STANDARD WHII.4c

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by

c) explaining migration, settlement patterns, cultural diffusion, and social classes in the colonized areas.

WARM UP

Use your notes

List five people who came to the Americas and explored during the “Age of Exploration”.

Essential Understandings

Europeans migrated to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns.

Europeans established trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia.

World-wide exploration led to many changes in the world…

Affects In the Americas

Many European nations claimed territory in the Americas…

Many people migrated to the New World

Many colonies imitated the culture and social patterns of their parent countries

Affects In the Americas

Latin America (Caribbean and South America) had a rigid class system and dictatorial rule (strong leader ruling harshly)

Affects In the Americas

Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”

Affects In the Americas

Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”

Encomienda

Large plantation or ranch

Affects In the Americas

Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”

Encomienda

Large plantation or ranch

Affects In the Americas

Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”

Native Americans were used as slaves

When many of them died from diseases, Africans were forcibly imported

Affects In the Americas

This was called the “Encomienda System”

It ended in a very rigid class system based on where you were born and who your parents were

Affects In the Americas

This system ended in a very rigid class system based on where you were born and who your parents were

Affects In the Americas

Peninsulares – Person

born in Spain and living in the New World

Affects In the Americas

Creole – Person with Spanish born parents, but

born in the New World

Affects In the Americas

Mestizo – Person born with mixed European and Native

American ancestry Mulatto – Person born with

mixed European and African ancestry

Affects In the Americas

Mostly slaves of the New World

After the defeat of the Aztec and Inca, Spain and Portugal both begin claiming land in South America

In some cases, they both claim the same land as their own!

Treaty of Tordesillas –

Spain and Portugal agree to divide the land at the 46°W

Spain got all the land to the West

Portugal got all the land to the East

Spain also claims land in most of the Caribbean, Central America, and the Southwestern portion of North America

They also control Florida

Spain had more land in the New World than any other European country!

England claims most of the East Coast of North America and some land in Canada

France claimed much of Canada and a large portion of land surrounding the Mississippi River

The Netherlands (the Dutch) own New York and a small piece of South America

Affects In Africa

Europeans established many trading posts along the coast of Africa

Most of Africa is taken as colonies by Europe

Affects In Africa

Only Ethiopia remained independent!

Affects In Africa

Europe then begins to take most of the available resources

This includes gold and diamonds!

Affects In Africa

Europe then begins to take most of the available resources

This includes gold and diamonds!

Many Africans are captured and sold into slavery

Affects in Asia

Small groups of merchants begin to Colonize parts of Asia (India, the Indies, China)

They are establishing trade outposts

Affects in Asia

Soon, large trading companies from European nations began to take over

This greatly influenced Asia

Britain – India and Indonesia

Russia – northern

China

French – Southeast

Asia

Dutch (Netherlands) – Indonesia

Essential Questions

What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?

STANDARD WHII.4d

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by

d) describing the Columbian Exchange, including its impact on native populations.

Essential Understandings

The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Trade between the Americas and the Old World became known as the Columbian Exchange, named after Christopher Columbus

Columbian Exchange

New items are being introduced on BOTH sides of the Atlantic Ocean

Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange - A system of trade begun by Columbus

Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange

A wide spread system of trade begun by Columbus exchanging many new foods, products, and culture between the Old World and the New World

Columbian Exchange

Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!

Columbian Exchange

Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!

European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.

Columbian Exchange

Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!

European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.

European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians. The natives had no immunity!

Columbian Exchange

Disease –

9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas

Columbian Exchange

Disease –

9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas

This was because of disease

Columbian Exchange

Lord Jeffrey Amherst

1763 – set out to wipe out a group of Native Americans in Ohio

He had his troops deliver blankets infected with smallpox to the tribes!

Columbian Exchange

Disease –

9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas

Because of disease, Native Americans were not suitable as a labor force.

Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”

Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”

Plantation System

Huge farms which grew one specific cash crop for sell

Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”

Cash Crop

A single agricultural crop grown to sell and make large amounts of money

The Plantation System required large amounts of labor

It couldn’t be the Native Americans

The Plantation System required large amounts of labor

It couldn’t be the Native Americans

The settlers chose Africans as their new labor force!

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to

the use of African slaves.

Impact of the Columbian Exchange

European plantation system in the Caribbean

and the Americas destroyed indigenous

economics and damaged the environment. Native Americans were killed off and large portions of

land were cleared

Essential Questions

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?

SOL Question…

The Colombian Exchange is best explained as the –

A Exchange of South American land between Spain and Portugal

B Result of a struggle between the Spanish and the Incas

C Exchange of agricultural goods between Europe and the Americas

D Result of a conflict between South American colonies and Europe

SOL Question…

Shortly after the initial contact with Europeans,

American Indian (First American) populations began to

decrease rapidly because of —

A warfare

B famine

C disease

D genocide

SOL Question…

The Columbian Exchange introduced which of the following to Europeans?

A Corn

B Cows

C Wheat

D Horses

SOL Question…

Which choice correctly identifies a major trade pattern of the Columbian Exchange? A Cattle along arrow 1 B Coal along arrow 1 C Tobacco along arrow 2 D Horses along arrow 2

STANDARD WHII.4e, f

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by

e) mapping and explaining the triangular trade;

f) describing the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas.

Essential Understandings

The European nations established a trade pattern known as the triangular trade and exported precious metals from the Americas.

Triangular Trade

The Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Triangular Trade

Colonial trade between the American colonies, Europe, and Africa, including the exchange of goods and slaves

Triangular Trade

This was an efficient way to trade

No route was left empty

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

1. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods were traded to Africa

1

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

2. Slaves were transported to the Americas and traded for…

1

2

Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

3. Sugar, tobacco, cotton and other goods which were taken to Europe and traded for more textiles, rum, and manufactured goods!

1

2

3

Triangular Trade

The center portion of this trade was called the “Middle Passage.”

Middle Passage

The portion of the Triangular Trade in which African slaves were brought to the Americas

MIDDLE PASSAGE

Export of precious metals

Export of precious metals

Gold and silver is exported to Europe and Asia

A huge negative impact on indigenous empires of the Americas

A huge economic impact on Spain and international trade

Essential Questions

What was the triangular trade?

What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?

SOL Question…

This table describes the triangular trade between Europe, the Americas, and—

A East Asia

B West Africa

C Eastern Europe

D Southwest Asia