dwzwy-Jan-2006

STANDARD & GUIDELINES

1. Old Dutch2. New Dutch3. Kelly4. ICRCL

• Soil and groundwater pollution in the past has not been identified as key environmental issue in Malaysia.

• Currently there is no specific law to deal with soil and groundwater contamination.

• Malaysia doesn’t have its own soil and groundwater quality standard.

Geo-Environmental Engineering 2008 :: Kyoto University, Japan :: June 12-14, 2008

Introduction

Environmental Quality Act 1974 (Act 127)

The Environmental Quality Act 1974 came in to force since 1975. However, there is no specific regulation with respect to soil and groundwater contamination.

Geo-Environmental Engineering 2008 :: Kyoto University, Japan :: June 12-14, 2008

MANAGEMENT FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION

Geo-Environmental Engineering 2008 :: Kyoto University, Japan :: June 12-14, 2008

Transfer of responsibility from local authorities to the Department of National Solid Waste Management in the Ministry of Housing and Local Environment

Technical guideline #1 Technical guideline #2

Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Act 2007

1. SIRIM BHD – ASTM, New Zealand, etc; head by Dr Tadza (Agensi Nuklear Malaysia)– GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING EARLY ACTION FOR SITE

REMEDIATION - DMS 07z008r0 ( Project 1- completed and under MS publication stage )

– PRACTICE FOR ASSESSMENT OF ATTAINING CLEAN UP LEVEL FOR SITE CLOSURE - DMS 07z031r0 (Project 2 - under Public Comment stage for 2 months ( 1 Jun 08- 31 July 08) )

2. Department of Environment, DOE (consultant - ENSR Asia) – Pn Hanili, DOE. – A Study on Criteria and Standard for Managing and Restoring Contaminated

Land in Malaysia– Status: In progress (expected date line: December 2008)

Geo-Environmental Engineering 2008 :: Kyoto University, Japan :: June 12-14, 2008

NEW MALAYSIAN STANDARD FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED LAND

6

BROWNFIELD ASIA 2008 ::21 – 23 October 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ,

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Regulations / Standards / Guidelines

Country Standards/Guidelines

United Kingdom a) The Interdepartmental Committee on the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land, ICRCL -- 1976

b) The Dutch List (initially known as the "A B C List" but now modified to the New Dutch List)

c) The Kelley Indices (Gasworks)Australia The Environment Protection & Heritage Council

a draft National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM) for contaminated land management (9 volumes)

Netherlands Soil Protection Act [Wet bodembescherming] (WBB) 1996

USA CERCLA or Superfund: Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation, and Liability ActASTM - American Society for Testing Materials

MALAYSIA Belum ada !!; Sedang diusahakan oleh DOE & SIRIM

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ICRCLThe committee published comprehensive guidance documents

on:

• The development and after use of landfill sites - ICRCL 17/78 • The redevelopment of gasworks sites - ICRCL 18/79 • The redevelopment of sewage works and farms - ICRCL 23/79 • The redevelopment of scrap yards and similar sites - ICRCL 42/80 • The assessment and redevelopment of contaminated land - ICRCL

59/83 • Fire hazards of contaminated land - ICRCL 61/84 • Asbestos on contaminated sites - ICRCL 64/85 • The restoration and aftercare of metalliferous mining sites for

pasture and grazing - ICRCL 70/90

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ICRCL 59/83 Trigger Concentrations

• Group A - Contaminants that may pose hazards to health

• Group B – Phytotoxic contaminants - but not normally hazardous to health

• Group C - Organic contaminants

ICRCL 59/83 (The Interdepartmental Committee on the Redevelopment of Contaminated Land)

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Contaminant Planned Use Trigger Values(mg / kg air-dried soil)

Group A (may pose hazards to health) Threshold Action*

Arsenic Domestic gardens, allotments 10 -Parks, playing fields, open space 40 -

Cadmium Domestic gardens, allotments 3 -Parks, playing fields, open space 15 -

Chromium(hexavalent)

Domestic gardens, allotments 25 -Parks, playing fields, open space No Limit No Limit

Chromium (total)

Domestic gardens, allotments 600 -Parks, playing fields, open space 1,000 -

Lead Domestic gardens, allotments 500 -Parks, playing fields, open space 2,000 -

Mercury Domestic gardens, allotments 1 -Parks, playing fields, open space 20 -

Selenium Domestic gardens, allotments 3 -Parks, playing fields, open space 6 -

ICRCL

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POSSIBLE ACTION VALUES FOR ICRCL METALSThe following are possible action values* for the ICRCL metals in high risk use classes. These are based on the mean of similar values from several other countries. They are merely examples and actual concentrations used in practice should be based on site specific circumstances taking into consideration soil type, proposed end use and sensitivity of recognised targets.

