Spt Injury

5/24/2018 Spt Injury

1/22

Sports Injury

Prevention


2/22

Pencegahan

Kecederaan

Sukan


3/22

Causative Factors in Injury

Categories: intrinsic and extrinsic Intrinsic factors include: age, gender, body size,

injury history, fitness level, muscle strength

(including ratios), skill level, etc.

Extrinsic factors include: equipment,environment, type of activity, conditioning errors,

etc.

faulty equipment, dangerous facilities, etc.


4/22

Faktor Kecederaan

Kategori: intrinsik and ekstrinsik Faktor intrinsik termasuk : umur, jantina, saiz

badan, sejarah kecederaan, tahap kecergasan,

kekuatan otot, tahap kemahiran, dll.

Faktor ekstrinsik termasuk : peralatan,persekitaran, jenis aktiviti, kesilapan suaian, dll.

Alatann yang usang, kemudahan yang bahaya,

dll


5/22

PPEs

Historically known as annual physical,

physical exam, and preparticipation

medical evaluation

primary purpose - identify pre-existing injuryrisk factors/diseases

spina bifida occulta, absence of one of paired

organs, postural problems, high blood

pressure, cardiac defects, allergies, skin

infection


6/22

Pemeriksaan Perubatan

Fizikal Tahunan, Ujian Fizikal, &

Penilaian Perubatan sebelum AmbilBahagian

Tujuan utamakesan sebarang faktor/ penyakit

risiko terhadap kecederaan lama

spina bifida occulta, kekurangan satu organpasangan, maslah postur, tekanan darah tinggi,

masalah kardiak, aalahan, penyakit kulit.


7/22

Preseason Conditioning

Level of fitness: cardio-respiratory, muscular

strength and endurance, flexibility, nutrition,body composition

Periodization -- organization of training into

cyclic structure; manipulates frequency,

intensity, duration; helps prevent training

related injury


8/22

Penyesuaian Pra Musin

Tahap Kecergasan : kardio-respiratori,

kekuatan otot & daya tahan, fleksibiliti,nutrisi, komposisi tubuh badan

Periodisasimengurus latihan mejadi

struktur kitaran ; manipulasi kekerapan,

intensiti, durasi; bantu elak kecederaan

berkaitan latihan


9/22

Preseason Conditioning

Most programs - 1

year

macrocycle mesocycle

microcycle -

transition phase


10/22

Penyesuaian Pra Musim

Kebanyakan

program - 1 Tahun

macrocycle mesocycle

microcycle -

Fasa transisi


11/22

Mesocycle

Within Macrocycle is a series of mesocyc les

Each mesocycle has a designated purpose

#1. Transition period

from last competition until off season work

outs begin

time to let injuries heal let the body rest (vacation)

physically

psychologically

Activity is unstructured & recreational (fun)


12/22

# 2 Preparatory Period

Non Sport Specific

General Conditioning & Strength Training Build a base of power/endurance

Preseason

Workouts become sport specific & volume decreased

Purpose is to prepare for actual season

# 3 Competition Period

In Season

Skill Training

work on specific plays, scouting ect.

establish microcycles during week


13/22

Principles of Conditioning

Warm up/cool down Purpose: help prevent injuries, muscle

soreness, and may improve performance

Physiological effects of warm up

increase muscle temperature increase muscle elasticity of muscle

decreased viscosity of muscle

Elements of warm up

2-3 minutes of general body exercise (jogging,bicycle)

stretching (specific to activity)

Continued warm up with sport specific activities (15

minutes)

Should not wait more than 15 min between w.u. &activity


14/22

Cooldown

Following activity

less soreness faster recovery

Principles (continued)

Motivation

Overload

SAID principle

specific adaptations to imposed demands

Can over train, stress too much

Consistency

Progression

increasing the intensity


15/22

Intensity

working hard vs. working long

tired athlete is prone to injury

Specificity

strength, power, cardio endurance

Individuality

Every athlete is different Minimize Stress

outside stress in athletes lives

Safety

proper techniques, rest & recovery


16/22

Conditioning

Aerobic Fitness

Continuous activities with a duration in excessof a minute

Aerobic Fitness important to avoid injuries

related to general fatigue

Fatigue can gave a detrimental effect onmuscle strength, reaction time, agility, and

neuromuscular coordination


17/22

Aktiviti Suaian

Kecergasan Aerobik

Aktiviti yang berterusan dengan durasi lebihdari satu minit

Kecergasan Aerobik penting untuk mengelak

kecederaan yang berkaitan dengan keletihan

Kelesuan/ keletihan boleh memberi kesankepada kekuatan ototo, masa tindak balas,

ketangkasan & kordinasi neuromaskular


18/22

Conditioning

Muscular strength & endurance - researchtells us: increased connective tissue strength

increased skeletal bone density

improved strength ratios

increased muscular endurance


19/22

Conditioning

Flexibility defined as ROM in a given joint or

combination of joints

Factors that effect flexibiliy

tissue temperature

bone structure

tissue mass

Age

gender


20/22

Stretching

Stretching Techniques Ballistic Stretching

bouncing movement

can cause injury

if force is greater than muscles extensibility Muscle will fire to slow motion (eccentric)

sports specific ballistic stretching kicking soccer ball

hurdling

Static Stretching safe, traditional stretching technique

place joint in maximal stretch and hold

Hold static stretch from 12 - 30 seconds


21/22

Modification of Intrinsic Risk Factors

Many such factors can be modified with aconditioning program.

General & sports specific conditioning:

general -- aerobic fitness, muscle strength,

muscle endurance, flexibility, body comp.,

etc.

sports specific -- all aspects of the particular

sport that are unique


22/22

Modification of Extrinsic Risk Factors

Coaching personnel and administrators MUST monitorthese factors.

Practice/game environmental conditions -- heat &humidity

Facilities MUST be designed & maintained properly andfrequently inspected.

Indoor facilities -- lighting, playing surfaces, roomdimensions

Protective equipment -- helmets, shoulder pads, etc.

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