STAR ENGINEERING Manual ATK V11-162 nov 2014.pdf · 3.8 PRACTICAL NO. 8(4x4 Multiplexed KeyPad) Use...

Written By : ASIST. PROF. MUHAMMAD FARHAN KHAN

BE (Industrial Electronics from IIEE/ NEDUET) MS (Communications from NEDUET)

14 Years of Teaching and Industrial Experience

STAR ENGINEERING (Training, Research and Development Unit) A-249, Block-3, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi-75300 WEB: http://star-engg.com E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: +92 21 34242284, +92 333 2156027

http://star-engg.com/

mailto:[email protected]

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Table of Contents 1 MICROCONTROLLER TRANING KIT ATK V11-162 ......................................................... 4

1.1 Schematic Diagram: ........................................................................................................ 4 1.2 P. C. B. Diagram:............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Assembled Diagram of P. C. B.: ..................................................................................... 6

2 Hardware Description ................................................................................................................ 7

2.1 Power Supply .................................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Controller Socket ............................................................................................................ 8

2.2.1 Supported AVR Microcontroller ................................................................................ 8

2.3 Reset AND In-System Programming (ISP) Support .................................................. 8 2.4 Bar Graph Display .......................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Crystel ........................................................................................................................... 10 2.6 Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) ............................................................................. 11 2.7 Communication PORT (COMM PORT) ...................................................................... 11 2.8 Off Board Numeric Keypad ......................................................................................... 12

2.9 4-Digit Multiplxe 7-Segment Display .......................................................................... 13 2.10 Alphanumeric LCD Interface ....................................................................................... 14 2.11 Relays ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.12 Push Button.................................................................................................................... 17

3 Practical................................................................................................................................... 18

3.1 PRACTICAL NO. 1 (Check Signal Key) Increase/Decrease a single binary count on the

LEDs at PortB when a button at PD6 or PD7 is pressed…………………………………............. 17 3.1.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 17

3.1.2 Algorithm & Flow Chart:........................................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 18

3.1.4 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.5 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 19

3.2 PRACTICAL NO. 2 (Bottle Filling) Control a conveyer based bottle filling station. Use

PD2 to read the signal from bottle detector, PE0 to drive conveyer and PA5 for filling valve.

Run the system and wait for bottle, use the filling delay of 10 Second and show the count of

filled bottles on LCD. (Inputs are active low and outputs are active high).. ............................... 19 3.2.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 19

3.2.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 19 3.2.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 20

3.2.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 21 3.3 PRACTICAL NO. 3 (Stepper Motor Control System) Run a stepper motor in clockwise

direction with maximum speed, when a button at PD6 is pressed in cw, when a button at PD7 is

pressed in ccw and motor should continue to run till key is pressed………………………………21

3.3.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 21 3.3.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 21


3.4 PRACTICAL NO. 4 (Frequency Counter) Write C language program for ATmega162

to display the frequency of analog input signal (Use 220V mains supply as input). Hint external

interrupt may be used for zero crossing counting and the value of count will show the frequency

after each second. ......................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 23 3.4.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 23


3.5 PRACTICAL NO. 5 (Servo Motor Control System) Use UART with baud rate of 9600

to increase or decrease the angular position of the shaf of a Servo Motor. User will press „+‟ or

(3)

„-‟ to increase or decrease the positions. Write down C language program for ATmega162 to

drive the Servo Motor through PB3. Hint (Use timer zero for 20 ms interrupt and timer two for

pulse width). ................................................................................................................................. 24

3.5.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 25 3.5.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 24 3.5.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 26

3.6 PRACTICAL NO. 6 (ADC_UART_LCD) Display the equivalent decimal of ADC

input on the LCD module and also send this value through UART with Baud Rate=9600bps. . 26 3.6.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 27 3.6.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 27 3.6.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 27 3.6.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 28

3.7 PRACTICAL NO. 7 (UART control DC motor) Use UART with baud rate of 9600bps

to receive the speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Write C Language

program for ATmega162 to drive a DC Motor through PWM using timer zero according to

received speed level. Also acknowledge by reflecting the received character. ........................... 28 3.7.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 28 3.7.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 29 3.7.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 29

3.7.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 29 3.8 PRACTICAL NO. 8(4x4 Multiplexed KeyPad) Use 4x4 multiplexed Keypad an LCD

Module with ATmega162 to display key codes (On interrupt basis) when a key is pressed on

keypad. Key codes should range from '0' to 'F'. Also pass the key pressed indication to main

program using a flag bit and generate a half second pulse on a relay in main program.. ............ 29 3.8.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 29 3.8.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 29

3.8.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 30

3.8.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 30 3.9 PRACTICAL NO. 9(Single Digit 7 Segment Display) Display the Hexadecimal

counting in increasing on Button PD6 is press and decreasing on Button PD7 is press Set the

counting delay of 300ms. ............................................................................................................. 31 3.9.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 31

3.9.2 Algorithm & Flow Chart:........................................................................................... 31 3.9.3 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 31 3.9.4 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.9.5 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 32

3.10 PRACTICAL NO. 10 (4-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment LED Driver) Generate the

binary pattern in increasing/decreasing order on 4digit multiplexed 7 segment display at

PORTB, when a button at PD6 or PD7is pressed. Set the counting speed of 2 counts per second.

