Pest Management Strategies for NJ: Pesticides

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IPM Strategies IPM Strategies for the for the Garden State: Garden State:

Patricia D. HastingsPatricia D. HastingsPesticide Safety Education Program CoordinatorPesticide Safety Education Program CoordinatorRutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment StationRutgers New Jersey Agricultural Experiment StationCooperative ExtensionCooperative Extension

Safe & Selected Safe & Selected Use of PesticidesUse of Pesticides

Today’s Agenda

• What is a pesticide?• Types & formulations• Health effects • Environmental fate & transport• The pesticide label is the LAW!

NJDEP Definition of Pesticide

‘Any substance or mixture of substances, that is labeled, designed, or intended for use to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate the action of any pest,…

NJDEP NJAC 7:30 -1.2

Pests are

nuisances......

‘‘unwantedunwanted’’organisms...

disease vectors...

…sources of severe economic

losses

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Pesticides Pesticides are as are as varied as varied as the pests the pests they they control...control...

TargetTarget--Specific Specific PesticidePesticideCategoriesCategories

FungicideFungicide InsecticideInsecticide

MiticideMiticide

HerbicideHerbicide

RodenticideRodenticideNematicideNematicide

MolluscisideMollusciside AvicideAvicide

AlgicideAlgicide

Flea

egg

pupa

larva

adult

Lifecycle-specific Pesticide Categories..

NotNot thethe‘usual ‘usual suspects’...suspects’...

DesiccantsDesiccantsGrowthGrowth

regulatorsregulators

PaintsPaints& &

StainsStains

Sanitizers/Sanitizers/DisinfectantsDisinfectants

Pesticide/ Pesticide/ fertilizer cofertilizer co--formulationsformulations

DefoliantsDefoliants

““Natural” PesticidesNatural” Pesticides

••microbialsmicrobials & & animalsanimals(predators, parasites, predators, parasites,

& pathogens& pathogens) )

derived or consist of:derived or consist of:

••certain certain mineralsminerals••plants (botanicals)plants (botanicals)

““Natural” Natural” Pesticides Pesticides ––

Includes Includes PlantPlant--DerivedDerivedBotanicalsBotanicals

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PlantPlant--derived active derived active ingredient is ‘ingredient is ‘pypyrethrinrethrin’’

Broad spectrum insecticideBroad spectrum insecticide

May have synergist (e.g., May have synergist (e.g., piperonylpiperonyl butoxidebutoxide))

PyrethrumPyrethrum •permethrin•allethrin•bioresmethrin•cypermethrin•resmethrin•d-phenothrin•tetramethrin

Synthetic Synthetic PesticidesPesticides--

PyrethPyrethroidsroids •cypermethrin•cyfluthrin•deltamethrin•cyfenothrin•fenvalerate•fluvalinate

‘‘Natural ‘ PesticidesNatural ‘ Pesticides

Insecticidal SoapsInsecticidal Soaps1.1. Only active while wet (apply Only active while wet (apply

morn/eve)morn/eve)2.2. Cover all plant surfacesCover all plant surfaces3.3. Check label for plantCheck label for plant--specific specific

phytotoxicityphytotoxicity4.4. Use caution on new blooms, Use caution on new blooms,

young seedlings/young plantsyoung seedlings/young plants

Biopesticides- Bacillus thuringiensis

••Bt Bt kurstackikurstacki ((akaaka varvar berlinerberliner))––

••Bt Bt israelensisisraelensis--

••Bt Bt tenebrionsistenebrionsis ((akaaka San Diego)San Diego)––

mosquito/ black fly & fungus gnat mosquito/ black fly & fungus gnat larvaelarvae

leaf eating leaf eating caterpillarscaterpillars

Colorado potato beetle Colorado potato beetle grubsgrubs

Rodenticides:Primary & Secondary Non-targets

pheromonepheromone

Traps with attractants …Traps with attractants …

lurelure

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pitfallpitfall

Traps Traps withoutwithoutpesticides…pesticides…

““sticky”sticky”repellants...repellants...

kitchen

bath

Adequate pest Adequate pest control requires...control requires...

precise precise application application of pesticidesof pesticides

ReadyReady--toto--use use FormulationsFormulations

nono--dilution dilution powders & powders & granularsgranulars

prepre--mixed mixed sprayssprays

handhand--held held sprayers sprayers for for medium medium jobs...jobs...

Pesticide Pesticide ApplicationApplication

NOTNOTaerial aerial sprays or sprays or foggers for foggers for deep deep penetration penetration big jobs... big jobs...

Pesticide ApplicationPesticide Application

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Getting the Drift?Getting the Drift?

Don’t spray when windy;watch direction. Don’t spray when windy;watch direction.

Avoid spraying at higher temperaturesAvoid spraying at higher temperatures

Keep spray droplets large.Keep spray droplets large.

