Special Core Analysis - Core Flooding System CFS-840 This instrument is designed for the researcher that requires the instrument to perform various core analysis tests within a single integrated system. The instrument is designed so components can be easily interchanged for various core analysis measurements. The system can be used for the measurement of permeability, relative permeability, formation damage, and enhanced oil recovery. The system is provided with Smart Series Software TM for data acquisition, control, and report writing. Click here for the technical documentation on this product. Product Images
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Special Core Analysis - Core Flooding System CFS-840
This instrument is designed for the researcher that requires the instrument to perform various core analysis tests within a single integrated system. The instrument is designed so components can be easily interchanged for various core analysis measurements. The system can be used for the measurement of permeability, relative permeability, formation damage, and enhanced oil recovery. The system is provided with Smart Series SoftwareTM for data acquisition, control, and report writing.
Click here for the technical documentation on this product.
This instrument measures core grain volume, density, pore volume, porosity, and void volume. The sample is evacuated prior to the injection of Helium gas. A measurement of equilibrated pressure determines the porosity. The system is computer controlled and the porosity is automatically calculated, or manually acquired data can be loaded into a spreadsheet program for calculation and parameter determination.
Core Slabbing Cross Cut Saw Uses:Core Slabbing and full diameter cross cut saw is a dual-purpose saw with wet-cutting head, ball-bearing assembly arbor, potential Sta Level cast aluminum blade guard for diamond tooled saw blades up to 20 inches in diameter. Suitable for use with cores up to 8 inches in diameter depending on model and blade size selected. Features: The blade height is adjustable over a vulcanized rubber top worktable, which moves smoothly on ball bearing guide wheels riding along the length of the coolant fluid pan. The saw is provided with one saw blade. Unless otherwise specified the blade will be 18 inches in diameter with 1-inch arbor. The standard electric motor is 5 HP, 220 VAC, 60 HZ, and single phase. Three phase 60 HZ and both single and three phase, 50 HZ motors are available upon request. The saw assembly is 50 inches high, 27 inches wide, 52 inches long and weighs 320 lbs. Includes a core guide and clamp assembly for holding core for smooth slabbing operation. Liquid coolant pump included for fluid recirculation.
University Training Equipment
Corrosion & Rotating Disc - RDA
Uses:
The Corrosion & Rotating Disc Acid Reaction Rate Measuring System is used to measure acid reaction rates of carbonate and dolomite samples and the results to be used in the design of effective acid stimulation treatments of wells.
Features: The Corrosion & Rotating Disc features a 4,000 psig (28 MPa) pressure vessel with a 1.5 in. (38 mm) rotating disc, magnetic drive system, temperature control system, fraction collector and data acquisition and control software. Pressure, temperature, acid displacement and test duration are software controlled. The software permitting a number of acid samples to be collected at pre-selected time intervals.
Ambient Resisitivity System - ARS-200
Uses:The ARS-200 provides a modern state of the art measuring instrument that allows the student to go through the measurement process in a structured transparent method. The ARS-200 features a pneumatic atmospheric core holder that allows a consistent loading to be applied to the sample eliminating operator error from the measurements. The instrument is forgiving in it's operation and requires neither mercury nor elevated pressures to operate, enhancing user safety
Features: AMBIENT RESISTIVITY SYSTEM- state of the art resistivity measuring system features a programmable RCL meter, pneumatic atmospheric core holder and 2/4 electrode measuring system. The ARS-200 is specifically designed to assist universities and other teaching institutions with the hands on instruction process.
Capillary Pressure Appartus - CPPP-200
Uses:
The system is designed to assist universities and other teaching institutions with the hands on instruction process. It provides an instrument that allows the student to perform the classic porous plate saturated core sample desaturation experiment in a structured transparent method. This instruction-focused design allows the student to build on his basic understanding of how capillary pressure controls the magnitude and distribution of the wetting phase in the reservoir.
Features:
The system is forgiving in its operation and does not require mercury, enhancing user safety.
Porosimeter Porg-200
Uses:
The Porosimeter Porg-200 provides a modern state of the art measuring instrument that allows the student to go through the measurement process in a structured transparent method. This instruction-focused design allows the student to build on his basic knowledge of porosity. The instrument is based on Boyle's law and allows the student to make grain volume measurements on core plugs. This information combined with bulk volume data allows for the calculation of sample porosity.
