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Starter S-105
1. How many grams of copper (II) chloride are in 3.83 x 1021 formula units?
Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11
Writing Chemical Reactions
Word Equations – gives the names of compounds and elements in the equation
reactants products
Reactants – compounds and elements before the reaction
Products – compounds and elements after the reaction
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Different compounds, or elements are separated by a plus sign
Copper + Oxygen Copper (II) Oxide
These are often converted from descriptions of the reaction
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide is put in an open cut bubbles of oxygen form rapidly. Water is also produced.
Reaction – reactants
hydrogen peroxide
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide in an open cut bubbles of oxygen from rapidly. Water is also produced.
Reaction – products
hydrogen peroxide
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When antiseptic hydrogen peroxide in an open cut bubbles of oxygen from rapidly. Water is also produced.
Reaction – products
hydrogen peroxide oxygen + water
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
Reaction – reactants
methane gas + oxygen
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.
Reaction – products
methane gas + oxygen
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
When a stove burner is lit, methane gas reacts with oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.
Reaction – products
methane gas + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations – replace the names of compounds and elements with the chemical formula
hydrogen peroxide oxygen + water
H2O2 O2 + H2O
Remember diatomic elements
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
methane gas + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Usually the state of
each compound
or element is
given beside the
formula
CH4(g)+ O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(g)
Solid (s)
Liquid (l)
Gas (g)
Aqueous (aq)
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Starter S-106
When solutions of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate are mixed in a beaker, a brilliant yellow solid is formed. This solid when analyzed turns out to be lead (II) iodide. Further analysis shows that potassium nitrate is now dissolved in the water.
A. Write the word equation.
B. Write the chemical equation
Balancing Chemical Equations – both sides of a chemical equation have the same number of each atom
Mass is conserved
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balancing Demo
Example
Al + O2 Al2O3
1. Write elements on each side and how many of each are present
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Example
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 1 Al – 2
O – 2 O – 3
2. Add one element at a time to the side that doesn’t have enough
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Al
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 2 Al – 2
O – 2 O – 3
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Al O2
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 2 Al – 2
O – 4 O – 3
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Al O2 Al2O3
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 2 Al – 4
O – 4 O – 6
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Al,Al,Al O2 Al2O3
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 4 Al – 4
O – 4 O – 6
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Al,Al,Al O2,O2 Al2O3
Al + O2 Al2O3
Al – 4 Al – 4
O – 6 O – 6
Balanced
3. Count the number of each compound or element – write a coefficient for each
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + NaOH Fe(OH)3 + NaCl
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
C. CS2 + Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + HNO3
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. 2AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + 2HNO3
E. Zn(OH)2 + H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + H2O
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. 2AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + 2HNO3
E. 3Zn(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
F. Fe2O3 + H2 Fe + H2O
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Balance the following equationsA. Cu + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
B. FeCl3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
C. CS2 + 3Cl2 CCl4 + S2Cl2D. 2AgNO3 + H2S Ag2S + 2HNO3
E. 3Zn(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Zn3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
F. Fe2O3 + 3H2 2Fe + 3H2O
11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions
Starter S-107
1. Balance
C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
CH3CH2OH + O2 CO2 + H2O
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
You will need to know and predict the product for 6 types of chemical reactions
1. SynthesisForm
Example
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Synthesis
ABBA
)(2)(2)(2 22 ggg OHOH
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
2. DecompositionForm
Example
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Decomposition
BAAB
)(2)(2)(2 22 ggyelectricit
g OHOH
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
3. Single Replacement ReactionForm
Example
For metals, the reactions occurs if
the metal is more reactive than the
the one in the compound
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Single
ACBBCA
)(23)()(23)( )()( aqsaqs NOZnCuNOCuZn
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
4. Double Replacement ReactionForm
Example
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Double
CBADCDAB
)(3)()(23)(2 2)( aqsaqaq NaNOCdSNOCdSNa
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
5. Combustion ReactionForm
Example
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Combustion
BOAOOAB 2
OHCOOHC ggl 2)(2)(2)(188 1816252
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
6. Acid/Base Neutralization ReactionForm
Example
The substance AB is called a
Chemical Salt
11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Acid Base
OHABBOHHA 2
)(2)()()( laqaqaq OHNaClNaOHHCl
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reactions are predicted based on recognizing forms.