Contaminant Value* mg/kgArsenic 69

Cadmium 15Chromium 664

Lead 813Mercury 10Selenium 17

Boron 100Copper 423Nickel 376Zinc 1665

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Contaminant Planned Use Trigger Values(mg / kg air-dried soil)

Group B (Phytotoxic - but not normally hazardous to health)

Threshold Action*

Boron(water-soluble)

Any uses where plants are grown 3 -

Copper Any uses where plants are grown 130 -

Nickel Any uses where plants are grown 70 -

Zinc Any uses where plants are grown 300 -

ICRCL

NOTES:

* Action concentration will be specified in the next edition of ICRCL 59/83 - [suggested levels below]

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Contaminant Planned Use Trigger Values(mg / kg air-dried soil)

Group C - (Organic contaminants) Threshold Action

Polyaromatichydrocarbons

Domestic gardens, allotments, play areas 50 500 Landscaped areas, buildings, hard cover 1,000 10,000

Phenols Domestic gardens, allotments, 5 200 Landscaped areas, buildings, hard cover 5 1,000

Cyanide (free)

Domestic gardens, allotments, landscaped areas 25 500

Buildings, hard cover 100 500 Cyanide

(complex)Domestic gardens, allotments 250 1,000 Landscaped areas 250 5,000 Buildings, hard cover 250 No Limit

Thiocyanate All proposed uses 50 No Limit Sulphate Domestic gardens, allotments, landscaped

areas 2,000 10,000

Buildings 2,000 50,000 Hard cover 2,000 No Limit

Sulphide All proposed uses 250 1,000 Sulphur All proposed uses 5,000 20,000 Acidity Domestic gardens, allotments, landscaped

areas pH<5 pH<3

ICRCL

dwzwy-Jan-2006

A B C List (old dutch)

A B C List (old dutch)

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The New DutchlistContaminant Soil Sediment

(mg/kg dry weight) Groundwater

(µg/l)

MetalsOptimum

(TargetValue)

Action(Intervention

Value)

Optimum(TargetValue)

Action(Intervention

Value)

Arsenic 29 55 10 60 Barium 200 625 50 625 Cadmium 0.8 12 0.4 6 Chromium 100 380 1 30 Cobalt 20 240 20 100 Copper 36 190 15 75 Lead 85 530 15 75 Molybdenum 10 200 5 300 Nickel 35 210 15 75 Mercury 0.3 10 0.05 0.3 Zinc 140 720 65 800

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Contaminant Soil Sediment(mg/kg dry weight)

Groundwater(µg/l)

Cyanides optimum action optimum action

Free 1 20 5 1500

Complex (pH<5) 5 650 10 1500

Complex (pH>5) 5 50 10 1500

Thiocyanate - - 20 1500

The New Dutchlist…cont

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Kelly Indices (Former GLC) Guidelines for Contaminated Soilsspecifically developed for gasworks sites in London:

Suggested Range of Values (mg/kg on air-dried soils, except for pH)

Parameter Uncontaminated Slight Contamination Contaminated Heavy

ContaminationUnusually Heavy Contamination

pH (acid) 6-7 5-6 4-5 2-4 < 2

pH (alkaline) 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-12 > 12

Antimony 0-30 30-50 50-100 100-500 > 500

Arsenic 0-30 30-50 50-100 100-500 > 500

Boron 0-2 2-5 5-50 50-250 > 250

Barium 0-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-1.0% > 1.0%

Beryllium 0-5 5-10 10-20 20-50 > 50

Cadmium 0-1 1-3 3-10 10-50 > 50

Chromium 0-100 100-200 200-50 500-2500 > 2500

Copper 0-100 100-200 200-500 500-2500 > 2500

Cyanide (free) 0-1 1-5 5-50 50-100 > 100

Cyanide 0-5 5-25 25-250 250-500 > 500

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Ferricyanide 0-100 100-500 500-1000 1000-5000 > 5000

Lead 0-500 500-1000 1000-2000 200-10,000 > 10,000

Lead (available) 0-200 200-500 500-1000 1000-5000 > 5000

Mercury 0-1 1-3 3-10 10-50 > 50

Manganese 0-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-10,000 > 10,000

Magnesium 0-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-1.0% > 1.0%

Nickel (available) 0-20 20-50 50-200 200-1000 > 1000

PAHs (Coal Tar) 0-500 500-1000 1000-2000 2000-1.0% > 1.0%

Phenol 0-2 2-5 5-50 50-250 > 250

Selenium 0-1 1-3 3-10 10-50 > 50

Sulphate 0-2000 2000-5000 5000-1.0% 1.0%-5.0% > 5.0%

Sulphur (free) 0-100 100-500 500-1000 1000-5000 > 5000

Sulphide 0-10 10-20 20-100 100-500 > 500

Thiocyanate 0-10 10-50 50-100 100-500 > 500

Toluene extract 0-5000 5000-1.0% 1.0-5.0% 5.0-25.0% > 25.0%

Vanadium 0-100 100-200 200-500 500-2500 > 2500

Zinc (available) 0-250 250-500 500-1000 1000-5000 > 5000

Zinc (equivalent) 0-250 250-500 500-2000 2000-1.0% > 1.0%

Parameter Uncontaminated Slight Contamination Contaminated Heavy Contamination Unusually Heavy Contamination

Kelly Indices (Former GLC)…cont

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British Standard

Title Organization Year

BS 10175: Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites: Code of Practice

BSI 2001

BS 5930: Code of Practice for Site Investigations BSI 1999BS 6068-6.11:1993/ ISO 5667-11:1993 - Water Quality, Part 6: Sampling - Section 6.11 Guidance on Sampling of Groundwaters

BSI 1993

BS 6068-6.18:2001/ ISO 5667-18:2001 - Water Quality - Sampling, Part 18: Guidance on Sampling of Groundwater at Contaminated Sites

BSI 2000

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Target values and intervention values for soil remediation(Netherlands)

22/83

Australia (draft)

The end