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Standardization Strategy of China ---- Achievements and Challenges
Wang Ping, Wang Yiyi, John HillChina’s Standards and Innovation Policy Workshop
2009-10-14 , Beijing
Contents
History and Background1
Standard Project of the MOST2
The Strategy of the government3
Achievements4
Challenges5
Conclusions 6
1. History and Background
1949
1988
1977
1964
2003
planned economy, the influence of the former Soviet Union, centralized standardization system established
Cultural Revolution Reform and Open
Standardization Law issuedFast development
entered into WTOthe project of the MOST
Strategies of the governments
“major technical standards research” program,
2. Standard Project of the MOST
guiding ideology
4 strategic orientations
strategic objectives
5 measures
“Study on the
Strategy of China’s
Technical Standards
Development”
3. The Strategy of the government
A Strategy that National Standardization Supports
National Economic Development the Outline of Eleventh Five-year Plan on the development of
Standardization, 2006, SAC
the National 11th Five-year Scientific and Technical
Development Program, the MOST
the Opinions on Implementing the Plans for Restructuring and
Revitalizing 10 Key Industries and Further Strengthening
Standardization Work (NDRC, MII,SAC)
3. The Strategy of the government (con.)
A Strategy that Sector and local Standardization
Support Independent Industrial Innovation “an independent-innovation-based standardization
strategy should be implemented” ---- by MIIT, the 11th Five-year Plan and Outline of
Medium- and Long-term (2020) Plan of the Information Industry for the Development of Science and Technology,
4. Achievements
The Overall Strength of Chinese National Standards Increased
2006-2008 the central government allocated RMB 300 million for standardization
2008, SAC approved and issued 5946 new standards national standards had totaled 22931, 3111 were
compulsory 39686 sector standards and 14142 local standards had been
registered 444 TCs and 586 SCs.
4. Achievements (con.)
Standards Play an Important Role in Supporting Industrial
Development and Independent Innovation
By the end of 2007, 184 national standards had resulted from
independently-developed technologies.
16 patent-related national standards, in which 5 were AVS
standards, 1 was a digital TV standard, 1 was an EPA system
structure and communication standard used for industrial
measurement and control systems, 3 were agriculture and food
standards, 5 were WAPI standards and 1 was a UOF standard for
Chinese-version office software.
企业的创新应当是站在巨人肩膀上的开放式创新。
Narrow closed
“independent
innovation” means
high cost, may
lead into big risk
4. Achievements (con.)
Huawei should strive for advanced technology, but only half step; 3 steps will be a loser--- Ren Zhengfei, President
1 2 3
Innovation of
enterprise should
stand on the
shoulders of giants,
mainstream its
innovation into
global major
standard system 。
Innovation of
enterprise should
be open and based
on the requirements
of clients, provide
good quality and
service, low price
Huawei’s Innovation Perspective
Huawei’s Standard Perspective
“taking ship of others out to sea”, streaming into global major standard system, strive for initiative in globalization and more opportunities,
The standardization of telecommunication industry is at high level, 90% market share is major standards. You have to mainstream into major standard system for getting more opportunities in global market.
Combine big manufacturers to integrate big standard, coordinate thousands of manufacturers to provide with good quality, low cost services.
Register international patent, protect self intellectual property right, break the barriers in international market
Respect intellectual property right of others, reach Cross License Agreements with IPR owners, e.g. Ericsson, Nokia, Siemens, Qualcomm,
Huawei’s Standard Patent Joint Strategy Persist in investing 10% of selling income into R&D per year, put 10%
of R&D investment into advanced research, standard and patent;
tracing on new technology and new fields, to ensure the required IPR
in the market competition;
Implemented standard and patent strategy, participated international
standardization, promoted independent technology into standard,
accumulated fundamental patent.
Participated in 78 international standard organizations like
ITU 、 3GPP 、 IEEE 、 IETF 、 ETSI 、 OMA, etc.
Took key positions of vice chairman of ITU-T SG11, Chairman of
3GPP SA5, Vice chairman of RAN2/CT1, vice chairman of 3GPP2 TSG-C
WG2/WG3, vice chairman of TSG-A WG2, technical group
chairman of ITU-R WP8F, submitted 2900 proposals or
documents to standard organizations in 2006
Lenovo’s Innovation and standard perspective
The basis of innovation is learning, 90% is of inheritance, own
or others’ experiences, 10% is independently innovation.
---- Yang Yuanqing, Board Chairman
Lenovo participates in domestic and international
standardization positively.
Registers hundreds of patents per year, totally owns more than
2000 patents, the income of patents to 30 to 40 million US
dollars
Lenovo’s Innovation and standard perspective
1988, independently developed computer main board
1991 , developed first Chinese character chip
1996 , developed no-jumper main board technology ; 2002 , developed High performance computer, one
trillion mathematical operations per second
2003 , to promote IGRS standard as a key pioneer
2005 , developed first security chip, became one of a 8
core members of TCG
2007, set up joint research center with Microsoft
4. Achievements (con.)
China’s Status in International Standardization Was Greatly
Elevated
In 2008, China became one of six permanent members to the governing
ISO Council
By the end of 2008, 26 ISO secretariats and 5 IEC secretariats where
Chinese experts held the post.