Features:Sample chamber, matrix cup (grain volume cell) for one-inch diameter samples, includes five calibrated disks for system calibration. Integrated pressure transducer, reference cell and gas flow manifold assembly Digital data read-out Thermometer Associated plumbing Manual and Excel spread sheet calculation template
Gas Permeameter Perg-200
Uses:The Gas Permeameter Perg-200 provides a modern state of the art measuring instrument that allows the student to go through the measurement process in a structured transparent method. This instruction-focused design allows the student to build on his basic knowledge of permeability. The instrument is based on Darcys law and allows the student to make permeability to gas measurements on core plugs.
Features:Instruction Transparent
Liquid Permeameter Perl-200
Uses:The Liquid Permeameter Perl-200 is specifically designed to assist universities and other teaching institutions with the hands on instruction process.
Features:The Liquid Permeameter Perl-200 provides a modern instruction focused measuring instrument that allows the student to go through the measurement process in structured transparent steps, allowing the student to build on his basic knowledge of permeability. The instrument is based on Darcy's law allowing the student to make permeability to liquid measurements on core plugs. The measured liquid permeability will be correct subject to one phase being present and no rock fluid interaction. The fluid for the purposes of Boyle's law is assumed to be incompressible.
ANOTHER
Routine Core Analysis - Rock Compressibility RCA-841
This instrument measures the changes in pore volume and bulk volume as a function of axial, radial, and pore pressures. Effective stress and simulated reservoir stress can be measured. The system uses Temco�s patented Tri-Axial Type Core Holder for independent application of axial, radial and pore pressure. The change in pore pressure is measured as a function of stress and then the change in pore volume is directly measured with a high accuracy metering pump. Measurements can be made at reservoir temperature and pressure. The system is available with an optional computer data acquisition system and computer control loop for stepping the stress values.
Click here for the technical documentation on this product.
Uses:ACES-100 Designed to apply increasing centrifugal force or the displacement of liquid from water saturated rock core samples. Centrifugal force is used to develop pressure differences at the interface of two immiscible fluids air and water or oil and water. Maximum speed, with rotor installed, is 20,000 RPM.
Features:The complete system with all rotor options can perform drainage capillary pressure tests on 1" or 1-1/2" diameter samples with appropriate rotors installed.
Measure viscosity of crude oils, other fluids and non-newtonian fluidsacc. to DIN 53019 / ISO 3219
Absolute viscosity measurement from very low to very high viscosities
Portable for -30 °C to +150 °C without additional cryostat
In lab with recooler down to -45 °C
Very fast heating/cooling by thermoelectrical modules
Vane sensor for measuring under pipeline conditions
Product page Viscosity Measuring Site
SEDIMENTOLOGY
The Sedimentology and Sediment Geochemistry Labs
These laboratories contain standard equipment for the routine analysis of lake cores including drying ovens, a muffle furnaces, a freeze drier, microscopes, centrifuges, water baths, balances, sieves, equipment for thin-section preparation, etc. In addition, there are facilities for the analysis of smear slides, thin-sections, organic matter and carbonate content, biogenic silica, etc. The Sedimentology Laboratory has an automated magnetic susceptibility track with a Bartington Susceptibility meter and a ME2EI sensor as well as a variety of loop sensors and a number of computers (Macintosh and PC’s). There is a full spectrum light box and digital camera for archiving core features and for measuring gray-scale and color changes. Facilities are available for the extraction and isolation of sediment cellulose, diatoms and pollen. The Sedimentology Laboratory includes a 200sq. ft. cold room for archiving samples and a supply of D-tubes for storing cores. There is an AMS radiocarbon preparation line in the Sediment Geochemistry Laboratory dedicated for work on lacustrine samples. This vacuum line can also be used to prepare samples for d13C measurements.
Field Equipment
The University of Pittsburgh has a wide selection for coring equipment including 3 varieties of surface corers, square-rod Livingston Corers, and a vibra corer as well as boats and associated equipment. A DataSonde Hydrolab is available for limnological measurements as well as a variety of sediment and water sampling equipment. Other field equipment includes GPS units, altimeters, surveying equipment for lake-level studies, a depth finders/GPS unit for mapping
bathymetry, etc. A Triton Elics/Edge Tech seismic system is also available for sub-bottom profiling with a suite of processing and georeferencing software.
Sedimentology
Sieve grainsize
Description: Grainsize determinate as weight percentage by wet sieving.
Process: Samples are wet sieved into their desired fractions, typically mud (<63 microns, sand (63-2000 microns) and gravel (>2000 microns). These are then dried, weighed and the fractions expressed as percentage mass.
Uses: Grainsize distribution studies can be used to determine sediment transport patterns, sorting and energy of deposition, infer sediment porosity, calibrate submarine sonar, detect hydrocarbon seeps and establish surrogacy for benthic ecology. Sieved size fractions can undergo further scientific analysis to determine more detailed geological, physical, chemical and biological properties specific to each fraction.
