SAFIRE

S STELLARA ATMOSPHERICF FUNCTIONI INR REGULATIONE EXPERIMENT

THE SAFIRE PROJECTPhase One: Examines contemporary plausible stellar atmospheric

process concepts: Gravitational and Electric process capability and

concept viability to determine if a design of experiments method is applicable. (first paper)

Phase Two:   Examination of the Electric Sun concept, Prior

Experiments and Observations.

THE SAFIRE PROJECTPhase Three:   Quantify stellar atmospheric function in mathematical terms.

Challenges Experimental limitations Design FMEA of equation

Phase Four: Examine experimental options, plausibility, feasibility, viability,

and capability. Evaluation of prior experiments to determine if they are viable

candidates. Determine if prior experiments require augmentation to

thoroughly test the hypothesis. Evaluation of contemporary metrological capabilities and

determine if an experiment is feasible. Design FMEA

THE SAFIRE PROJECTPhase Five: Engineering, design and construction of the

experimental SOLELLUS apparatus.

Phase Six: Execution of the experiment using design of

experiments methods.

Phase Seven: Evaluation and reconciliation of test results to

mathematical predictions and real solar data.

STELLAR PROCESS CAPABILITY

1-3 SOLAR MASSES ARE BORN EACH YEARAND

1-3 SUPER NOVA OCCUR EACH YEAR

This means only 0.0001 PER MILLIONStars change from the norm in our Galaxy

Per Year

HERTZSPRUNG - RUSSELL

Standard Low

Standard High

1,00

0,00

0 S

TE

LLA

R

SA

MP

LES

0.0001Stars in a Million Deviate Outside the Norm

Standard 6 sigma 1- 1,000,000

STELLAR CANDIDATES

NUCLEAR CONCEPTThe nuclear concept is based on a gravitational model by which elements are compressed to such a state that nuclear reactions and fusion occurs in the core of the star and as a result of complex processing within the star, we see stable luminosity, spectrum, and thermal differentials.

ELECTRIC CONCEPTThe electric universe concept claims that luminosity, spectrum and thermal differentials are the result of intense plasma discharge behavior beginning in the diffuse corona and terminating in the denser solar ionosphere.

CORONA 2,000,000 KPHOTOSPHERE 6000 K

SOLAR SPICULES

NASA - Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA)

TERRELLA SPICULES

TERRELLA SPICULES Kristian Birkeland -

“If the globe is slightly magnetized, the patches of eruption are seen to arrange themselves in zones, with long pencils issuing into space, almost as in (fig. 249 original text) - Fig. 4 ;

only these pencils are bent by the magnetism, which is exactly analogous to what we have assumed regarding the cathode-rays issuing from the sun. greatly resembles the black filaments on the sun, studied by Hale, Ellerman, Fox, Evershed, Deslandres, and 'Azambuja.”Kristian Birkeland - Chapter VI. On Possible Electric Phenomena in Solar Systems and Nebulae

TERRELLA SPICULES

TERRELLA SPICULES Kristian Birkeland - Chapter VI. On Possible

Electric Phenomena in Solar Systems and Nebulae

“(Fig. 253 original text) shows how a branch of discharge issuing from the spots sometimes follows the magnetic lines of force in the neighbourhood of the equator, giving rise to a phenomenon which greatly resembles the black filaments on the sun, studied by Hale, Ellerman, Fox, Evershed, Deslandres, and D'Azambuja.”

- NASA Marshal Space Flight Center – David Hathaway - SOHO Differential Rotation of the Sun, plus complicated motion of the surface (red=fast, blue=slow), plus internal convection

SUPER GRANULAE SUPER ROTATION

- Electric Sky – Primary and Secondary Electric Current in the Sun. Dr. Donald Scott

SUPER GRANULAE SUPER ROTATION

ULTRAVIOLET IMAGE SOLAR EQUATORIAL PLASMA DONUT

ABOVE LEFT – EQUATORIAL VIEW OF THE ENCIRCLING ‘PLASMA DONUT’ OF THE SUN.

ABOVE RIGHT IS A POLAR VIEW SHOWING MORE CLEARLY THE ‘PLASMA DONUT’

esa /nasa, soho

ABOVE LEFT – EQUATORIAL VIEW OF THE ENCIRCLING ‘PLASMA DONUT’ OF A TERRELLA.

ABOVE RIGHT IS A POLAR VIEW SHOWING MORE CLEARLY THE ‘PLASMA DONUT’

- QUINN & FIORITO – MARCH 1967

TERRELLA EQUATORIAL PLASMA DONUT

SUN SPOTS

SST, ROYAL Swedish Academy of Sciences

SOLAR BIRKELAND CURRENTS

CORONAL MASS EJECTION SHOWING A TWISTING BIRKELAND CURRENT – SOHO – LASCO – EIT, ESA NASA.

TERRELLA BIRKELAND CURRENTS

ABOVE IS A “STREAMER” FROM A TERRELLA EXPERIMENT BY - QUINN & FIORITO – MARCH 1967

NEAR SIMULTANEOUS STELLAR ARCING / SYMPATHETIC FLARES

Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) This image serves as a background for magnetic field lines emerged onto the Sun. SDO-AIA

NEAR SIMULTANEOUS STELLAR ARCING / SYMPATHETIC FLARES

“These discharges from opposite points (this is not clearly seen in (fig. 250 – original text) see Fig. 14, however brought to my mind a very strange picture of some enormous eruptions on the Sun (see fig. 251), reproduced from "Marvels of the Universe“

KRISTIAN BIRKELAND - On Possible Electric Phenomena in Solar Systems and Nebulae

NEAR SIMULTANEOUS STELLAR ARCING / SYMPATHETIC FLARES

"Marvels of the Universe". On June 26th, 1885, M. TROUVELOT

SAFIRE RESULT EXPECTATIONS Ion acceleration (stellar wind) can be expected.

Stellar coronal mass ejections are a normal characteristic of this process of plasma discharge upon matter.

Stellar photosphere tufting (granulation) can be expected.

Stellar photospheric nuclear fusion vortices within the photospheric tufts could be expected.

A stellar photosphere cooler than the corona can be expected.

Photospheric stability in contrast at higher elevations and higher frequencies should be replicable in this model and is a natural result of “double layers” formed in the stellar discharge with instability at higher frequencies.

SAFIRE RESULT EXPECTATIONS Cyclic magnetic variation results from a varying direct current electrical supply to a star.

The Charged (quasi-neutral) plasma interacting with a positively charged body will exhibit the same characteristics regardless of stellar material.

Rotation of the equatorial torus around a stellar body will be responsible for super rotation of the equatorial atmosphere.

Solar activity cycles result from a varying direct current electrical supply.

Sunspots and their complex behavior are due to a varying plasma discharge to a magnetized body.

Simultaneous arc generation at two different points can be expected.

SAFIRE