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Socio-economic Survey of Dhaulvali

VillageRatnagiri, Maharashtra, India

Vishal SinghCentre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas

(CTARA)

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

August 2013

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Outline

Introduction and overview

Location and setting

Methodologies of study

PRA tools and techniques

Agriculture

Water

Energy

Governance

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Introduction

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Rajapur Taluka

Rajapur

RatnagiriTaluka

ShahuwadiTaluka

KankawaliTaluka

ArabianSea

Latitude: 17o51 N to 19o80

N

Longitude: 72o15 E to

73o40 E

Area: 9599.96 Ha

Soil: Gravel, clayey red (rich in P, K, low in N)

Rainfall: 3500 mm avg.

Max. Rain: 5195 mm (2009)

Temp: 22oC to 40oC

Terrain slopes: 33% to 3%

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Rainfall

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Avg. Rain

Highest in 1 day

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Temperature

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Temperature High

Temperature Low

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Welcome to Dhaulvali

Location and setting

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Dhaulvali, Maharashtra

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About the Village

History

Geological Location

Terrain Climate

Habitation

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Habitations

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Methodology

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Objectives of the Village

Report/Study Understand and experience rural life

Village dynamics and linkages

Understanding of everyday rural resources and the underlying science

Socio-economic structure of the village

Technology interventions within the socio economic classes of the village

Governmental and non-governmental organizations working in the studied areas

To blend the classroom learning of system dynamics, technology interventions andsocial science research methods with field experience

To practice PRA (Participatory Rural Activity) activities to get a detailed picture ofthe village, villagers and their daily activities

Advantages and shortcomings of village life from a villagers perspective

Economic analysis (directed research)

Preparation

Study Site

Hosts

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Methodologies of Study

Qualitative Research Methods

Participatory Rural Appraisal

Focused Group Discussions

Semi Formal Interviews

Quantitative Research Methods

Primary data collection - Questionnaire Survey

Secondary data collection

Analysis

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Secondary Data Sources

Gram Panchayat

Talathi Office

Panlot Samiti

Taluka Agriculture Office

Zila Parishad

Census of India, 2001

Sarpanch, Up Sarpanch

Gram Sewak, Krishi Adhikari, Talathi

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PRA Tools and Techniques

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PRA Tools Used

Transect Walk

Resource Map

Social Map

Seasonality

Timeline

Focused Group Discussions

Problem Identification & Ranking

Venn Diagrams

Sampling based on caste and population

Household personal interviews

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Transect Walk

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Dhaulvali: Habitations

The village Dhaulvali consists of a sum of twelve wadis which are listed asfollows:

Madhli Aayarwadi

Bouddhawadi

Lingayat Vathar

Parwadi

Tarbandar

Gayal kokri

Bhatlewadi

Dalwiwadi

Guravwadi Teliwadi

Dhamapurkar wadi

Marvelwadi

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Transect Walk: Inferences

Location of rice fields

Location of big farms

Vegetation Livestock

Animals

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PRA Meeting at Parwadi

Social Split

Monkey Problem

Job Unavailability

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PRA meet at Dalwiwadi

Political Issues

Social concerns

Livelihood

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PRA Meet at Bouddhawadi

Old livelihood options

A typical Family Today

Social Status

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Resource map: Parwadi

Cultivable Land

Fallow Land

Education

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Resource Map: Dalwiwadi

Higher Education

Jobs

Health facilities

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Social Map: Parwadi

Two general families, migrated

Social Split

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Social Map: Dalwiwadi

Homogeneity and unity

Average farm size

PWS Scheme

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Bouddhawadi: Base Map

Social Development

Employments and migration

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Seasonality Chart

i iii iiii iiii iii iii ii i ii ii i i iii iiii iiii iiii iii ii iiii iiii iiii iii iii ii ii iii iii iii iiii iiii

iiii ii ii ii i i i iiii iii ii i i i i i iii iii i i ii ii iii iiii iiii iii iii iii iii iiii iiii ii i ii iii iiii iii ii

