Solar Thermal Heating &Cooling and Buildings
Experiences, Chances, Hurdles
Christian Holter S.O.L.I.D. GmbH
Large solar thermal systems (>500m²) • Project Development • Reasonable approved concepts • Master engineering- system KH • Construction supervision • Operation and Maintenance • Project Financing (ESCo) • Research & development • Consulting, Training
S.O.L.I.D. Activities
S.O.L.I.D. Group
Headquarter in Graz, Austria Subsidiaries in USA & Singapore
Partners in many other countries Recent reference plants around the
world
Graz, Austria
Office
Solar Cooling
Qingdao
UWC
SZDLC, Al-Ain
CGD
DigiCel
Harvard
Singapore
Phoenix, AZ Pristina
SOLID Office KFU Graz KVK Körner FW Berger SDH Graz
PepsiCo DOC
Lanta DMHS Hyatt
Partners
Hyatt
Heating
Technical Solutions by SOLID
THERMAL DRIVEN
COOLING PROCESS
SOLAR YIELD
COOLING LOAD
HEAT
COLD WATER
CONDITIONED AIR
STORAGE
SOLAR COOLING
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SPACE HEATING
DISTRICT HEATING
PROCESS HEAT
GREEN Factory
Large Hotel
2%14%
1%
29% 54% Air Conditioning
Lighting
Laundry
Other
Hot w ater
Large Office Buidling
13%
37%
49%1%
Air Conditioning
Lighting
Office equipment
Other
Medium Size Hospital
18%8%
15%
39%20% Air Conditioning
Lighting
Laundry
Other
Hot w ater
Background
• Peak Demand on cooling meets solar Peak • Cooling creates expensive peak demand
• Cooling is the biggest single user of electricity in buildings
Why solar air conditioning ?
• Electric Energy Savings – Electric COP Solar Cooling System incl. recooling ~10-40 – Electric COP Compression Chiller Syst. incl. recooling ~2-6 reduced electric consumption by 70-80%
• More stable energy expenses • CFC Free Chillers – No Ozone Depleting Potential • LEED certification - up to 10 additional points possible • Quiet operation – no vibrations • Reliable operations – no wear and tear on pistons or screws
as there are no such stressed parts
Office building - EAR Tower Pristina, Kosovo
2 LiBr absorption machines, total capacity of 70 kW / 20 tons
Solar Panels: 226 m²
4 m³ storage tank
Operating since Feb. 2003
13th operating season, 0% unforeseen down time
Solar cooling - Digicel, Kingston, Jamaica
Office space: 13,685 m²
Solar Panels: 982 m² / 680 kW
Single stage LiBr chiller: 600 kW
Hot storage: 2 x 5.5 m³
492 MWh cooling energy per year
In operation since 2012
Realised in partnership with RED, Jamaica
Energy Globe Award 2014
Solar Cooling via concrete core activation of a desert museum Cooling power: 400 kW Collector area: 1108 m2
Expected Solar yield: 825 kWh/m2/year
Commissioning: 2012
Sheik Zayed Desert Learning Center (UAE/Al Ain)
Solar Cooling & Hot Water for School Campus
Solar Panels: 3900 m² / 2.73 MW
LiBr absorption chiller: 1470 kW
Operation started: 2011
Enlargement actually under discussion
World‘s most powerful Solar Cooling System until 2013
UWC Tampines, Singapore
UWC Tampines, Singapore
Live visualization: http://www.uwc.heizwerk.at/?email=frei&pw=frei
• Collector area: 4,450 m² • Cooling load: ~1023 kW =
291 RT • Peak heat power: 2600 kW • Annual solar production: ~3 GWh heat • Yearly energy savings:
• 140 tons of gas, • 435 MWh electricity, • 500 kW of connected
load
Managua Hospital, Nicaragua
Almost completed
IKEA; Singapur
• Solar Cooling System IKEA Singapur, Alexandra Road.
• Under construction now
• 2600 m² solar collectors
• 900 kW cooling