Paper 3 s?fi Snoto6g ltg

Answer aII questions.Jawab semua soalan.

Langkah-langk ah berihut telah . d,ij alankan.Step 1 : 50 m(' of 2%o sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was placed in a boilingtube.

tes

I An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of light iirtensity on the rate ofphotosynthesis of a Hydrilla sp. sprig.Satu eksperimen telah diialanka-i uituk m.enghaii kesan keamatan cahaya ke atas kadarfotosintesis bagi setangkai Hyd.ritta sp.

The following steps were carried out.

Langh,ah 7

Step 2

Langkah 2

10, ml. larutan ZYo natrium hidrogen karbonat telah d.imasukkan ke d.alam

taoung ctldln.

A -Hy.dr:illa

sp.. sprig was immersed in the sodium. hydrogen carbonatesolution.setanghai Hyd'ritta sp. d,irend,amkan ke d,alam larutan natrium hid,rogenkarbonat.

A light source from a 60 W bulb was placed at a distance of 60 cm from theboiling tube.

Step 3

Langh'ah 3 : Sa\ su,rnber cahaya d,aripad,a satu mentot 6a W dileta,kkan pada jarak 60 cmdari tabung didih.

Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up used in this experiment.Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan rad,as-yang digunakan-d,alam eksperimen ini.

@rl;rqqill:ilm"qq;P,

"i4.\N.s)'--

tk r1- r:r

trilg

' ./,- " r ." i

{*it

Retort standKaki retort

Hydrilla sp.

Boiling tubeTabung didih

2% sodium hydrogencarbonate solutionLaru,tan2%o natrium

Paper clip' Klip kertas

Rulei. Pembaris

Diagrarn 1Rajah t

\

"/

60 W bulbMentol60.W

(a) In Table 1, list all the materials and apparatus labelled in Diagram 1-

Dalam Jad,ual L, senaraikan semua bahan d.an radas yang berlabel dalam Rajah L'

MaterialBahan

ApparatusRadas

Table 1Joduol t

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Table 2 shows the results of this experimentJad.ual 2 Tnenunjukkan keputusan eksperimen ini'

Distance between light sourceand HYd'rilla sP.

Ja,rak di antara surnber eahoYad'an HYdrillo sP.

Total number of bubbles releasedin 5 minutes

Jumlah bilanga,n gelembung Yangd.ibebaskan d'alann rnusa 5 minit

60 cm

BubbleGelembung

' Hydrilla sp.

50 cm

rI

I

4O ern

30 cm

Table 2Jad,ual 2

(b) Record the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boxes provided inTable 2.Rekod jumlah bilangan gelernbung yeng d.ibebaskan d.alam tna,sa S minit d,alam petakyang disediakan dalam Jadual 2.

lB marksllB markah,l

(c) (t state two different observations made from Table 2.Nyatakan daa pemerhatinn yang berbeza yang d.ibuat d,aripad,a Jad.ual 2.Observation 1 / Pemerhatian L:

Observation 2 I Pemerhatian 2:

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(ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in l(c)(i).Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan d,engan pemerhatian d,i r(d(i).Inference from observation L r lTtferens d,aripad,a pemerhatian L:

Inference from observation 2 | Inferens d,aripada pemerhatian 2:

(d) Complete Table 3 based on this experiment.Lengkaphan Jadual 3 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Table 3Jad,ual 3

(e) State the hypothesis for this experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.

[3 marksf[3 markah]

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VariablePembolehubah

Method to handle the variableCara mengendali pembolehubah

Manipulated variableP e m b ol e hub ah di m anip ulasikan

Responding variablePembolehubah bergerak balas

Constant variablePembolehubah dimalarkan

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(0 (il Construct table and record all the data collected in this experiment.Bina satu jadual dan rekod,kan sernua d,ata yang d,ikumpul dalarn eksperirnew ini.Your table should have the following titles:Jadual anda hendakrah mengand,uigi tajuk-tajuk berikut:

Distance between light source and Hydrilla sp.Jarak di antara sumber cahaya d,an-Hydrilli sp.Total number of bubbles released in b minutesJumlah bilangan gerembung ydng d.ibebaskan d,aram masa 5 minitLight intensityKeamatan cahaya

Use the formula:

' Light intensity =

Gunakan formula:

Keamatan cahaya = -;------- 1- JaraU

,J'*:#l(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 2L5 toa-nswer this part of the question. Usingthe data in l(f)(i), draw the graph or trt" total number oi bubbles against the lightintensity.