33 3.10.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 33 3.10.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 33 3.10.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 35

3.10.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 35 3.11 PRACTICAL NO. 11(Real Time Clock) Use RTC (D71307) with ATmega162 to

update the value of time and date after each second on LCD screen. Use PA1 and PA2 with

clock and data of RTC for I2C interface.. .................................................................................... 35 3.11.1 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 35

3.11.2 Avr Program C Code: ................................................................................................ 35 3.11.3 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 37 3.11.4 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................ 37

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1 Microcontroller Training Kit ATK V11-162

1.1 Schematic Diagram:

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1.2 P. C. B. Picture:

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1.3 Assembled Diagram of P. C. B.:

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2 Hardware Description

2.1 Power Supply:

9V AC/DC input supply is required for the board. Bridge rectifier converts the input AC supply

into DC or it can correct the polarity when we apply DC input. The input supply must be capable

to provide up to 1A supply current. A filter capacitor and a voltage regulator LM7805 is used to

provide the regulated +5V supply for the components of trainer board. Also the unregulated DC

supply of 9/12V is taken from bridge rectifier for relays and external use.

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2.2 Microcontroller Socket:

A forty pin socket (IC Base) is placed to hold a microcontroller at the trainer board. The notch of

microcontroller will be kept upward according to notch of socket. The trainer board supports a

range of 8051 based and AVR Microcontroller.

2.2.1 Supported 8051 Microcontrollers:

AT89S51

AT89S52

AT89S53

AT89S54

AT89S55

AT89S58

AT89S8252

AT89S8252

2.2.2 Supported AVR Microcontrollers:

AT90S8515

ATmega8515

ATmega161

ATmega162

ATmega163

2.3 Reset and In-System Programming (ISP) Support:

ISP cable may be used on the development for program downloading from PC to Microcontroller.

For this purpose a 5pin Crimp shell male connector is placed with pin # 6 to pin # 10 of the

microcontroller base socket. To download the machine code (HEX file) connect 5 pin female

connector of ISP cable at this male crimp shell connector and use downloading software to burn

the code from computer.

Pin configuration of ISP connector is:

AT89S51/52

9

1819

20

293031

40

12345

678

2122232425262728

1011121314151617

3938373635343332

RST/RST

XTAL2XTAL1 G

ND

PSEN/PE2ALE/PE1

EA/PE0

VC

CP1.0/PB0P1.1/PB1P1.2/PB2P1.3/PB3P1.4/PB4

P1.5/PB5P1.6/PB6P1.7/PB7

P2.0/PC0P2.1/PC1P2.2/PC2P2.3/PC3P2.4/PC4P2.5/PC5P2.6/PC6P2.7/PC7

P3.0/PD0/RXP3.1/PD1/TXP3.2/PD2/INT0P3.3/PD3/INT1P3.4/PD4P3.5/PD5P3.6/PD6P3.7/PD7

P0.0/PA0P0.1/PA1P0.2/PA2P0.3/PA3P0.4/PA4P0.5/PA5P0.6/PA6P0.7/PA7

ATmega162

ATmega8515AT89S8252/53

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Pin # 1 …. GND

Pin # 2 …. Reset

Pin # 3 …. SCK

Pin # 4 …. MISO

Pin # 5 …. MOSI

2.3.1 Reset Button:

Since the power ON reset is not in-built in 8051 based controllers therefore a jumper is given to

connect external power ON reset RC circuit for using 8051 based Microcontrollers. Supported

8051 controllers require external power on reset circuitry therefore an RC circuit to the reset pin of

microcontroller may be connected through a jumper as shown in above figure.

2.4 Bar Graph Display: A package of 10 LEDs is placed on the trainer board as bar graph display. 8 middle LEDs of this

display are connected to PORT1/ PORTB of microcontroller in active low state. These LEDs are

connected in series with 1K resistors (9 pin SIP). SIP is a package of 8 resistors (1Kohm). One

terminal of each resistor is commonly connected to the supply voltage and other terminals of

resistors are connected in series with LEDs. Two LEDs (top and bottom) are open circuited (not in

use). The PORTB of microcontroller may also be disconnected (for external use) from these LEDs

by extracting the LED array from board. Therefore we can use the PORTB for external hardware

interfacing as well as for ISP and stepper motor.

