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The Noble Gases
Elements in Group 8 This means they have 8 valence electrons
(He has 2) There outermost electron shells are full. (He is still full) This is called a stable octet
Full outershells = NO REACTION!
Stable Octets
All other elements want to achieve stable octets.
They want to BE like a Noble Gas.
The Noble Gases are happy all by themselves, and the other elements want to be like this
To do this the elements must either GIVE electrons or TAKE electrons.
Charged Ions
If an element GIVES away electrons, it will become positively charged. Why?
If an element TAKES electrons, it will become negatively charged. Why?
The Pool Analogy
Your job is to clean pools. You must either completely fill or completely empty each pool. You have the choice.
The pool will already have a level of water in it. Level 0 to 8.
The pool is divided into 8 sections. To get the most pools empty or full, what are you going to do?
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Who Gives and Who Takes?
Elements with 4 or less valence electrons will GIVE their electrons away.
Elements with 5 or more valence electrons will TAKE electrons.
Question: If I am Calcium and I give away 2 electrons, will I have more electrons or more protons? What does this mean?
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Cations and Anions
An ion is an atom that has a charge.
To GIVE away electrons= positive charge – CATION
To TAKE electrons= negative charge– ANION
WHMIS
A: Compressed Gas B: Combustible Material C: Oxidizing Material
D1: Seriously Toxic D2: Other Toxic D3: Biohazardous
E: Corrosive Material F: Reactive Material
Classes Definition Examples
A Compressed gases Products held under pressure OxygenPropane
B Flammable and combustible materials B1 Flammable gases B2 Flammable liquids B3 Combustible liquids B4 Flammable solids B5 Flammable aerosols B6 Reactive flammable materials
Products that will burn or catch on fire easily PropaneAcetoneKeroseneMagnesiumSodium
C Oxidizing materials Products that can cause or promote combustion of another material (whether or not they are themselves combustible) or products that are organic peroxides
Hydrogen peroxide
Nitric acid
D1 Materials causing immediate and serious toxic effects
Products that can rapidly cause harmful health effects, including death Carbon monoxide
Phenol
D2 Materials causing other toxic effects
Products whose health effects generally appear over time following one or several exposures
BenzeneDiisocyanatesLead
D3 Biohazardous infectious materials
Living organisms or their toxins that can cause disease in people or animals
AIDS virusHepatitis B virusRabies virus
E Corrosive materials Products that can corrode metal surfaces or cause burns to skin Caustic sodaHydrochloric acidBleach
F Dangerously reactive materials
Products that can be health or safety hazards under certain conditons (pressure, temperature, impact, violent reaction with water or air)
FluorineHydrogen cyanideB-Chloroprene
Safety Assignment
Due This Friday- Feb 27!!
You will create a scenario in which there is a question of safety in the lab. You will ask the reader a question about the story created, and you will answer it using the proper safety rules discussed.
Can be a written story, comic strip, cartoon etc. BE IMAGINATIVE!