I B marksfGuna kertas graf yang d'isediakan d'i halaman 2L5 untuh menjawab ceraian soalanini' Menggunakan data d'i 1(0(r), lukis graf iumlah bilangan gelembung melawank'earnatan cahaya'

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(g) Based on the gTp! in l(f)(ii), explain the relationship between the total number ofbubbles and the.light intensity-Berdasarkan graf di L(DGi} terangkan hubungan antara jumlah bilangan gelentbungdengan keamatan cahaya.

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(h) This experiment is repeated using two sprigs of. Hydrilla sp'predict the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutes by these two sprigs of

Hydrilla sp.Explain your prediction.

Eksperimen ini d,iul,angi d.engan nxenggunakan dua tangkai Hydrilla sp'

Raiatkan jumlah bilingan gelembung yatug dibebaskan dalam. nxasa 5 minit oleh dua

tangkai Hydrilla sp. ini.Terarugk an ramalan and'a.

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Based on the result from this experiment, what can be deduced about photosynthesis?

Berd.asarkan keputusan d,aripad.a eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat dirumuskan tentang

fotosintesis?

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(t

Graph of the total number of bubbles against the light intensity9"t bagi jumlah bitangan gerembung *ilo*on keaiatan cahaya

Anaerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose in

the absence of oxygen. Yeast can carry out anaerobic respiration in a glucose solution'

GlucoseZimase Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + EnergY

Respirasi anaerab ialah proses pembebasan tenaga d.aripada penguraian glukosa tarupci'oksigen'

Y.s boleh menjalankan respirasi anaerob dalam larutan glukosa.

GlukosaZimase Etanol + Karbon dioksid'a + Tenaga

The rate of anaerobic respiration is affected by'several factors such as temperature, pH values

and nutrients.Kad.ar respirasi anaerob d,ipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti suhu, nilai pH dan

nutrien.

Based on the above information and equation, design a laboratory experiment to investigate

the effect of temperature on the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast'

Berd,asarkan maklamat d.an persam,adn d.i atas, reka bentuk satu eskperimen makmal untuk

nxengkaji kesan suhu ke atas kad,ar respirasi anaerob d'alam yis.

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:

Peraicangai ekiperimen and,a hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

' Problem statementPernyataan rnasalah

' Aim of investigationObjektif kajian

' Hypothesisiiiotesis

' VariablesPembolehubah

' List of apparatus and materialsSenarai radas dan bahan

' Technique usedTeknik yarlg d'igunakan

. Experimental procedure or methodKaedah atau Prosedur eksPerimen

' Presentation of dataCara data diPersembahkan

' ConclusionKesimpulan

lL7 marks)[L7 markah]

(b) _

Diagram 9.2 shows an ecosystem ofrainforest.An ecosystem is a community of livingorganisms such as plant, monkey, deer, snail,butterfly interacting with one another anclwith the non-living environment such aswater and temperature.In this ecosystem, the gteen plants act asproducers which directly produce food for deerand the fruits for monkey as well.This ecosystem provides the plants and theanimals with the basic resources of life suchas shelter, living space, nesting and breedingsites, For example, a single tree can be ahabitat for birds and monkeys.Rainforest provide biodensity.Green plants undergo photosynthesis whichwater, light and carbon dioxide gases areneeded. During respiration process, animalreleases carbon dioxide gases which is usedfor photosynthesis process by plants.Plants in tropical rainforest provide rawmaterials for medicine such as treatment ofcancer andAIDS.At the same time, photosynthesis processproduces oxygen gases which is used byanimal during respiration process.This ecosystem has to be maintained toensure the snail has space/habitat to live.Otherwise the snail will loss their habitatcausing extinction of snail population.This ecosystem provide habitat for butterflyto ensure the population of butterflymaintained.Timber, rubber and organic oils playimportant role in the country's economies.Nitrogen cycle, pollination and regulation ofatmosphere temperature are provided due tothe diversity in plants and animals.