- iii iii iii iii iii i i ii iii i i i ii ii iii iiii iiii iii ii i i

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Seasonality Patterns

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Agriculture

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Marriages/labor Festivities

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Migration Migration

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Timeline1600's Habitation established

1940's First mud road

1956 Land sealing: Recieved land

1970 Acquisition of lands

1978 Electricity in Ambelkarwadi1980 First television

1995 Two wheelers

1998 Car

2000 Landline connectivity

2005 Mobile phones2012 Solar lamp posts installed

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Focused Group Discussions

S.No Problem Female Male1 Drinking water Quality 3 9

2 Electricity 6 2

3 Liquor consumption 9 10

4 Unemployment & poverty 8 35 Sanitation 7 8

6 General medical facilities 4 4

7 Veterinary facilities 10 7

8 Irrigation 5 6

9 Commodity unavailability 1 5

10 Higher education in village 2 1

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Venn Diagram

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Venn Diagram, Inferences

Dhaulvali

GP,Talathioffice

Schools

PDSShop

Hospital,Rajapur

PHC,Dhartale

College,Jaitapur Bank, Nate

Civil

Hospital,

Ratnagiri

Post Office,

Nate

Library

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Sampling

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SamplingStudy Area

Population

Category

Holding Size

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Division By Population

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Ambelkarwadi

Bhablewadi

Poklewadi

Dasurewadi

Dhaulvali

Total population - Females

Total population - Males

Total population - Persons

Number of households

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Division by Category

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

OBC

SC

General

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Division by Holding Size

20%

50%

22%

8%

Landless

Land holding 1 & < 5 acres

Land holding >5acres

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Population division by age

0.04

0.14

0.14

0.54

0.14

0 to 6

6 to 16

16 to 30

30 to 60

60 and above

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Decadal Growth (?) Dhaulvali

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi

1981

1991

2001

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Agriculture and Livelihood

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Farming Dependence

25%

42%

18%

15%

Left farming

Reduced farm land

Share farming

Farming whole land

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Annual food production of the village

2012 (Source: GP)

53%

35%

5%

7%

Mango

Rice

Nachni

Cashew

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Cropping Variety

Major crops Minor CropsCash CropsSubsistence

Mango Betelnuts Mango Rice

Rice Jackfruit Cashew Nachni

Cashew Coconot

Nachni

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Landholding Pattern

20%

50%

22%

8%

Landless

Land holding 1 & < 5 acres

Land holding >5acres

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Area under Cultivation

0 50 100 150 200 250

Paddy

Nachni

Rabi Veg

Groundnut

Summer veg

Mango

Cashew

Production(MT)

Area (Acres)

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Income Pattern

-20000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

No. Of HH Agri Non-Agri Other Sources Total Avg. Expenses Surplus

Landless

2.0 Ha

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Agriculture Details

Average farm size: 17.2 Guntha

Average rice farm size: 5.4 Guntha

Average Expenditure: Rs. 3500 per Guntha

Urea usage: 10 kg per Guntha

Average man days required: 14.4 per Guntha

Average Produce: 9.7(6) Quintals per Guntha

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PDS Requirements

Antyodaya BPL APL

Rice 25,000 kg 54,000 kg 40,000 kg

Wheat 4,000 kg 6,000 kg 10,000 kg

Palm oil 1 kg per card 1 kg per card 1 kg per card

Pulses 1 kg per card 1 kg per card 1 kg per card

Kerosene Oil 2100 liter total

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Lava flow farmlands

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Water

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Drinking Water

Name of Habitation Population Drinking Water Source Drinking Water Facility

Madhali Ayarwadi 154 1 Bore well PWS

Bhaudhhawadi 125 1 Bore well PWS

Dhamapurkarwadi 25 1 Dug well

Parwadi 204 2 Bore wells, 1 Dug well 2 HP

Gayalkokari, Tarbandar 105 Surface water Multi Village Scheme (MVS)

