted

women a new

importance in American political

culture.

E) The American Revolution and the

ideals set forth in the Declaration of

Independence reverberated in

France, Haiti, and Latin America,

inspiring future independence

movements.

II. After declaring

independence, American

political leaders created

new constitutions and

declarations

of rights that articulated

the role of the state and

federal governments while

protecting individual

liberties and limiting both

centralized power and

excessive popular

influence.

A) Many new state

constitutions placed power in

the hands of the legislative

branch and maintained

property qualifications for

voting and citizenship.

B) The Articles of

Confederation unified the

newly independent states,

creating a central

government with limited

power. After the Revolution,

difficulties over international

trade,

finances, interstate

commerce, foreign relations,

C) Delegates from the states

participated in a Constitutional

Convention and through

negotiation,

collaboration, and compromise

proposed a constitution that

created a limited but dynamic

central

government embodying

federalism and providing for a

separation of powers between its

three branches.

D) The Constitutional Convention

compromised over the representation

of slave states in Congress and the

role of the federal government in

regulating both slavery and the slave

trade, allowing the prohibition of the

international slave trade after 1808.

E) In the debate over ratifying the

Constitution, Anti Federalists

opposing ratification battled with

Federalists, whose principles were

articulated in the Federalist Papers

(primarily written by Alexander

Hamilton and James Madison).

Federalists ensured the ratification

of the Constitution

by promising the addition of a Bill

of Rights that enumerated individual

rights and explicitly

restricted the powers of the federal

government.

and internal unrest led to

calls for a stronger

central government.

Checklist of Learning Objectives

After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Explain the broad movement toward social and political equality that flourished after the Revolution and indicate why certain social and racial inequalities remained in

place.

2. Describe the government of the Articles of Confederation and summarize its achievements and failures.

3. Explain the crucial role of Shays’s Rebellion in sparking the movement for a new Constitution.

4. Describe the basic ideas and goals of the Founding Fathers in the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention and how they incorporated their fundamental principles into the

Constitution.

5. Understand the central concerns that motivated the antifederalists, and indicate their social, economic, and political differences with the federalists.

6. Describe the issues at stake in the political fight over ratification of the Constitution between federalists and antifederalists, and explain why the federalists won.

7. Explain how the new government, set up by the Constitution, represented a conservative reaction to the American Revolution, yet at the same time, institutionalized the

Revolution’s central radical principles of popular government and individual liberty.

SHORT ANWSER

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. Abigail Adams

2. Daniel Shays

3. Alexander Hamilton

4. James Madison

5. Thomas Jefferson

Define and state the historical significance of the following:

6. primogeniture

7. checks and balances

8. sovereignty

9. "mobocracy"

10. consent of the governed

11. republicanism

12. states' rights

13. popular sovereignty

14. confederation

15. anarchy

16. republican motherhood

17. loose confederation

18. civic virtue

19. nonimportation agreements

20. ratification

21. constitutional convention

Describe and state the historical significance of the following:

22. Society of the Cincinnati

23. "Great Compromise"

24. Articles of Confederation

25. Electoral College

26. Land Ordinance of 1785

27. "three-fifths compromise"

28. Northwest Ordinance of 1787

29. antifederalists

30. Shays's Rebellion

31. Federalists

32. "large-state plan"

33. Constitution of the United States

34. The Federalist

35. "bundle of compromises"

36. Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom

37. Continental Congress

Notes: Fill in Outline

Chapter 09 - The Confederation and the Constitution

I. The Pursuit of Equality

II. Constitution Making in the States

III. Economic Crosscurrents

IV. A Shaky Start Toward Union

V. Creating a Confederation

VI. The Articles of the Confederation: America’s First Constitution

VII. Landmarks in Land Laws

VIII. The World’s Ugly Duckling

IX. The Horrid Specter of Anarchy

X. A Convention of “Demigods”

XI. Patriots in Philadelphia

XII. Hammering Out a Bundle of Compromises

XIII. Safeguards for Conservatism

XIV. The Clash of Federalists and Anti-federalists

XV. The Great Debate in the States

XVI. The Four Laggard States

XVII. A Conservative Triumph

Applying What You Have Learned

8. What changes in American society did the revolutionary American ideas of natural human rights, equality, and freedom from governmental tyranny bring about in the

years immediately following the successful American Revolution?

9. Why did neither the Revolution nor the Constitution bring an end to the greatest contradiction of American Revolutionary principles—human slavery? Does the post-

Revolutionary abolition of slavery in the North but not the South show the strength of the Revolution’s proclamation of human rights, or demonstrate its weakness?

10. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Were the social problems of the 1780s really due to the national government’s failings, or were

they simply the natural aftermath of the Revolutionary War and separation from Britain?

11. What really motivated the leaders who called the Constitutional Convention and worked out the essential compromises in the Constitution?

12. Who were the federalists and the antifederalists, what were the issues that divided them, and why did the federalists win?

13. Should the Constitution be seen as a conservative reaction to the Revolution, an enshrinement of revolutionary principles, or both? What was most truly original about the

Constitution?

14. In Chapters 4 and 5, the basic structure of early American society and economy was described. How was that structure changed by the political developments during the

period after the Revolution? How did the Constitution itself reflect American attitudes toward liberty, equality, power, and property (including slave property)?

15. The greatest concession that federalist supporters of the Constitution made to antifederalist opponents was to promise to add a bill of rights as soon as the Constitution was

ratified. Should the antifederalists therefore be honored as founding fathers of American liberty? How would the Constitution have been viewed if the first ten

amendments (the Bill of Rights) had not been added?

16. Americans have traditionally revered the Constitution, and viewed its writers as demigods. Does the historical account of the actual initiation, writing, and ratification of

the Constitution confirm or detract from that view. Why or why not?

Primary Source: soaps-document-analysis.doc

Soap both Federalist 10 and 54

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=10&page=transcript

HIPP

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Notes