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2.5 Crystal:

The board is equipped with a crystal of 11.0592 MHz. 11.0592 MHz crystal is especially preferred

for serial communication applications. This crystal provides accurate values standard baud rates.

The manufacturer (Atmel) provides their all AVR microcontrollers with internal RC oscillator as

the default CPU clock source. Therefore it is necessary to first configure a fresh microcontroller on

external crystal.

AT

mega 1

62

15

14

13

20

23

16

40

9

1819

101112

3938373635343332

313029

2827262524

12345678

2122

17

P3.5/PD5

P3.4/PD4

P3.3/PD3

GN

D

PC2/P2.2

P3.6/PD6

VC

C

Reset

XTAL 2XTAL 1

P3.0/PD0P3.1/PD1P3.2/PD2

PA0/P0.0PA1/P0.1PA2/P0.2PA3/P0.3PA4/P0.4PA5/P0.5PA6/P0.6PA7/P0.7

PE0/EAPE1/ALE

PE2/PSEN

PC7/P2.7PC6/P2.6PC5/P2.5PC4/P2.4PC3/P2.3

P1.0/PB0P1.1/PB1P1.2/PB2P1.3/PB3P1.4/PB4P1.5/PB5P1.6/PB6P1.7/PB7

PC0/P2.0PC1/P2.1

P3.7/PD7

11.0592 MHz

AT

89S

8252

Crystal

22pf

GND

22pf

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2.6 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC):

An ADC0831, 8bit serial ADC is available on the trainer board. The multi turn potentiometer is

used to provide the reference voltage to the ADC and a three pin connector is given for analog data

to the ADC. The corner pins of three pin connector provide 5V supply to the sensor while the

central pin is used as analog input. The ADC is interfaced with microcontroller IO bits P0.2/PA2 at

ADC data, P0.0/PA0 at ADC chip select and P0.1/PA1 at ADC serial clock.

2.7 Communication Port (Comm. Port):

A comm. port is provided for serial communication at the board. DB-9 female connector is used as

the comm. port. The In-built UART can receive or transmit the serial data (using this connector)

through a line drive MAX-232. This line driver IC converts the incoming RS-232 signals into the

TTL for microcontroller. Similarly it converts the TTL signals coming from microcontroller to RS-

232.

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2.8 Off Board Numeric Keypad:

Numeric 4×4 multiplex keypad is available off the trainer board. The rows and columns of key

matrix are connected with a keypad driver IC 74C922 which sends the key press interrupt to PD2

and then data may be received from higher nibble of PORTD. Output enable (OE) of keypad driver

is connected with PD3. Keypad may be plug in or plug out at crimp shell Connector for PORTD.

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Important: PORTB may be shared by Stepper motor driver and 7 Segment display.

2.9 4-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment Display:

The data bus of multiplexed 7-segment display is connected to PORTB of microcontroller (PB0

for segment „a‟, PB1 for segment „b‟ and so on). Eight common anode terminals of digits are

driven with the help of PNP transistors. Only four digits are used with microcontroller programs

on the kit. The least significant digit of display is controlled by PA0 and most significant digit by

PA3. The 7-segment display may also be disconnected to PORTB of microcontroller at CR

Connector for PORT B.

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Important: PORTB may be shared by Stepper motor driver and Keypad.

2.10 Alphanumeric LCD Interface: 12 pin Crimp Shell connector is used to interface an LCD module with the microcontroller. PC of

Microcontroller is used at this connector for data bus of LCD module, PA6 for RS, PA7 for enable

(E of LCD). The contrast pin of LCD module should be connected to ground. The Backlight of

LCD module is connected to the supply to turn on backlight permanently.

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Important: PORTC is shared by LCD, 7 Segment display therefore it is necessary to plug out

7segment display.

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2.11 Relays: Four Relays are interfaced through PE2 to PE0 and PA3.

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2.12 Push Buttons:

Six push buttons may be used at PD2 to PD7 as shown below.

3 Practical

3.1 Practical No. 1 (Check Signal Key)

Increase/Decrease a single binary count on the LEDs at PORTB when a button at PD6 or

PD7 is pressed.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “Check Signal Key”

3.1.1 Apparatus:

Computer System

Microcontroller ATmega162

ISP cable for Program downloading

Star Engineering Training kit ATK V11-162 with accessories

3.1.2 Algorithm & Flow Chart:

We have to scan two push buttons continuously till any one is pressed. On

pressing the button we will execute the task only one time (Increment/Decrement

of binary count on LEDs). The flow Chart is given below:

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A => CHK_PB1

B => CHK_PB2

Initial value of CNT is

00H

LEDs are connected at P1

LEDs are active low

3.1.3 AVR Program C Code:

#include <mega162.h>

#include <delay.h>

#define SW1 PIND.6

#define SW2 PIND.7

void main(void) // Main loop

{

unsigned char cnt=0; // Declare your local variables here

PORTB=0xFF; // To enable internal pull-up resister

DDRB=0xFF; // For outward direction

PORTD.6=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister


while (1)