•• Modify nozzle types/ orifice size

Modify nozzle types/ orifice size

•• Increase viscosity with rec. adjuvants

Increase viscosity with rec. adjuvants

•• Operate sprayer at lowest rec.pressure

Operate sprayer at lowest rec.pressure

Adjust sprayer heightAdjust sprayer height..Buffer near sensitive no

nBuffer near sensitive non--target areas.target areas.

photo degradation

adsorptionadsorption

leachingleaching

volatilization

runoff

microbial microbial degradationdegradation

absorption absorption by plantby plant

crop residues

chemical chemical degradationdegradation

Environmental Environmental Toxicity:Toxicity:

Varied Varied residual residual products & times. products & times.

Fate & transportFate & transport of of pesticides... air, soil, pesticides... air, soil, ground & surface ground & surface waters.waters.

All potential All potential targetstargets** are not are not pests.pests.

Pesticides can harm Pesticides can harm beneficial insects...beneficial insects...

frompollinators...

to predators...

Resistant Arthropod Profile:Resistant Arthropod Profile:LeptinotarsaLeptinotarsa decemlineatadecemlineata

Common Name: Colorado potato beetleCommon Name: Colorado potato beetle

• azinphos-methyl USA, Canada, Poland• Bacillus thuringiensis CRYIIIA USA • carbaryl Canada, Italy, Poland, USA• carbofuran USA, Canada• chloethocarb Canada • chlordane Canada, Portugal• chlorfenvinphos USA, Poland • cypermethrin Canada, Canada• DDT Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Italy,

Poland, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, USA• deltamethrin Canada• dieldrin Austria, Canada, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, USA, • dioxacarb Poland• endosulfan USA, Canada, Portugal, USA• endrin Canada, Canada, Portugal, USA • esfenvalerate USA• fenvalerate USA, Canada, USA• hydrogen cyanide Ukraine • lindane/BHC Austria, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, USA • malathion USA • methamidophos Canada, Poland• methidathion USA, Canada, Poland • methoxychlor Poland • methyl parathion Hungary • monocrotophos USA • oxamyl USA• parathion Switzerland, USA, • permethrin USA, Canada, Hungary• phorate Canada • phosmet Canada, USA• phoxim Poland • propoxur Poland • quinalphos Poland • rotenone USA • tetrachlorvinphos USA • thiamethoxam USA • toxaphene Austria, Canada, Portugal • trichlorfon Hungary

Routes of Entry

contact

inhalation

ingestion toxicity... dose...‘‘ability of a ability of a substance to substance to cause an cause an adverseadverseeffect on an effect on an organism’.organism’.

‘‘amountamount of of a substance a substance ingested, ingested, inhaled, or inhaled, or contacted’. contacted’.

responseresponse

"All substances are poisons; there is none "All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poisondifferentiates a poison……." ." Paracelsus (1493Paracelsus (1493--1541)1541)

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““the amount the amount of a of a substance substance ingested ingested orally that is orally that is required to required to kill kill oneone--halfhalfof a test of a test population” population”

Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)...

LD50* LD50* Common UseCommon Usenicotinenicotine 0.30.3 tobacco constituent tobacco constituent acetoneacetone 10.710.7 nail polish removernail polish removercaffeinecaffeine 355.0355.0 coffee & cola constituentcoffee & cola constituentcarbarylcarbaryl 850.0 850.0 carbamate insecticidecarbamate insecticidepyrethrinspyrethrins 1,200.0 1,200.0 botanical pesticidebotanical pesticiderotenonerotenone 1,500.01,500.0 insecticide/insecticide/piscicidepiscicidetable salttable salt 3,800.03,800.0 food additivefood additiveabsolute alcohol 10,600.0absolute alcohol 10,600.0 beverage, preservativebeverage, preservative[(*mg/kg of body weight)[(*mg/kg of body weight) source: The Merck Index, 11th edition, 1989]source: The Merck Index, 11th edition, 1989]

Relative Acute Toxicity ofSubstances in the Home

if swallowed

SSSiiigggnnnaaalll WWWooorrrddd

TTToooxxxiiiccciiitttyyy CCCaaattteeegggooorrryyy

OOOrrraaalll (((mmmggg///kkkggg)))

DDDeeerrrmmmaaalll (((mmmggg///kkkggg)))

IIInnnhhhaaalllaaatttiiiooonnn(((ppppppmmm)))

DDDaaannngggeeerrr III > 222

Basis of Pesticide Basis of Pesticide Signal WordsSignal Words

** maymay also be a poisonalso be a poison

Pesticide Label Pesticide Label Signal WordsSignal WordsCategoryCategory Warning Warning LabelLabel

11

DangerDanger--PoisonPoison

DangerDanger

22 WarningWarning

33 CautionCaution

44 CautionCaution

acute systemic poisons(very likely to cause acute illness through oral, dermal, or inhalation exposure ).

skin and eye irritation potential through dermal exposure.