19 TC or SC (vice) chairmen of ISO and 3 TC or SC (vice) chairmen of
IEC were Chinese Experts.
In 2008 , China submitted 22 standard proposals to ISO and IEC. By
the end of 2008, China had already submitted 164 standard proposals
to ISO and IEC, in which 64 had become international standards.
Prof Song Mingshun got the ISO Award for Higher Education in
Standardization
2009, three Chinese experts won the IEC 1906 Award
5. Challenges
Legal and Regulation System Needs Strengthening The system of standards established under the conditions of
the “planned commodity economy” is no longer able to meet
the requirements of the market economy.
The formulation of national, sector, local standards is presided
over by the government. the government has the right to
preside over the formulation and issuance of the 3 levels of
standards that include all the mandatory and voluntary ones.
The Chinese legal system does not acknowledge the existence
of technical regulations (mandatory standards).
the Standardization Law did not give industrial associations a
legal status to formulate standards.
It is imperative to enact a new standardization law
5. Challenges (con.)
Standardization Pattern Should Be Improved to Meet
the Requirements of Market Economy
Nowadays, some associations, such as CCSA, CEEIA, IRGS
Alliance have become the main force in formulating standards,
but only national or sector standards rather than their own
association standards.
To make standards more relevant to the market, the central
government should also loosen its control over associations in
the aspect of standardization to let the market foster and
develop a system of voluntary standards.
5. Challenges (con.)
MIIT
CCSA
T1: IP & Multimedia Communication
T2: Mobile Internet Application Protocol
T3: Network & Switching
T4: Power Supply & Station Operational Environment
T5: Wireless Communication
T6: Transport & Access network
T7: Network management & Operation Support
T8: Network & Information Security
T9: Electromagnetic Environment & Protection
SACAssociation can develop national, or sector standards rather than their owns
5. Challenges (con.)
IRGS Intelligent Grouping and Resource Sharing 2003 IRGS Working Group established, by MII
IRGS Alliance run from 2005. Lenovo was one bellwether. Now,
14 core members, 134 members
2005.6 IRGS 1.0 became MII sector standard, the first 3C-
compatiable technical standard in China
2006.7 submitted IRGS to ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 25, now FDIS
IGRS standard as a part of Digital Technique Application of
Building and Residence Community National Standard of China
(GB/T 20299)
2006.3, Asia Home Network Council was set up by IRGS
Alliance, ECHONET Consortium of Japan, Home Network Forum
of Korea
6. Conclusions
(1) The Project of the MOST conducted comprehensive
research on standardization history and current status in China,
international standardization organizations and the
developed countries,
the intellectual analysis and contrast;
put forward constructive suggestions for
implementing standardization strategies in China,
and has had great impact on the plans or strategies
released by government at all levels afterward.
6. Conclusions (con.)
(2) The standardization administration in China is a system with
the division of responsibilities of government agencies at all
levels.
The emphases of standardization strategies implemented by
central, sector and local governments are different.
As a consequence, the real standardization strategy is the
comprehensive result of implementing all the standardization
strategies by different government agencies.
6. Conclusions (con.)
(3) The standardization strategy of China can be outlined as: government as the driving force, enterprises as the mainstay,
market as the guidance;
stepwise transition to the voluntary standard system to adapt the
needs of market economy;
to improve market relevant of national standards and sector
standards;
to rationalize the relations between standard and technology
innovation, the protection of intellectual property and upgrade of
industry, to focus on their harmonious development;
to adopt international standard effectively;
to participate international competition on selection and support
submitting proposals from independent innovational technologies.
6. Conclusions (con.)
(4) Standardization in China has developed to a considerable scale and the capacity of participation in international standardization has been gradually improved.
After a quantitative increase of domestic standards, TCs and SCs, technical experts, more attention is currently paid to the quality of development.
The standardization of China has made its due contribution to the development of economy of, gone international and become a very important part of international standardization.
6. Conclusions (con.)
(5) The deep rooted challenge that China standardization
development is facing is the innovation on
standardization administration. Transformed from the planned economy, the standardization
administration system and the four level standards system still
remain the vestiges of China’s planned economy and thus
cannot adapt to the needs of market economy.
Three of the four levels of standards that the Standardization
Law ordains are government standards.
And currently the legal status of association standard in China
is still not recognized.
6. Conclusions (con.)
(6) The revision of the Standardization Law will decide
the direction of the reform of standardization
system. Standardization administration system will
be readjusted gradually with the development of
market economy and the deepening reform of
government.
Wang Ping, China’s Standards and Innovation Policy Workshop
2009-10-14 , Beijing
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