{

while (SW1==0) // Loop while key is pressed at PD6, Active low

{

delay_ms(15);

START

Y

N

Y

N

PB1

Pressed

PB2

Pressed

A

B

PBI

Pressed

CNT++

NOT (CNT)

P1=CNT

Delay 15ms

Delay 15ms

PB2

Pressed

CNT--

NOT (CNT)

P1=CNT

Delay 15ms

Delay 15ms

(19)

cnt++; // For Increment

PORTB=~cnt; // Invert the variable value to drive active low LED's

while (SW1==0) ; // Empty loop, Wait to release the key

delay_ms(15);

};

while (SW2==0) // Loop while key is pressed at PD7, Active low

{

delay_ms(15);

cnt--; // For Decrement

PORTB=~cnt; // Invert the variable value to drive active low LED's

while (SW2==0) ; // Empty loop, Wait to release the key

delay_ms(15);

};

};

}

3.1.4 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/compile it, and make its object file and hex

file.

Now download the HEX file in Microcontroller’s code memory

Use star trainer to run/execute the program and check results

Now make a program and its flowchart with the same objective but for gray

codes pattern (counting)

Submit the flowchart, program code, and results neatly.

3.1.5 Conclusion:

We can use the program format for scanning/checking multiple push

buttons.

We can also use the program format for executing tasks on key down or key

up events.

3.2 Practical No. 2 (Bottle Filling)

Control a conveyer based bottle filling station. Use PD2 to read the signal from bottle detector,

PE0 to drive conveyer and PA5 for filling valve. Run the system and wait for bottle, use the filling

delay of 10 Second and show the count of filled bottles on LCD. (Inputs are active low and outputs

are active high).

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “filling_bottle”

3.2.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.2.2 Algorithm

Control a conveyer based bottle filling station. Use PD2 to read the signal from bottle detector,

PE0 to drive conveyer and PA5 for filling valve. Run the system and wait for bottle, use the filling

delay of 10 Second and show the count of filled bottles on LCD. (Inputs are active low and outputs

are active high).

(20)



#include <delay.h>

#include <ATKv11_162.h>

#define BOT_Detector PIND.2

#define UP_LVL PIND.3

#define DWN_LVL PIND.4

#define CONVAYOR PORTE.0

#define Nozzle PORTE.1

#define PUMP PORTE.2

void main (void) // Main loop

{

unsigned int cnt=0; // Declare your local variables here

DDRE.0=1; // For outward direction



Init_LCD(); // To initialized the LCD




while(1)

{

CONVAYOR=1; //(Active High - Turn on Conveyer)

while(BOT_Detector==1) //(Active Low - Bottle Detector)

{

}

CONVAYOR=0; //(Turn off Conveyer)

delay_ms(1000);

if(DWN_LVL==1) //(Active Low - Down Level Detector)

{

wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD

LCD_msg("Tank Filling started"); // To write a massage on LCD

PUMP=1; //(Active High - Turn on Pump)

while(UP_LVL==1) //(Active Low - Up Level Detector)

{

}

PUMP=0; //(Active High - Turn off Pump)


LCD_msg("Tank has been filled"); // To write a massage on LCD

delay_ms(1000);


LCD_msg("Wait for Bottle"); // To write a massage on LCD

delay_ms(1000);

}


LCD_msg("Bottle Filling Started"); // To write a massage on LCD

Nozzle=1; //(Active High - Filling Nozzle Open)

delay_ms(10000);


LCD_msg("Filling Completed"); // To write a massage on LCD

Nozzle=0; //Active High - Filling Nozzle Close

delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on LCD

UpdateDigits(++cnt); // Counting of bottle

}

}

3.2.4 Exercise:

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Type the program, assemble/ compile it, make its object file and hex

file.


Use star trainer to run/ execute the program and check results

Write a program code for the same objective with parallel operation of

tank filling and bottle filling.


3.2.5 Conclusion:

We can use the program format for scanning/ checking multiple push

buttons.

We can also use the program format for executing tasks on key down or key

up events.

3.3 Practical No. 3 (Stepper Motor Control System) Run a stepper motor in clockwise direction with maximum speed, when a button at PD6 is pressed

in cw, when a button at PD7 is pressed in ccw and motor should continue to run till key is pressed.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “Stepper_motor”

3.3.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.3.2 Algorithm

Run a stepper motor in clockwise direction with maximum speed, when a button at

PD6 is pressed in cw, when a button at PD7 is pressed in ccw and motor should

continue to run till key is pressed.



