IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Y. Soldo, FARS TC co-chair (NASA GSFC)
P. de Matthaeis, FARS TC chair (NASA GSFC)
R. Oliva, FARS TC co-chair (ESA ESAC)
Spectrum management issues in remote sensing
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Outline
• RFI in remote sensing
• Potential future issues concerning remote sensing observations
• The IEEE GRSS FARS Technical Committee
• Overview of FARS activities
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting2
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
RFI in remote sensing (1/3)
• SMOS (European mission; 1.4 GHz; passive)
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting3
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
RFI in remote sensing (2/3)
• SMAP (NASA mission; 1.4 GHz; passive)
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting4
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
RFI in remote sensing (3/3)
• GPM-GMI (NASA-JAXA; 18.7 GHz; passive)
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting. 5
Ref: Draper, 2016
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Potential future issues (1/3)
• Instruments like GPM-GMI might experience more RFI in the future: the Agenda Item 1.5 proposes use of the 17.7-19.7 GHz band for radiocommunicationbetween satellites in geostationary orbit and ESIMs(Earth Stations in Motion).
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting6
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Potential future issues (2/3)
• SMOS and Aquarius (a NASA-mission) noticed two sudden changes in the RFI level reported in Japan
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting7
Ref: Soldo et al., 2016
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Potential future issues (3/3)
After investigation, it was found that a recent TV broadcasting satellite had opened two new channels at about the same dates. The satellite broadcasts at ~12 GHz, but the IFs of those channels were in the protected band at 1.4 GHz and the TV receiver cables (of millions of users) had inappropriate insulation.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting8
Ref: “SMOS RFI Test Campaign in Japan involving
the Mobile Operators”; SMOS mission; 2014
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting9
Socie
ties (
39)
Technic
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Com
mitte
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IEEE GRSS FARS TC
What is FARS?
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Our mission is to serve as interface between the GRSS community and the radio-frequency regulatory world by:
• educating the remote sensing community on spectrum management processes and issues
• promoting the development of radio frequency interference detection and mitigation technology
• organizing technical sessions at conferences, workshops, etc.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting10
FARS mission (1/2)
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
• providing spectrum managers and regulators with input from the remote sensing community
• fostering the exchange of information between researchers in different fields, such as remote sensing, radio astronomy, telecommunications, etc., with the common scope of minimizing harmful interference between systems
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting11
FARS mission (2/2)
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
• 130 members
• 17 countries (majority is from the US)
• Academia is the largest employment field of FARS members, followed by Space Agencies and the private sector
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting12
Membership
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
FCC filings
FARS has filed a few comments/reply to comments to the FCC. Recently:
– on the “Spectrum Horizons” NPRM (use of the spectrum above 95 GHz)
– Replied to a comment about Google’s request for waiver at 60 GHz
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting13
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
ITU-R WP 7C
• Contribution to the ITU-R Working Party 7C (as IEEE)The contribution refers to the potential allocations to ESIMs (Earth Station in Motion) in the context of the already-existing interference in the 18.6-18.8 GHz band
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting14
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Other cooperations
FARS interacts with other relevant entities:
• The US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee On Radio Frequencies (CORF): CORF is made up by US radio-astronomers and remote sensing engineers/scientists.
• Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG): SFCG members are Space Agencies that coordinate efforts about use of the spectrum to make measurements, uplinks and downlinks. FARS regularly attends as an IEEE GRSS observer and can submit official contributions.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting15
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
“Views” document on the WRC19 AIs
FARS has been working on gathering inputs from its members about the AIs of WRC-19.
Mainly:
• In C-band, AI 1.16 proposes compatibility studies for RLAN in the 5.25-5.57 GHz band, allocated to EESS (active). EESS sensors in that band are already affected by RFI.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting16
Monti-Guarnieri et al., 2017
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
“Views” document on the WRC19 AIs
• In K-band, AI 1.5 (about ESIMs) can potentially affect EESS (passive) observations at 18.6-18.8 GHz;
• In Ka-band, AI 1.6 (NGSO FSS); AI 1.13 (IMT); AI 1.14 (HAPS) affect the Secondary EESS allocations at 37.5-40.5 GHz
• In V-band, both AI 1.6 (NGSO FSS) & AI 1.13 (IMT) might affect the EESS (passive) band at 50.2-50.4 GHz through OOBE from both adjacent bands.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting17
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
IGARSS 2018
IGARSS is the main Remote Sensing conference. FARS has contributed through:• Special invited session, focused on:
– interference detection and mitigation techniques for both passive and active sensors
– updates from satellite missions about the RFI environment they experience
– spectrum management issues faced by remote sensing community
• Tutorial (3 lectures) on:
– Spectrum management & microwave remote sensing
– RFI detection and mitigation in passive instruments
– RFI detection and mitigation in active instruments
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting18
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
RFI 2019 workshop
• The “RFI 2016” workshop was held in Socorro, NM. It brought together the Remote Sensing and Radio Astronomy community to discuss common topics about RFI environment and detection/mitigation techniques.
• “RFI 2019” aims at continuing this cooperation. Location and dates will be determined shortly
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting19
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
FARS database
Motivations:– to increase awareness about the frequency allocations among
scientists/engineers
– to allow a free exchange of information between remote sensing scientists and engineers regarding potential interference hazards
– to be used by a community broader than IEEE GRSS
Still under development, but available at:http://www.grss-ieee.org/microwave-interferers/
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting20
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities
The database consists of two distinct parts:- a list of current spectrum allocations, with special
focus on Earth Science (EESS) bands.- a repository of radio frequency interferenceobserved by spaceborne microwave remotesensing platforms.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting21
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: frequency allocations
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting22
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: frequency allocations
Yan Soldo (IEEE FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting23
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting24
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting25
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting26
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
Yan Soldo (IEEE FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting27
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
Yan Soldo (IEEE FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting28
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Database functionalities: RFI sources repository
For the time being, the database only includes RFI experienced by the science instruments (radiometers), but the RFI environments at the frequencies of the uplink/downlink transmissions are also of concern.
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting29
IEEE GRSS Frequency Allocations in Remote Sensing TC
Thank you!
Yan Soldo (FARS). National Spectrum Management Association 2018 annual meeting30
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