Observation 1:The plant released a gas which is collected asa gas bubble in the boiling tube.Observation 2:The shorter the distance between light sourceandHyd.rilla sp., the higher the total numbe-.of bubbles released in 5 minutes in the boilingtube.Inference from observation 1:The gas bubble that is released indicates thatthe plant is undergoing photosynthesis.

Inference from observation 2:The shorter the distance between lightsource and, Hyd,rilla sp., the gteater the lightintensity. Hence, the higher the amount ofoxygen gas released in the boiling tube, thehigher the rate ofphotosynthesis.

(c) (t

(ir)

Paper 3

r (a)

a

, ,ot * ",r, '.ou

f , * ; ! , . 1 ' f " r

(e)

(f)

The higher the light intensity, the higher the rateofphotosynthesis.(t

o)

qt.s

(d)

Variable Method to handle thevariable

Manipulated variable:Light intensity

Responding variable:Tbtal number ofbubbles released in 5minutes.

Constant variable:The concentrationofsodium hydrogencarbonate solution/the concentrationofdissolved carbondioxide, durationofexposure to lightsource.

Manipulates the variable byusing different distance betweenlight source and, Hydrilla sp.Light intensity

Observes the responding variableby counting the total number ofbubbles released in 5 minutes inthe boiling tube.

Sets the constant variables bymaintaining the volume andthe concentration of sodiumhydrogen carbonated solution,the duration of exposure to lightsource.

Material Apparatus

2% sodiumhydrogencarbonate solution,Hyd,rilla sp.

Boi l ingtube,6Wbulb,retort stand, ruler, paperclip

Distance betweenlight source and

Hyd.rilld ep.

lbtal number ofbubbles released in

5 minutes

60cm 10*

50cfi * t2*

i1 {j &.BS Il ,1, :1*

' r . r Sbcn ' ' : i , . ,Zd*

Distancebetween light

sourceandHydrilla sp.

Light intensity

Total numberofbubbles

released in 5minutes

60cm50cm40cm30cm

0.0170.0200.0250.033

1072L520

t i' ;ail *l;'

(g) The higher the light intensity, the higher.the totalnumber of bubbles released.

(h) When the number of'Hydrilla sp. sprig is increased,the total number of bubbles released in 5 minutesbecomes higher/twice because the higher the

- number of Hydrilla sp. sprig, the higher the rate ofphotosynthesis.

(t The rate of photosynthesis increases with theincrease of the light intensitY.

Problem statement:How does temperature affect the rate of anaerobicrespiration in yeast?

Aim of investigation:Tb investigate the effect of tbmperature on the rate of

anaerobic respiration in yeast.

Hypothesis:The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is optimal ata temperature of 37'C,

Variables:Manipulated: TemperatureResponding: Height of coloured liquid in 15"

manometer.Constant: Volume of yeast suspension, pH,

light intensity and time taken.

List of apparatus and materials: '

Boiling tubes, glass tubes, clips, rubber stoppers, rubbertubings, retort stands, manometer tubes, strings,measuring cylinders, stopwatches, thermometers, ruler,yeast, suspension (4g of yeast in 100 cms of glucose

solution), and coloured liquid

Technique used:Measure the different heights of coloured liquid in the

manometers with a ruler.

Method:1. 5 boiling tribes are labelledA, B, C, D and E.

2. 15 ms of yeast suspension is poured in tube each

boiling tubes.3. 5 apparatus as shownindiagrambelowis setup.

Rubbertubing

Glass-tube

Boilingtube Initial height

of liquidcontainingyeastsuspension 'coloured liquid

4. The boiling tubes are placed into water bath withtemperatures set as follows.

Boiling tubeA: 10"C.Boiling tube Bt,20"CBoilingtube C: 37"CBciiling tube D: 50"CBoiling tube E: 70"C

5. The stopwatchis activated.6. The height of coloured liquid in the manometer is

measured after 10 minutes.7. Ttre dataobtainedarerecordedinatable.

Data:

Boilingwater

Temperature('c)

Height of colouredliquid inthe

manometer(cm)

ABCDE

1020375070

* Conclusion:' The rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast is

optimal at a temperature of 37oC. The hypothesisis accepted.

Rubber stopper

HAK HTILIKMAKM,AL SATNS