#include <delay.h>

#define SW1 PIND.6

#define SW2 PIND.7

void main(void) // Main Loop

{

DDRB=0x0F; // For outward direction

PORTD=0x0F; // To enable internal pull-up resisters

while (1)

{

while(SW1==0)

{

if(PORTB.0==1)

{

PORTB.0=0;

PORTB.1=1;

}

else if(PORTB.1==1)

{

PORTB.1=0;

(22)

PORTB.2=1;

}

else if(PORTB.2==1)

{

PORTB.2=0;

PORTB.3=1;

}

else

{

PORTB.3=0;

PORTB.0=1;

}

delay_ms(10);

}

while(SW2==0)

{

if(PORTB.3==1)

{

PORTB.3=0;

PORTB.2=1;

}

else if(PORTB.2==1)

{

PORTB.2=0;

PORTB.1=1;

}

else if(PORTB.1==1)

{

PORTB.1=0;

PORTB.0=1;

}

else

{

PORTB.0=0;

PORTB.3=1;

}

delay_ms(50);

}

};

}

3.3.4 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/ compile it, make its object file and hex

file.


Use star trainer to run/ execute the program and check results.

Run a stepper motor in anti clockwise direction with maximum speed, when

a button at PD6 or PD7 is pressed, motor should continue to run till key

is pressed rather cw or ccw.


3.3.5 Conclusion:

We can also use the program format for executing the tasks after certain

duration of key press.

The program is also giving us the concept of giving a little security on

the operations executed by pressing a key.

(23)

3.4 Practical No. 4 (Frequency Counter)

Write C language program for ATmega162 to display the frequency of analog input signal

(Use 220V mains supply as input). Hint external interrupt may be used for zero crossing counting

and the value of count will show the frequency after each second.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “zero_crossing”

3.4.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.4.2 Algorithm

Read 220 volt AC frequency and display On LCD using external interrupt



#include <delay.h>


unsigned int cnt=0;

interrupt [EXT_INT0] void ext_int0_isr(void)

{

cnt++; // For Increment

}

void main(void) // Main Program

{

GICR=0x40;

MCUCR=0x02;


SREG.7=1; // To enable global interrupt

LCD_msg("Frequency="); // To write a message on LCD

while (1)

{

delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0x8A); // To write the Command byte on LCD

UpdateDigits(cnt);// To display the implemented count

cnt=0;

};

}

3.4.4 Exercise:


file.



Now write a C language program for ATmega162 to display the phase shift

(Phase Difference in micro second) of two analog inputs. Hint: External

interrupts may be used for zero crossing detections and a counter will

run during two zero crossings. Counter value show the phase shift.


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3.4.5 Conclusion:





3.5 Practical No. 5 (Servo Motor Control System)

Use UART with baud rate of 9600 to increase or decrease the angular position of the shaft

of a Servo Motor. User will press „+‟ or „-‟ to increase or decrease the positions. Write

down C language program for ATmega162 to drive the Servo Motor through PB3. Hint (Use timer

zero for 20 ms interrupt and timer two for pulse width).

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “Servo_motor”

3.5.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.5.2 Algorithm

Microcontroller interface with UART and servo motor when a user press + button

on ascii key board on hyper terminal servo motor change it angle or press –

button on ascii key board on hyper terminal servo motor change it angle to

another direction.



#include <delay.h>


#define Servo PORTB.3

interrupt [TIM0_COMP] void timer0_comp_isr(void)

// to generate reference time(20 ms) for servo control signal

{

Servo=1; // To set servo m.c. signal(Width of signal is define by timer#2)

TCCR2=0x0D; // To enable the Timer#2, for No PWM, CTC Mode and Ftimer = Fcpu/128

}

interrupt [TIM2_COMP] void timer2_comp_isr(void)

{

Servo=0; // To Clear servo m.c. signal(Width of signal is define by

//timer#2)

TCCR2=0x00; // To disable Timer#2

}

void main(void)

{



Servo=0;

TCCR0=0x0D; // To enable the Timer#2, for No PWM, CTC Mode and Ftimer=Fcpu/1024

OCR0=216; // To configure interrupt time=20ms

(25)

OCR2=90; // To initialize pulse width=1ms

TIMSK=0x82; // To enable compare match intrrupt#0 and #2

SREG.7=1; // To enable global interrupt by Assembly program

UCSR0B=0x18; // To enable the TxD and RxD

UBRR0L=71; // To set the baud rate=9600 with XTAL=11.0952 MHz

UBRR0H=0;



LCD_msg(" Servo Test "); // To write a message on LCD


LCD_msg(" Press + or - "); // To write a message on LCD

while (1)

{

Wait4RxC();

if(UDR=='+')

{

if(OCR2<180)

{

OCR2++;

Wait4TxC('+');

}

else

{

wrLCDcmd(0xC0);

LCD_msg("Extreme Reached ");

}

}

else if(UDR=='-')

{

if(OCR2>90)

{

OCR2--;

Wait4TxC('-');

}

else

{

wrLCDcmd(0xC0);

LCD_msg("Extreme Reached ");

}

}

else

{

wrLCDcmd(0xC0);

LCD_msg(" Press + or - ");

}

}

}

3.5.4 Exercise:


file.



