St. Marks PowderSt. Marks Powder

St. Marks PowderSt. Marks Powder

HYBRID Propellant for HYBRID Propellant for Small, Medium and Large Small, Medium and Large

Caliber ApplicationsCaliber Applications

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AgendaAgenda

Plant OverviewPlant Overview HYBRID Propellant TechnologyHYBRID Propellant Technology Small Caliber ApplicationsSmall Caliber Applications Medium Caliber ApplicationsMedium Caliber Applications Large Caliber ApplicationsLarge Caliber Applications SummarySummary

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St. Marks PowderSt. Marks PowderProducing Propellant Since 1970Producing Propellant Since 1970

• 1974 acres, 137 buildings, 6.5 miles of roads

• Propellant production

> 150 products

Product mix 50% Military & 50% Commercial

Largest producer of military and commercial small arms propellant in the U.S.

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PERFORATED • DETERRED

Ultimate ballistic efficiency

achieved by combining

perforated geometry with burn

rate modifiers (deterrents)

Illustration of a propellant grain cross section

HYBRID Gun PropellantNew From St. Marks Powder

Deterrent Layer - applied to tailor the burn rate for specific applications to optimize ballistic efficiency

HIGH PERFORMANCE - Optimum burn progressivity

- High loading densities

COOL BURNING - Low erosion & low flash

ECONOMICAL - Modified conventional process and ingredients

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Single Perf for reduced barrel Single Perf for reduced barrel wear (cooler burning)wear (cooler burning)

HYBRID Propellant is Manufactured in Single, Seven, and Nineteen Perf Geometries for Application Flexibility

Seven Perf for higher energy Seven Perf for higher energy performance (less deterrent)performance (less deterrent)

Nineteen Perf for greatest Nineteen Perf for greatest bed permeabilitybed permeability

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HYBRID PROPELLANTS ARE PROCESSED UNDERWATER IN

A SAFE, ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

MANNER - THEY UTILIZE CONVENTIONAL PROPELLANT

INGREDIENTS: NITROCELLULOSE AND NITROGLYCERINE

Manufacturing ProcessManufacturing Process

ECONOMICAL

SAFE

ENVIRONMENTALLYFRIENDLY

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HYBRID Propellant for Small Caliber HYBRID Propellant for Small Caliber ApplicationsApplications

Due to its progressive geometry and Due to its progressive geometry and chemistry, HYBRID propellants are ideal for chemistry, HYBRID propellants are ideal for small caliber rifle applicationssmall caliber rifle applicationsDemonstrated 10% charge weight reduction in Demonstrated 10% charge weight reduction in

centerfire rifle applications with excellent centerfire rifle applications with excellent temperature sensitivitytemperature sensitivity

Great for long range sniper applications Great for long range sniper applications

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HYBRID Propellant for Medium HYBRID Propellant for Medium Caliber ApplicationsCaliber Applications

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St. Marks Powder HYBRID PropellantSt. Marks Powder HYBRID PropellantSuper 40MM Air Burst Test Summary:Super 40MM Air Burst Test Summary: Target Velocity = 1050 mps at P+3SD< 480 MPaTarget Velocity = 1050 mps at P+3SD< 480 MPa

Temp Velocity Pressure Action TimeTemp Velocity Pressure Action Time

+70º F 1049 mps 399 MPa 4.13 ms +70º F 1049 mps 399 MPa 4.13 ms 2 2 2 2+145º F 1046 mps 402 MPa 4.08 ms +145º F 1046 mps 402 MPa 4.08 ms 3 6 3 6 - 40º F 1037 mps 390 MPa 4.30 ms - 40º F 1037 mps 390 MPa 4.30 ms

7 17 7 17 Achieved the same velocity as the 30mm GAU-8/A (same envelope) with a Achieved the same velocity as the 30mm GAU-8/A (same envelope) with a 675g 40m projectile compared to the standard 367g 30mm projectile675g 40m projectile compared to the standard 367g 30mm projectile

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40mm AB Pressure-Time Trace 40mm AB Pressure-Time Trace

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

-750 -250 250 750 1250 1750 2250 2750 3250

70F

145F

-40F

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Increased Muzzle Energy through Increased Muzzle Energy through CompactionCompaction

HYBRID propellants are plastic in nature and HYBRID propellants are plastic in nature and compressiblecompressible. Through the utilization of High . Through the utilization of High Density Propelling Charge Technology (HDPC) Density Propelling Charge Technology (HDPC) the charge weight was increased by 30% over the charge weight was increased by 30% over loose loaded propellant.loose loaded propellant.

Benefits of compacted propellant versus optimal Benefits of compacted propellant versus optimal loose HYBRID propellantloose HYBRID propellant22% increase in muzzle energy22% increase in muzzle energyLower Flame Temperature (50°K)Lower Flame Temperature (50°K)Improved Temperature PerformanceImproved Temperature Performance

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HYBRID Propellants for Large Caliber HYBRID Propellants for Large Caliber ApplicationsApplications

HYBRID Propellants can be produced with HYBRID Propellants can be produced with flame temperatures ranging from 2,000°K flame temperatures ranging from 2,000°K (Impetus = 800 j/g) to 3,500°K (Impetus = (Impetus = 800 j/g) to 3,500°K (Impetus = 1150 j/g) for a variety of applications1150 j/g) for a variety of applications

Multi-Perf, high energy formulations are ideal Multi-Perf, high energy formulations are ideal for advanced KE, direct fire ammunitionfor advanced KE, direct fire ammunition

Low Flame Temperature HYBRID propellants Low Flame Temperature HYBRID propellants provide exceptional ballistic performance and provide exceptional ballistic performance and extended barrel life for high cyclic rate Army extended barrel life for high cyclic rate Army and Navy indirect fire applications and Navy indirect fire applications

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105mm M900 HYBRID DemonstrationApril ’02 @YPG

Demonstrated Velocity Increase

7 Perf HYBRID + 60.0 Meters/Second

3 Round Std. Dev. = 1.6 M/S

Baseline Propellant 3 Round Std. Dev. = 9.9 M/S

Large Caliber Test Results

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HYBRID Propellant for FCS

Applications

HYBRID PropellantThe New Technology Provides:

The highest possible muzzle velocity for Maximum Range

A Lower Flame Temperature for Extended Barrel Life and No Muzzle Flash in most applications

Environmentally friendly domestically produced raw materials

Low Cost Conventional Ingredients Applicable to the full spectrum of envisioned Precision Guided

Munitions (PGMs) and related propulsion systems.