Solid Waste Managment in Haxara Uni Haripur

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ASSESSMENT OF

BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN PAKISTAN

Subject

Basics of Biodiversity

Submitted by

Soul Trapper & Company

BES {S-II, B-III}

Assessment of solid waste management at Hazara University,Hazara University

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Submitted to

Salman khan

Lecturer of Department of Environmental Sciences

Submitted on

June 04, 2010

Friday

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

HAZARA UNIVERSITY,HARIPUR CAMPUS


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Table Of Contents


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S.N

O

Title Page No.

a. Acknowledgement -i-

b. List of tables -ii-

c. List of Graphs -iii-

d. Abstract -iv-

Chapter 1 : Introduction

1.1 Introduction To the Site 1

1.2 Introduction to the topic 1

1.3 Purpose of the study 1

1.4 Objectives of the study 1

1.5 Organization of the study 2

Chapter 2 : Methodology

2.1 Literature review 3

2.2 Universe of the study 3

2.3 Data organization 3

2.4 Data analysis 3

Chapter 3 : Results and discussions

3.1 Amount of Waste generated 4

3.2 Composition of Waste 4

3.3 Types of waste generated 7

3.4 Current management Practices 8

Chapter 4 : Conclusion and recommendation

4.1 Conclusions 10

Some Picture of the site 11

4.2 Suggestions 12

References 13

Questionnaire 14


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Chapter # 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction to Site

This report is one of the assignments given by lecturerSalman Khan of department of Environmental Sciences. It presents theassessment of solid waste at the campus. Main source for data collection wasinterviews from the people present in the campus (students, teachers andlower staff). Main focus was on the sweepers, people involved in themanagement of solid waste at the site. The Haripur Campus is located at abeautiful lush green and pollution free area at Haripur. It is spread over anarea of 236 Canals (29.5 Acres) and is situated at an altitude of 257meters andat a distance of 37km south of Abbottabad and 63km north from Islamabad. Itis situated off the Hattar road, Haripur. The pollution free and lush greensurroundings of the campus have its own beauty. The Haripur campus is

established with the support from provincial government, especially theGovernor, the Chief Minister and Minister of Environment and Forest. The landwas handed over by Forest Development Corporation. Haripur Campus is thethird Campus of Hazara University established in April, 2008.Initially threedepartments have been launched in campus offering undergraduate andgraduate programs in environmental sciences, agriculture and education. Thefirst Batch has started its classes on April 21, 2008.

Existing Departments are

Department of Environmental Sciences (DES)

Department of Agricultural Sciences (horticulture and food sciences)

Department of Management Sciences

Department of Education.

There are 25 faculty members (teaching staff) performing their duties atrespective departments. The number of students present in the campus isapproximately 650.

[1]

1.2 Introduction to the topic

What is Solid Waste?Any unwanted or discarded material from residential, commercial, industrial,

mining and agricultural activities that cause environmental problems termed

as solid waste.

What is waste management?

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or

disposal, and monitoring ofwaste materials. The term usually relates to

materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce

their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics

[2]

1.3. Purpose of study


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aestheticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_treatmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics


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The purpose of the study is to have a long term solid waste management

system.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

Quantify the amount of waste being generated.

Analyse composition of waste and their percentage.

Analyse the current management practices.

Suggest an environmentally sound management system for campus.

[3]

1.5 Organization of the study

The study is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter includes the introduction to the

site and topic etc. The second chapter relates to the methodology adopted. Third

chapter describes the results and discussions. In fourth chapter conclusions and

recommendations are explained.

.


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Chapter # 2

Methodology

The purpose of the chapter is to explain the methodology used for the study,

Assessment of solid waste management at Hazara University, Haripur Campus.

2.1. Literature Review

For the collection of secondary data many websites were used. This helped in creation

of a part of the report. The details of the literature reviewed have been discussed in

detail in concerned part of the report.

Various reports were studied for the purpose of information about the solid waste, its

management and techniques used for the management. The official website of the

university was used for information about the site.

2.2. Universe of the study

The study was conducted in Haripur Campus of Hazara University.

2.3. Data Collection

Interviews were conducted from the lower staff i.e. sweepers, students.

Questionnaires were administered by keeping in mind the objectives of the study.

2.4. Data Analysis

The data collected through questionnaires was analyzed with the help of tables and

graphs.


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Chapter # 3

Results and Discussions

Keeping in mind the objectives of the report, following results were obtained:

3.1. Amount of Waste

The detail of amount of the Waste generated from different places in the campus is

explained in the following table.

Table 3.1. Amount of Waste Generated

S.No Waste Generated from Amount in kg

1. Canteen 8 kg

2. Cafeteria 3 kg

3. Dustbins 9 kg

4. Ground 5 kg

Total 25 kg


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Graph 3.1 Amount of Waste Generated

Cafeteria

12%

Canteen

32%

Dust Bins

36%

Ground

20%

Canteen

Cafeteria

Dust Bins

Ground

[4]

3.2. Composition

The waste consisted of plastics, papers, food stuff, and glass materials. Their

individual percentage is shown the following tables.3.2.1 Plastics

Table 3.2. Percentage of Plastics

S.No MaterialsApproximate

Percentage

1. Wrappers 50 %

2. Bottles 20 %

3. Polythenes 30 %


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Graph 3.2 Percentage of Plastics

Bottles, 20%

Polythenes, 30%

Wrappers, 50%

Wrappers

Bottles

Polythenes

[4]

3.2.2 Food Stuff

The waste generated from food includes the rotten fruits and vegetables along with

the skin of various fruits and vegetables.