Now make a program to use UART with baud rate of 9600 to adjust the

angular position of servo. User will press ‘1’ for step1 and ‘2‘for

step2. Step1 move the motor shaft at 30 degree and step2 move the motor

at 150 degree, if shaft is already at one of the mentioned angle display

(26)

a message on LCD. Hint (Use timer zero for 20 ms interrupt and timer two

for pulse width).


3.5.5 Conclusion:





3.6 Practical No. 6 (ADC_UART_LCD) Display the equivalent decimal of ADC input on

the LCD module and also send this value through UART with Baud Rate=9600bps.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “ADC_UART_LCD_162”

3.6.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.6.2 Algorithm

Using ADC 0831 display equivalent decimal value on lcd and also send it on UART transmission.



#include <delay.h>


#define rs PORTA.6

#define LOW 0

#define HIGH 1

#define ADC_CS PORTA.0

#define ADC_SK PORTA.1

#define ADC_DT PINA.2

flash unsigned char Name[20]="****Rashid****";

typedef unsigned char byte;

typedef unsigned int word;

byte dig1=0,dig2=0,dig3=0,ADC;

void UART_LCD_SendVar(void) //Function define for send ADC value on UART and LCD.

{

UDR0=dig3; //Send digit 3 value on UART

wrLCDchr(dig3); //Send digit 3 value on LCD

(27)





UDR0=0x0D;

}

void pulseADC(void) //Function for serial clock

{

ADC_SK=1; //serial clock high

delay_ms(1);

ADC_SK=0; //serial clock low

delay_ms(1);

}

void ADCdata(void) //

{

unsigned char j=0x80;

ADC=0;

for (j=0x80; j> 0x01; j>>=1)

{

pulseADC();

if(ADC_DT==1)

{

ADC=ADC+j;

}

}

pulseADC();

if(ADC_DT==1)

{

ADC=ADC+j;

}

}

void readADC(void) //Function for read data from serial ADC

{

ADC_CS=0; //ADC chip select to low

delay_ms(1);

pulseADC(); //Call function for serial clock

ADCdata(); //

delay_ms(1);

ADC_CS=1; //ADC chip select to high

}

void main(void)

{

Init_LCD(); //Call LCD initialize function

UCSR0B=0x08;

UBRR0L=71;

UBRR0H=0;



(28)


DDRD.4=1; // For outward direction

DDRC.0=1; // For outward direction

DDRA.0=1; // For outward direction

DDRA.1=1; // For outward direction

PORTA.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister

wrLCDcmd(0x82); //Command for cursor

LCD_msg("My First Message"); //Display massage on LCD

delay_ms(2000);

wrLCDcmd(0xC3); //Command for cursor

LCD_msg(Name); //Display massage on LCD

delay_ms(2000);

while (1)

{

readADC();

UpdateDigits(ADC);

UART_LCD_SendVar(); //

delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0x01); //clear LCD command

}

}

3.6.4 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/compile it, make its object file and hex file.


Use star trainer to run/execute the program and check results.

Now write a C language program to control the temperature of a boiler.

Use LM35 with 8 bit in ADC 0831 interface with ATmega162 to get

temperature feedback and a potentiometer to get set point through channel

one and channel two.

Now make a program and its flowchart with the same objective but you have

to toggle the LED if the key press duration lies between 4 to 6 seconds.


3.6.5 Conclusion:





3.7 Practical No. 7 (UART control DC motor). Use UART with baud rate of 9600bps to

receive the speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Write C Language

program for ATmega162 to drive a DC Motor through PWM using timer zero according to

received speed level. Also acknowledge by reflecting the received character.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “uart_dc_motor”.

3.7.1 Apparatus:

(29)

Computer System




3.7.2 Algorithm

Control DC motor with RS232(UART Communication),when user press any numeric button

On key board from 0-9 then speed of motor increases/deceases.



#include <delay.h>



{

unsigned char x=0; // Declare your local variables here



TCCR0=0x6D; // PWM

OCR0=128;

UCSR0B=0x18; // To enable the TxD and RxD

UBRR0H=0;

UBRR0L=71; // To set the baud rate=9600 with XTAL=11.0952 MHz


while (1)

{

LCD_msg("Enter Speed Level for DC Motor (0 to 9): ");

Wait4RxC();

x=UDR0;

if((x>='0')&&(x<='9')) // Checking valid value

{

OCR0=(x-0x30)*28; // For Scaling value 0 to 255

Wait4TxC(x);

}

Wait4TxC(0x0D);

};

}

3.7.4 Exercise:


file.