Laser grainsize
Description: Grainsize determination as volume percentage by laser diffraction.
Process: Approximately one gram of sediment is dispersed in water and laser diffraction particle size analysis is used to calculate the volume percentage of particles in the sample. This is a highly precise method suitable for particles in the range of 0.02-2000 microns.
Uses: Grainsize distribution studies can be used to determine sediment transport patterns, sorting and energy of deposition, infer sediment porosity, calibrate submarine sonar, detect hydrocarbon seeps and establish surrogacy for benthic ecology.
Description: The carbonate percentage is determined by acid digestion and subsequent pressure measurement using the method of Muller & Gastner 1979.
Process: Powdered sample is digested with acid in a sealed pressure chamber and the change in pressure due to the evolution of carbon dioxide is measured. A calibration graph equates this measured pressure to carbonate percentage. Carbonate percentage for gravel fractions are estimated through visual inspection.
Uses: Calcium carbonate is the major biogenic component of sediments in many marine areas and indicates relative biogenic or terrigenous sediment deposition.
Multi Sensor Core Logging (MSCL)
Description: A non-destructive analytical process measuring density (through gamma attenuation), magnetic susceptibility, and P-wave velocity properties of core samples. The unit incorporates a high resolution imaging system.
Process: A conveyor system carries each core section past the required sensors which scan the core as it passes.The conveyor is driven by a stepper motor which can position a core to an accuracy of better than 0.5 millimetres. The computer controlling the conveyor also controls the sensors, so that all the data are automatically correlated. The computer also measures the length of each core section. This allows the sections to follow sequentially, producing an unbroken stream of data. This system saves time by ensuring that the core sections continuously follow each other. This makes core logging a continuous, automated and uninterrupted process. The MSCL can handle core sections between 50 and 150 millimetres in diameter and 1.5 m long and can sample at intervals of 1 millimetre or greater.
Uses: Core samples are collected on land or at sea by the hydrocarbon, mining and construction industries and additionally by the military. In research institutes they are now an essential part of climate studies. The cores come as exposed hard rock samples or as soft sediment encased in plastic sleeves. Correctly analysed, they can yield crucial information about the properties of rock or sedimentary strata. The hydrocarbon industry, for example, needs accurate data on the porosity, grain size, type and composition of the geology they are investigating, whereas the construction industry and the military may be interested in geotechnical properties such as p-wave velocities, density and water content.
Description: Core splitting. We also have sampling kits available for use.
Process: The Geotek core splitter can accommodate cores up to 150 centimetres in length. The Geotek is equipped with two vibratory disc cutters and two hooked knife blades, a smooth longitudinal cut can be made through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) core liners. The core material itself is split using the integrated cheese wire which follows the blades. These splitting techniques combined, produce negligible amounts of liner swarf which minimises contamination of the samples, and leaves perfectly undisturbed core surfaces.
Surface Area Analyser
Description: Surface area and total pore volume can be analysed using gas saturation.
Process: The Nova 2200e is designed to perform analyses on two samples at a time, with the capability to prepare eight samples for analysis whilst operating. The Nova 2200e is both PC and keyboard driven and can be left unattended during operation. After a heating and vacuum/gas cleaning process, the sample is brought to a constant temperature by means of an external bath. Then, small amounts of a gas (the adsorbate) are admitted in steps into the evacuated sample chamber. Gas molecules that adhere to the surface of the solid (adsorbent) are said to be adsorbed and tend to form a thin layer that covers the entire adsorbent surface. Based on the well known Brunauer, Emmett and Teller theory, one can estimate the number of molecules required
to cover the adsorbent surface with a monolayer of adsorbed molecules, nm. Multiplying nm by the cross-sectional area of an adsorbate molecule yields the sample’s surface area.
We have a range of microscopes available for use, including field, compound and stereo microscopes. Please discuss your requirements with the laboratory manager.
Photography
The PalSed Laboratory has a number of digital cameras, services and equipment available including:
Digital SLR with various lenses – available for use through our loans register Digital compact – available for use through our loans register
Microscopy – our microscopes are available to use within the laboratory. They are fitted with Leica and Olympus microscope specific digital cameras operated through a dedicated PC
We have trained operators to perform photographic work – Please discuss your requirements with the laboratory manager
35 millimetre, strip and medical high resolution slide scanners
Munsell colour charts
Image manipulation software
Image analysis software
Photographic plate preparations for scientific publications
Biogenic Silica Analysis
Description: Dissolved silica is determined using molybdate-blue spectrophotometry.
