Social Contract

• What are the origins of Government?

• How much authority should the state have over the individual?

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

• Setting…Setting…1717thth and 18 and 18thth Century Century

• What?What?…Cultural Movement of intellectuals …Cultural Movement of intellectuals in France & England where people exchange in France & England where people exchange

new radical ideas about civilization new radical ideas about civilization

Main Currents of Main Currents of Thought…Thought…

Everything based on reason rather than emotion

Natural lawsSocial progress in inevitableLiberty

Tolerance

Application of Ideas…Application of Ideas…

Thomas Thomas HobbesHobbes

(1588-1679)(1588-1679)

““Leviathan” (1651)Leviathan” (1651)

John John LockeLocke

(1632-1704)(1632-1704)

““Two Treatises of Two Treatises of Government” Government” (1689)(1689)

New Views of New Views of GovernmentGovernment

The PhilosophesThe Philosophes• Definition…Definition…• Montesquieu…Montesquieu…

– One of the greatest…One of the greatest…

– The Spirit of the Laws (1734)…The Spirit of the Laws (1734)…

– Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers

RousseauRousseau– General will of the community is General will of the community is

the source of powerthe source of power

– Rulers are servants of the Rulers are servants of the community community

– Arts & Sciences (1750)..Arts & Sciences (1750)..

– Social Contract (1762)..Social Contract (1762)..

As a review of the Enlightenment, we As a review of the Enlightenment, we will view 4 clips consecutively. While will view 4 clips consecutively. While viewing the clips, answer the questions viewing the clips, answer the questions on the corresponding worksheet.on the corresponding worksheet.

When the clips have concluded, you When the clips have concluded, you will have a few minutes to complete the will have a few minutes to complete the questionnaire.questionnaire.

We will review the answers before the We will review the answers before the end of the class.end of the class.