Now make a program to use UART with baud rate of 9600bps to receive the

speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Write C Language

program for ATmega162 to drive a DC Motor through PWM using timer zero

according to received speed level. Also acknowledge by reflecting the

received character.


3.7.5 Conclusion:



(30)



3.8 Practical No. 8(4x4 Multiplexed Keypad) Use 4x4 multiplexed Keypad an LCD Module

with ATmega162 to display key codes (On interrupt basis) when a key is pressed on keypad.

Key codes should range from '0' to 'F'. Also pass the key pressed indication to main program

using a flag bit and generate a half second pulse on a relay in main program.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “4X4 Keypad”

3.8.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.8.2 Algorithm

This function waits for a key press on Keypad. This function will make CPU busy

Till the key pressed by user. 4-bit key code is returned through a character

Variable. Execution time of this function is user dependent.



#include <delay.h>


#define Keypad_INT PIND.2

#define Keypad_data PIND

#define Relay PORTA.3

bit KeyFlag = 0;

unsigned char KeyCode=0; // Declare global variables here

/*_____________________________________________________________________________

This function waits for a key press on Keypad. This function will make CPU busy

till the key pressed by user. 4-bit key code is returned through a character

variable. Execution time of this function is user dependent.

_____________________________________________________________________________*/

interrupt[EXT_INT2] void wait4key(void)

{

delay_ms(5);

KeyCode = Keypad_data; // Read Key data from PortD

KeyCode = KeyCode & 0xF0; // Removing undesired lower nibble

KeyCode = KeyCode >> 4; // Shift data to lower nibble

KeyCode = KeyCode | 0x30; // Converting to ASCII

if(KeyCode>0x039)

KeyCode = KeyCode + 7; // For shifting the ASCII code after

// ABCDEF of Hex Dec.

wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // Set cursor position

LCD_msg("Key: "); //show this message on LCD

wrLCDchr(KeyCode); // Display the key code

KeyFlag=1;

(31)

}

void main(void)

{

Init_LCD(); // Initialize LCD Module

LCD_msg(" LCD Keypad "); // To write a message on LCD

GICR = 0x20;

DDRA.3 = 1; // For outward direction

SREG.7 = 1;

while (1)

{

while(KeyFlag==0);

Relay=1; // To turn on the Relay

delay_ms(500);

Relay=0;

KeyFlag=0;

};

}

3.8.4 Exercise:


file.



Repeat Practical No.07 by giving speed level (0-9) from keypad.


3.8.5 Conclusion:





3.9 Practical No. 9(Single Digit 7 Segment Display)

Display the hexadecimal counting in increasing on Button PD6 is press and decreasing on Button

PD7 is press set the counting delay of 300ms.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “single_digit_7seg”

3.9.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.9.2 Algorithm & Flow Chart:

We have to generate the pattern of 7-segment codes for hexadecimal

numbers at P1 to display. The flow Chart is given below:

PA1 = 1 P A2 = 1

P A3 = 1

Initialize pointer at segment codes

START

(32)



#include <delay.h>

#define SW1 PORTD.6

#define SW2 PORTD.7

void main(void)

{

unsigned char i; // Declaration variables

unsigned char SegCod[16]={0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F,

0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71};

DDRA=0x0F; // for outward direction

DDRB=0xFF; // for outward direction



start:

while (1) // infinite loop

{

while (SW1==0)

{

for(i=0x00;i<=0x0F;i++)

{

PORTB=~SegCod[i]; // to find 7 segment code from array

If(SW1==1) // break if key released

goto start;

delay_ms(300);

};

};

while (SW2==0)

{

for(i=0x0F;i>=0x00;i--)

{

(33)

PORTB=~SegCod[i]; // to find 7 segment code from array

if(SW2==1) // break if key released

goto start;

delay_ms(300);

};

};

};

}

3.9.4 Exercise:


file.



Display the decimal counting in increasing order on the least significant

digit of 7-segment display. Set the counting delay of 300ms.


3.9.5 Conclusion:

We can also use the program format for executing the repetitive tasks

with constant speed.

The program is also giving us the concept of deterministic pattern

generation (7 segment codes etc.)

3.10 Practical NO. 10 (4-digit multiplexed 7-segment led driver) generate the binary pattern

in increasing/decreasing order on 4-digit multiplexed 7-segment displays at PORTB, when a

button at PD6 or PD7is pressed. Set the counting speed of 2 counts per second.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “single_digit_7seg”.

3.10.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




3.10.2 Algorithm

Display decimal pattern on 4-Digit 7-Segment display with increasing/decreasing order when

button on PORTD, PD6 or PD7 is pressed.