Process: Organics and carbonates are chemically removed from the sample. Silica is dissolved from the sample using sodium carbonate. Molybdate working solution is added. Reducing working solution is added. The solution turns blue; dark blue indicates high silica content and absorbance. Absorbance is measured with a spectrophotometer calibrated to silica content.
Uses: Along with calcium carbonate, silica is the main component of biogenic sediments. Silica levels in marine sediments can indicate various levels of ocean productivity.
Kerogen Isolation
Description: Kerogen is the insoluble organic component of rocks. It is often necessary to isolate the kerogen from a rock sample prior to organic geochemical analyses.
Process: Geoscience Australia’s Laboratories use physical and chemical processes to isolate pure kerogen. This involves preparation of a rock powder, solvent extraction, acid digestion phases to remove naturally occurring and neo-formed minerals. Followed by density separation and final treatments to remove residual reagents from the sample. This process is conducted jointly by the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory and the Palaeontology & Sedimentology Laboratory. Processing time for this procedure is usually about two weeks.
Uses: Kerogen is subsequently analysed for Total Organic Carbon (TOC), kinetics and biomarker studies to assist hydrocarbon exploration.
Sample crushing and milling
Description: Samples can be crushed, ground and milled using: micro agate; micro stainless steel; large (80g) carbon steel ring; mortar and pestle; large ceramic ring, and large tungsten carbide mills.
Sample splitting
Description: Sample homogenisation with riffle splitters in a range of sizes.
Density determination
Description: Density is determined using the Archimedes Principle that states that any object immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. The weight of the fluid displaced is directly proportional to the volume of displaced fluid and therefore the volume of the object submerged.
Moisture content & total suspended solids analysis
Description: Samples are weighed, dried and then re-weighed again to determine moisture content. Fully evaporating a water sample and weighing the dry residue gives total suspended solid content.
Geothermal sample preparation – core plugging, slicing and polishing
Description: Samples are cored, cut into thin slices with a precision saw and then polished prior to measuring the geothermal properties of the sample.
Process: Rock cores are sliced using the Isomet 5000 precision saw which is designed to make precise cuts of a wide variety of materials. This saw can be programmed to perform multiple cuts automatically with a 2 micron tolerance. It has the functionality to cut from a programmable menu and has sectioning applications from stainless steel to ceramics.
The Isotope and Organic Geochemistry Laboratory supports a range of research activities which contribute to improved understanding of Australia's petroleum resources. The research results are recorded in various databases and published in specialist reports. When applied by government agencies and exploration companies the results aid risk assessment and promotes exploratory investment; particularly in Australia's offshore jurisdiction. The laboratory also contributes to research in: marine environmental geoscience; investigating the extent of human impact on the coastal zone; carbon capture and storage and development of techniques in isotopic and organic geochemistry.
Equipment, Capabilities and Services:
The Isotope and Organic Geochemistry Laboratory is equipped with a range of modern analytical instruments, including:
Agilent Mass Spectrometer 5975C MSD interfaced to a gas chromatograph GC 7890AThis new model GC/MS instrument is used to analyse the organic compounds occurring in the crude oils and sediments and other samples. Enhanced sensitivity and capability of simultaneously scanning in full-scan and SIR modes enables to identify and quantify organic compounds more efficiently, especially low concentration biomarker compounds.
Agilent Mass Spectrometer 5973 MSD interfaced to a gas chromatograph GC 6890A GC/MS can be performed in either fullscan or SIR modes to identify the organic compounds occurring in the crude oils and sediments and other samples.
2 x Agilent gas chromatograph GC 6890NThese two GC’s are used for compositional analysis of organic liquid samples. One is for various fractions, including saturates and aromatics. Another is used for whole oil samples, which can be without laboratory treatment.
Agilent 7890A Gas Chromatograph for gas analysis This is newly purchased instrument equipped with methaniser-Flame Ionization Detector, which converts CO2 (and CO) to CH4 and hence increase in sensitivity by 100-fold. It is also equipped with Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD), a universal detector for major components, and Electron Capture Detector (ECD) with 1000-fold increase over current detection methods.
Finnigan MAT 252 isotope ratio mass spectrometerThis isotopic analytical system is equipped with Dual Inlet system, Trace GC and Flash EA (1112 Series). This instrument is currently used for GCIRMS carbon isotopic analysis for natural gases, and crude oils. A lot of organic carbon and nitrogen isotopic (and content) data have also been produced on the crude oils (fractions), kerogen, and marine and coastal sediments.