Table 3.3. Percentage of Waste of Food Stuff

S.No Materials Approximate

Percentage

1. Rotten fruits and Vegetables 25 %

2. Skin of Food Materials 75 %

Graph 3.3 Percentage of waste of food stuff

Rotten Fruits &

Vegetables, 25%

Rotten Fruits & Vegetables

Skin of Fruits & Vegetables

[4]

3.2.3 PaperTable 3.4. Percentage of Paper Waste


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Skin of Fruits

&


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Percentage

1. Tissue Paper 40 %

2. Common Paper 60 %

40% 60%

0%

10%20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Tissue Paper Common Paper

Graph 3.4 Percentage of Paper Wa

Tissue Pap

Common

Paper

[4]

The collective Percentage of Components of waste is shown in the following Table.

Table 3.5. Composition of Solid Waste


percentage

1. Plastics 50

2. Food Stuff 203. Paper 25

4. Glass materials 5


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Graph 3.5 Composition of Solid Waste

Food Stuff

20%

Papers

25%

Glass Materials

5%

Plastics

50%

Plastics

Food Stuff

Papers

Glass Materials

[4]

3.3. Types of Waste Generated

The waste generated includes both bio degradable and non bio degradable materials.

From the composition of the waste generated the following percentage was extracted.

Table 3.6. Types Of Waste Generated

Biodegradable Materials Non Biodegradable Materials

45 % 55 %

Graph 3.6 Types of Waste Generate

Non Biodegradable

Material

55%

Biodegradable

Material

45%

Biodegradable Material

Non Biodegradable Material

[4]

3.4. Current Management Practices

Currently practiced techniques of disposal used in the campus are open dumping and

burning. Most of the waste is dumped openly in a specified area in the premises

where a hole is dug. The percentage is shown in the table.


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Table 3.7. Current Management Practices

S. No Practice Approximate

Percentage

1. Dumping 98 %

2. Burning 2 %

98%

2%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Open Dumping Burning

3.7. Current Management Practices

[4]

Pros

The waste is manually picked from the campus.

The waste is taken to the dumping site on the daily basis.

A number of dust bins are installed in the campus.

Overall environment of the campus is good.

Cons The waste is not buried properly.

The place of disposal is in the residential area thus the environment of that

area is not good.

Pungent smell keeps on coming from the site.

Mosquitoes are growing in number in the campus due to the open dumping

of waste.


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Chapter # 4

Conclusions and Suggestions

4.1 Conclusions

From the results it was concluded that the solid waste generated at the

campus was composed of both biodegradable and non biodegradable materials

which included plastics, papers, waste of food stuff, glass material, etc. All thiscollectively weighed approximately 30 kilogram each day. The people involved

in the management of solid waste are the members of lower staff, the

sweepers, according to them the only main disposal technique adopted for

solid waste is its open dumping in an area in the university premises where a

hole is dug and the waste is just thrown into that after collecting from all other

places. Only a small proportion of the waste is burned. Thus the solid waste

management technique is not that much satisfying as it should be. No proper

burying or dumping system is there. No special attention is paid to it. Tehsil

municipal Administration is having no concern about it as it should have been.It needs proper management and attention.


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Some Pictures of the site


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back side of offices

Open dumping site

4.2 Suggestions

After the conclusion the following suggestions need to be presented for the

improvement of the solid waste management in the campus


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There should be a check and balance system for the workers so that they

could perform their duty at their best level.

Composting technique should be adopted.

Tehsil Municipal Administration should pay attention towards the waste

generated from the campus so that it should be picked up manually from the

premises and disposed off at any other place using different techniques.

The waste materials need to be separated into different components on

the basis of their properties.

Biodegradable material should be picked up from the waste and buried.

Non biodegradable waste need to be separated for its disposal by

various methods.

Burning of the waste should be avoided as it causes air pollution.

Awareness among the people in the campus should be made for avoid

spreading waste here and there and to make less usage of non biodegradable

materials.

Specials funds should be specified for the purpose of solid waste

management.

Number of workers should be increased.


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References

1. www.hu.edu.pk

2. Wikipedia.com

3. Class Lecture4. Personal Observation /Questionnaires/ Interviews


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http://www.hu.edu.pk/http://www.hu.edu.pk/


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Questionnaire

Amount of waste

S. No Waste Generated From Amount in Kilograms (kg)

1. Canteen

2. Cafeteria

3. Dust Bins

4. Ground

Types of waste

S.

No

Type of Waste generated at The Site

Biodegradable Material Non-Biodegradable material

1.

2.

Composition

S.

NoComposition of Waste Generated at the site

Approximate

Percentage

1.

Plastics

Wrappers

Bottles

Polythenes

2. Food stuff

Rotten fruits and Vegetables

Skin of Fruits Vegetables n other food

stuff

Tissue papers


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3. Paper

4. Glass material

Current management Practices

S.

No

Solid Waste Disposal At the Site Approximate

Percentage

1. Dumping

2. Burning


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Solid Waste Managment in Haxara Uni Haripur

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