Starter S-110
What type of reaction is this?
CaCl2 + Pb(NO3)2
Write the complete balanced equation
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
AgNO3 + NaCl
Type:
Double Replacement
Products:
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
Balanced:
AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
Pb + AgNO3
Type:
Single Replacement
Products:
Pb + AgNO3 Ag + Pb(NO3)2
Balanced:
Pb + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Pb(NO3)2
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
FeCl3 + KOH
Type:
Double Replacement
Products:
FeCl3 + KOH Fe(OH)3 + KCl
Balanced:
FeCl3 + 3KOH Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
NaOH + H2SO4
Type:
Acid Base Neutralization
Products:
NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O
Balanced:
2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
C2H8 + O2
Type:
Combustion
Products:
C2H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Balanced:
C2H8 + 4O2 2CO2 + 4H2O
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
NH3
Type:
Decomposition
Products:
NH3 N2 + H2
Balanced:
2NH3 N2 + 3H2
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions11.2 Types of Chemical Reactions
Reaction
Bi(NO3)3 + H2S
Type:
Double Replacement
Products:
Bi(NO3)3 + H2S Bi2S3 + HNO3
Balanced:
2Bi(NO3)3 + 3H2S Bi2S3 + 6HNO3
Starter S-111
What type of reaction is
Fe + CuCl2
Write and balance the reaction
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 11
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
Many reactions take place in water – aqueous
For example, the reaction of Silver Nitrate and Sodium Chloride
But in a solution, most ionic compounds have dissociated to form ions
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
)(3)()()(3 aqsaqaq NaNOAgClNaClAgNO
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
That is they are really in this form
This is called the Complete Ionic Equation
Notice – the solid is not broken into ions, only what is in solution
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
)(3)()()(3 aqsaqaq NaNOAgClNaClAgNO
)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
Look carefully at the equation
There are Na+ and NO3- ions that stay the
same
These are called Spectator Ions
A Net Ionic Equation shows only ions that actually do something in a reaction
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
Net Ionic Equation
Try this one
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
)(3)()()()()(3)( aqaqsaqaqaqaq NONaAgClClNaNOAg )()()( saqaq AgClClAg
)(23)()(3)( )(22 aqsaqs NOPbAgAgNOPb )(32)()()(3)()( 2222 aqaqsaqaqs NOPbAgNOAgPb 2)()()()( 22 aqsaqs PbAgAgPb
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
Practice
Equation
Compete Ionic Equations
Net Ionic Equation
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
)(4)()(3)(43 3 saqaqaq FePONaClFeClPONa
)(4)()()(3)(
3)(4)( 3333 saqaqaqaqaqaq FePOClNaClFePONa
)(43)(
3)(4 saqaq FePOFePO
Starter S-112
Write the complete ionic and net ionic equations for
Fe(NO3)3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) Fe(OH)3(s) + 3NaNO3(aq)
Complete IonicFe+3
(aq)+3NO3-(aq) + 3Na+
(aq)+3OH-(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)+ 3Na+
(aq)+3NO3-(aq)
Net Ionic
Fe+3(aq)+3OH-
(aq) Fe(OH)3(s)
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
Precipitate – separates from a solution as a solid
Predicted using a solubility
chart
In the reaction
Is either product a solid?
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq
Chart
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
AgCl – insoluble
NaNO3
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
AgCl – insoluble - solid
NaNO3
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
AgCl – insoluble - solid
NaNO3 – soluble
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq
11.2 Type of Chemical Reactions
AgCl – insoluble - solid
NaNO3 – soluble - aqueous
11.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
3)()(3 NaNOAgClNaClAgNO aqaq