Finnigan Delta Plus XL isotope ratio mass spectrometer:This isotopic analytical system is equipped Trace GC and Thermo Finnigan TC/EA. This instrument is currently used for hydrogen isotopic GC-IRMS analysis for natural gases, and crude oils. A lot of organic hydrogen isotopic (and content) data have also been produced on the crude oils (fractions), kerogen, and marine and coastal sediments.
This facility has a variety of equipment for acquisition of geophysical data (seismic, gravity, magentic, ground penetrating radar, etc.) in the field, as well as a sophisticated suite of software for seismic data processing and analysis in the laboratory, which includes:
120-channel truck-mounted seismic reflection recording system 36-channel Strataview(TM) portable seismic recording system
ProMAX (TM, Landmark) interactive seismic reflection processing system
Three gravity meters (LaCoste-Romberg and Worden)
Magnetic gradiometer system
A brand-new Ground Penetrating Radar system
Resistivity meter
Global Positioning System (differential)
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The Sedimentology Laboratory is equipped with a wide range of analytical equipment including (1) a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 Laser Particle Size Analyzer capable of measuring particles in the 0.04-1000 micron size range (clay to coarse sand), and (2) a rapid sediment analyzer (comprising a 1.5 meter settling tube and computer-controlled digital balance) capable of analyzing sand size sediments, (3) sieves and Ro-Tap, (4) an ELM 3R Luminoscope cathodoluminescence system used to analyze siliciclastic mineralogy and cement histories in both carbonate and siliciclastic rocks, (5) a Frantz Magnetic Barrier Laboratory Separator Model LB-1 used for separating minerals on the basis of their magnetic properties, (6) a range of coring equipment including hand augers, a backpack vibracoring system, a Livingstone coring system and two Wildco coring systems, and (7) a portable catamaran coring platform suitable for lacustrine studies. The lab also is equipped with binocular and petrographic microscopes, digital balances, drying oven, furnace, sonic bath, Geiger counter and an acid resistant hood. The Sedimentology Lab has access to ICP MS, XRD, XRF, Sedigraph and ground penetrating radar systems for geochemical, textural and shallow subsurface geophysical projects.
Exploration Geophysics Field Equipment LaboratoryField equipment for geophysical exploration at a variety of scales is maintained by a technician. Shotgun, hammer, and explosive sources can recorded on 10 or 100 Hz geophones and cables and the Geometrics 60-channel, 24-bit seismograph. The ground-penetrating radar system has 5 sets of antennae ranging from 12.5 to 200 MHz. Potential field techniques are supported by a Lacoste micro-gravimeter, a fluxgate magnetometer, and a VLF electromagnetic system. Surveying needs are supplied by a kinematic differential GPS (cm accuracy) system and several hand-held GPS units (~5 m accuracy).John K. Costain Geophysics Computing FacilityThe facility supports modeling, processing and interpretation of reflection and refraction seismic and ground penetrating radar (GPR) data for subsurface imaging for petroleum exploration, deep crustal scale geophysical and geological studies, and shallow subsurface investigations for engineering and environmental purposes.Software includes industry-standard packages for 2-D and 3-D seismic data processing, interpretation, modeling, log processing, and interpretation running on Linux PCs. The computer network and hardware are supported by full-time technicians and contain facilities such as large-scale plotting and multiple terabytes of disk storage. Software includes:ProMAX VSP, 2-D, and 3-D seismic data processing packages
Paradigm's VoxelGeo and Focus
Multiple licenses of Landmark's complete interpretation package
In addition to these state-of-the art packages, special purpose modules developed at Virginia Tech are also available. The laboratory is supported by grants, the petroleum industry, and alumni donations.
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy Laboratory
Fully equipped sedimentation laboratory with plastic impregnation chambers; research grade microscopes equipped for cathodoluminescence, epifluorescence and reflectivity; high speed thin section equipment, slab saws and polishing equipment; lab has PCs and software for numerical modeling and spectral analysis; Neuralog software for automatic digitizing of well logs; hand-held Gamma Ray Scintillometer for field measurements; Petra and NeuraSection software for the application of well log data to sub-surface stratigraphic mapping.
Geophysics- lafeyette
The geophysics laboratory is home to an array of modern field and lab equipment for the study of the earth.
Modelling and analytical software for geophysical data
Mineralogy/Petrology
The mineralogy and petrology lab houses equipment and materials for the study of minerals and rocks. We house an extensive collection of minerals and rocks for study. Students utilize standard mineral identification techniques, as well as polarizing microscopes for the identification of thin sections. Thin sections are made in-house with our cutting and polishing equipment
Equipment includes:
20 Polarizing microscopes 24 inch oil-based rock saw