Bhatalewadi 1021 Bore well, Natural

stream1 HP, PWS

Dalawiwadi 117 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well PWS

Guravwadi 83 1 Dug well PWS

Teliwadi 154 1 Bore well, 1 Dug well PWS

Marwelwadi 279 2 Dug wells 2 PWS

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Drinking Water Facility

63%

2%

28%

7%

PWSDugwell

HP

MVS

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Average Time Required to Fetch

Water

5

2.1

3.0

2.01.1

0.9

1.7

1

4

1

0.5

Time in Hrs

Dhamapur

Parwadi

Baoudhhawadi

Teliwadi

Guravwadi

Ayarwadi

Dalwiwadi

GayalKokari

Tarbandar

Bhatalewadi

Marvelwadi

56

A erage Distance Tra elled to Fetch

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Average Distance Travelled to Fetch

Water

5079.3 35

36.721.3

17.5

51.7

60.0

600.0

30.051.0

Distance in Ft

Dhamapur

Parwadi

Baoudhhawadi

Teliwadi

Guravwadi

Ayarwadi

Dalwiwadi

GayalKokari

Tarbandar

Bhatalewadi

Marvelwadi

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Water Supply Scheme, Bhatlewadi

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Energy

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Cooking Pattern

Average Time spent: 118.2 min

Average water fetched: 20 liter

Average family size: 4.83

Average fuel wood used:

2.07 kg per person per day

10 kg/day

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Use of various sources for cooking

76%

19%

3%

2%

Firewood

LPG

Kerosene

Gobar gas

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Electrification of Dhaulvali Village

99%

1%

Electrified HH

Non-electrified HH

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Fluctuations in Electricity Bills

56%

44%

Fluctuatiing Bills

Non-fluctuating Bills

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Appliance Usage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Incandescant

Bulb

CFL Fan Television Mobile Electric Pump Biogas Plant Solar Plates

No. of items

No. of items

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Firewood

Storage for the rains

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Governance

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Gram PanchayatMember's Name Ward No. Post

Ms. Akshala A. Velye 4 Sarpanch

Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje 2 Up Sarpanch

Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar 3 Member

Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule 4 Member

Mr. Ananta N. Petawe 3 MemberMs. Vinita V. Ambelkar 1 Member

Ku. Sangita L. Saundalkar 2 Member

Ms. Namrata N. Ambelkar 1 Member

Mr. Prakash P. Aagar 4 Member

Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable 3 Member

Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan 2 Member

Mr. S. R. Kale Gram Sewak

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Sub Committees of GPSub Committees Chairman Member 1 Member 2

Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable

Ms. Akshala A. Velye Ms. Namrata N.Ambelkar

Mr. Ananta N. Petawe

Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje Ms. Vinita V. Ambelkar Mr. Prakash P. Aagar

Ms. Rasika R. Shivgan Ku. Sangita L.

Saundalkar

Ms. Akshala A. Velye

Ms. Akshala A. Velye Mr. Ananta N. Petawe Ms. Namrata N.

Ambelkar Mr. Dilip D. Chowgule Ku. Sangita L.

Saundalkar

Ms. Jayanti C. Bhable

Ms. Akshala A. Velye Mr. Sachin P. Pawaskar Mr. Sanjay D. Kiranje

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Other EmployeesOffice post Office holder

Mr. Rupesh C. Jadhav

. Mr. Sudhakar V. Gurav

Mr. Sudhakar L. Jadhav

Mr. Vishal R. Rane

Mr. Dipesh A. Mandavkar

Mr. Mahesh Sawant

M. Gajanan R. Lingayat

[1] *Mr. Lingayat was relieved from duty on 14th May; Office held by Mr. Suryakant Shinkar (temporary)

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Other Random facts

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Castes

(Brahmin) (Hindu Tilori Kunbi)

(Hindu Gurav) (Hindu Teli)

(Hindu Bhandari) (Hindu Chambar)