Source: http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/techp2.htm4/11/01

Mandated by-Law: NJ Pesticide Control ActRegulation: NJ Administrative Code Title 7 Chapter 30; Subchapters 1-13

(revisions published 5/18/08)Mission- ensure compliance with federal & State

laws/ regulations regarding the use, sale, transport, disposal, manufacture, & storage of pesticides in NJ

Address- All Counties Station Plaza 422 S. Clinton Ave. - 3rd Fl.Trenton, NJ 08625-0424 (609) 530-4070

NJDEP Pesticide Control Program

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It’s the LAW!!!!!!It’s the LAW!!!!!!•• All pesticides sold or distributed All pesticides sold or distributed

in US must be registered by EPAin US must be registered by EPA.

•• Restricted use pesticidesRestricted use pesticides for use for use by stateby state--certified applicators certified applicators only!only!

•• Maximum Maximum tolerancetolerance levels in or levels in or on any food commodity on any food commodity established first.established first.

•• Corresponding Corresponding application rateapplication rateestablished & found on the label.established & found on the label.

NOTNOT

Illegal Pesticides

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/health/illegalproducts/index.htm

•Repackaging of restricted use/ cancelled materials from overseas•Mislabling; false or unsubstantiated label claims•Unregistered product making pesticidal claims

1) Pesticide Name2) Active Ingredient3) Manufacturer Name4) EPA Registration No. 5) EPA Establishment No.6) Restricted Usage Statement7) Directions for Use(‘site’ &pest)8) EPA Signal Word/ Symbol9) Precautionary Statements

(hazards to humans/ domestic animals)10) First Aid (Practical Treatment) Statement11) Environmental Hazards: fish, birds,

aquatic invertebrates, bees 12) Physical & Chemical Hazards13) Re-entry Statement14) Storage and Disposal

THE THE LABELLABEL

Page One

Follow the & Follow the & use pesticides wisely...use pesticides wisely...

Don’t apply at a higherrate than specified

More is more, not necessarily better or legal.

label

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Clothing to Clothing to Minimize Pesticide Minimize Pesticide ExposureExposure

NOTNOTLongLong--sleeved sleeved shirt & shirt & pantspants

Cuffs Cuffs buttoned buttoned over * over * resistant* resistant* glovesgloves

Buttoned Buttoned collarcollar

without without glovesgloves

with with glovesglovesGloves reducedGloves reducedexposure by 99%exposure by 99%

Rule of Thumb: Rule of Thumb: Wear Your Gloves*…Wear Your Gloves*…

* & other prescribed PPE!!!!* & other prescribed PPE!!!!

Select adequate Select adequate hand protection...hand protection...

compositioncompositionthickness...thickness...

fabric...fabric... at home!!!!

at home!!!!

PrePre--soak washsoak washDetergent & hot water Detergent & hot water Run rinse cycle emptyRun rinse cycle emptyIf in doubt, throw it out!If in doubt, throw it out!

Wash thoroughly Wash thoroughly after pesticide useafter pesticide use......

••Be aware of Be aware of symptomssymptoms••Keep Keep emergency #’semergency #’scurrentcurrent

••Seek Seek medical aidmedical aid inindue time; take pesticidedue time; take pesticidelabellabel with youwith you••Remove contaminated Remove contaminated clothingclothing

Pesticide Exposure...

PhonePhone: 1: 1--800800--858858--7378 ; FAX: 17378 ; FAX: 1--541541--737737--076107616:30 am to 4:30 pm Pacific, 6:30 am to 4:30 pm Pacific, 7 days a week, except holidays. 7 days a week, except holidays.

MailMail written written requests to: requests to: NPIC; Oregon State UniversityNPIC; Oregon State University333 Weniger333 WenigerCorvallis, OR 97331Corvallis, OR 97331--65026502

Email:Email: npicnpic@ace.orst.edu@ace.orst.edu

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N.J. POISON N.J. POISON INFORMATIONINFORMATION& EDUCATION & EDUCATION

SYSTEMSYSTEM

11--800800--222222--12221222

Certified by the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC)

Master Gardener Resource

Adobe Acrobat 7.0 Document

RCE RCE CommercialCommercial & & PrivatePrivateApplicator RecommendationsApplicator Recommendationshttp://http://njaes.rutgers.edunjaes.rutgers.edu/pubs//pubs/

•• Control Recommendations for Household & Structural Control Recommendations for Household & Structural Insect PestsInsect Pests

•• Pest Control Recommendations for Lawn &Turf AreasPest Control Recommendations for Lawn &Turf Areas•• Pest Control Recommendations for Shade Trees & Pest Control Recommendations for Shade Trees &

Commercial Nursery CropsCommercial Nursery Crops•• Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations

for New Jerseyfor New Jersey•• Pest Management Recommendations for Field CropsPest Management Recommendations for Field Crops•• New Jersey Commercial Tree Fruit Production GuideNew Jersey Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide•• MidMid--Atlantic Berry Guide for Commercial Growers Atlantic Berry Guide for Commercial Growers