#include <delay.h>


#define SW1 PIND.6 //Define PD6 as a sw1

#define SW2 PIND.7 //Define PD7 as a sw2

unsigned int cnt;

flash unsigned char SegCod[16]={0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07,

0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71};

(34)

unsigned char GetSegDig16Bit(unsigned char Number, unsigned char digit)

{

unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4;

dig1 =SegCod[Number%10];

Number/=10;


Number/=10;


Number/=10;

dig4 =0x3F;

if(digit==1)

return dig1;

else if(digit==2)

return dig2;

else if(digit==3)

return dig3;

else if(digit==4)

return dig4;

else

return 0;

}

interrupt [TIM0_COMP] void RefreshDisplay(void) //interrupt for timer 0

{

if (PORTA.0==0) //Check PA0 output

{

PORTA.0=1; //Put high in PA0 for drive a transistor

PORTA.1=0; //Put low in PA1 for drive a transistor

PORTB=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,2); //Send 4-Digit 7-Segment code on PORTB

}

else if (PORTA.1==0) //Check PA1 output

{




}

else if (PORTA.2==0) //Check PA2 output

{




}

else

{




}

}


{


PORTA=0xFE;

DDRA=0xFF; // For outward direction

PORTC.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister

PORTC.1=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister

TCCR0=0x0D; // To enable the Timer#2, for No PWM, CTC Mode and

Ftimer=Fcpu/1024

(35)

OCR0=39; // To initialize pulse width=

TIMSK=0x02;

SREG.7=1;

while (1)

{

while (SW1==0) //(Active Low - wait for button on pd6 is pressed)

{

cnt++; //increament in cnt verible

delay_ms(50); //delay

};

while (SW2==0) //(Active Low - wait for button on pd6 is pressed)

{

cnt--; //decreament in cnt verible

delay_ms(50);

};

};

}

3.10.4 Exercise:


file.



Generate the binary pattern in increasing/decreasing order on 4digit

multiplexed 7 segment display at PORTB, when a button at PD6 or PD7 is

pressed. Set the counting speed of 1 count per second.

Now make a program and its flowchart with the same objective but for

decimal pattern (counting)


3.10.5 Conclusion:





3.11 Practical NO. 11(Real Time Clock) Use RTC (D71307) with ATmega162 to update the

value of time and date after each second on LCD screen. Use PA1 and PA2 with clock and

data of RTC for I2C interface.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “RTC”

3.11.1 Apparatus:

Computer System




(36)

3.11.2 Algorithm

Display time and date on LCD using RTC interface with microcontroller using tow wire

interfacing.



#include <delay.h>

// I2C Bus functions

#asm // To Enter Assembly programming mode

.equ __i2c_port=0x15 ;PORTC

.equ __sda_bit=1

.equ __scl_bit=0

#endasm // To Exit Assembly programming mode

#include <i2c.h>

// DS1307 Real Time Clock functions

#include <ds1307.h>


// Declare your global variables here


{

unsigned char *RTChour, *RTCmin, *RTCsec, RTCdig1, RTCdig2, *RTCday, *RTCmon,

*RTCyer;

PORTB=0xFF;


// I2C Bus initialization


i2c_init();

// DS1307 Real Time Clock initialization

// Square wave output on pin SQW/OUT: On

// Square wave frequency: 1Hz

rtc_init(0,0,0);


LCD_msg("Star Engineering"); // To write a message on LCD


LCD_msg(" RTC DS1307 "); // To write a message on LCD

delay_ms(2000);


rtc_set_time(3, 6, 0); //RTChour, RTCmin, RTCsec

delay_ms(2000);

rtc_set_date(23, 12, 01);

while (1)

{


rtc_get_time(RTChour, RTCmin, RTCsec); //RTChour, RTCmin, RTCsec

RTCdig1=(*RTChour%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTChour/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

wrLCDchr(':');

RTCdig1=(*RTCmin%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTCmin/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

wrLCDchr(':');

(37)

RTCdig1=(*RTCsec%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTCsec/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

wrLCDchr(' ');

PORTB=~*RTCsec;

wrLCDcmd(0xC0);

rtc_get_date(RTCday, RTCmon, RTCyer);

RTCdig1=(*RTCday%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTCday/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

wrLCDchr('-');

RTCdig1=(*RTCmon%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTCmon/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

wrLCDchr('-');

RTCdig1=(*RTCyer%10)+0x30;

RTCdig2=(*RTCyer/10)+0x30;

wrLCDchr(RTCdig2);

wrLCDchr(RTCdig1);

delay_ms(1000);

};

}

3.11.4 Exercise:


file.



Use RTC (DS1307) with ATmega162 to update the value of time and date

after each second on LCD screen.


3.11.5 Conclusion:





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STAR ENGINEERING Manual ATK V11-162 nov 2014.pdf · 3.8 PRACTICAL NO. 8(4x4 Multiplexed KeyPad) Use...

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