(Hindu Nabhi) (Nav Buddha)

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Area of villages in Dhaulvali GP

536

297

118

95

1195Ambelkarwadi

Bhablewadi

Poklewadi

Dasurewadi

Dhaulvali

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Population of villages, Dhaulvali GP

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Area per inhabitant: Dhaulvali GP

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New well at Teliwadi, Dhaulvali

Repeated requests

Donation of land and labor

Solution

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Library

Old and decrepit

Liked by people

Scope of improvement

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Directed Research

Economic Prospects of Dhaulvali Village

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Stakeholders of the village economy

Inhabitants Emigrants

Big farm owners

Enterprises in Dhaulvali

Local Businesses

78

h h

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The Three Tier Structure

0.04

0.14

0.14

0.54

0.14

0 to 6

6 to 16

16 to 30

30 to 60

60 and above

79

l i h h l li

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Population Growth, Dhaulvali

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Dhaulvali Dasurewadi Bhablewadi Poklewadi Ambelkarwadi

1981

1991

2001

80

h ld

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Household

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Male

Female

81

L dh ldi i Dh l li

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Landholding pattern in Dhaulvali

20%

50%

22%

8%

Landless

Land holding 1 & < 5 acres

Land holding >5acres

82

F i D d

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Farming Dependence

25%

42%

18%

15%

Left farming

Reduced farm land

Share farming

Farming whole land

83

Mi i S i i Dh l li GP

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Migration Statistics, Dhaulvali GP

Female

Male

Total

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dhaulvali

AmbelkarwadiPoklewadi

Bhablewadi

Dasurewadi

Female

Male

Total

84

Bi F

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Big Farms

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Dhaulwalli

Poklewadi

Ambelkarwadi

Bhablewadi

Dasurewadi

Cashew

Nachni

Rice

Mango

85

N F E t i Dh l li

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Non Farm Enterprises, Dhaulvali

8

4

21

2

6

11 1

General store

Flour mill/rice mill

Dairy farm

Spice mill

Fruit juice

Auto-rickshaw

Furniture wood

Building contractor

Poultry

86

N t M k t E t

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Nate Market Ecosystem

87

E t i Di it

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Enterprise Diversity

0

5

10

15

20

25

Series1

88

P t f th ill

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Parameters of the village economy

Sources of income

Agriculture

Business

Cooperatives

Wage labor

Migration

Enterprise

Services

Expenditure

Taxes

House

Water Food

Electricity

Other utilities

89

Li lih d S

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Livelihood Source

2

1

41

36

11

9

Business

Cooperatives

Agriculture/ Wage labor

Migration

Enterprise

Services

90

P t i fl i l l

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Parameters influencing local economy

Climate/weather

Geography

Mindsets/traditional practices

Social/political constraints

91

NREGA

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NREGA

Female

Male

Total

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dhaulvali

AmbelkarwadiPoklewadi

Bhablewadi

Dasurewadi

Female

Male

Total

92

Integrated Watershed Management

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

93/99

g g

Program (IWMP)

Sericulture

Bee keeping

Small ruminants

Livestock

Fisheries

Biofuels

Carpentry

Masonry

Home gardening

93

Improving the Rural Investment

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

94/99

p g

Climate for Businesses

Increase Market Demand

Access to Marketplace and Market

information

Access to Finance

Business Services

94

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

95/99

Constructional Equipment

95

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

96/99

Shell fishing

96

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

97/99

Trawler MakingLarge trawlers (70 ft), Capacity 20 tons

Investment: Rs. 500 000/ 8-9 Months

Lifetime: 20 years

SPP: 3.5 years

97

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

98/99

Prawns FarmingPonds (4000 sf, 6-8 ft deep)

Capital investment: Rs 1.2M

Working capital: Rs.4 M

SPP: 4 years

98

THANK YOU

7/30/2019 Socio-Economic Survey of Dhaulvali Village Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

99/99

THANK YOU