1A Look at the Regions

A Look at the RegionsA complementary resource to:

A Stronger Tomorrow, State Infrastructure Strategy Discussion Paper

June 2020

2 Infrastructure WA

Introduction 3

Kimberley 4

Pilbara 8

Gascoyne 12

Mid West 16

Wheatbelt 20

Peel 24

South West 28

Great Southern 32

Goldfields-Esperance 36

Perth 40

Contents

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Acknowledgment of CountryInfrastructureWAacknowledgesthetraditionalcustodiansthroughoutWesternAustraliaandtheircontinuingconnectiontotheland,watersandcommunity.WepayourrespectstoallmembersoftheAboriginalcommunitiesandtheircultures–andtoEldersbothpastandpresent.

WithinWesternAustralia,thetermAboriginalisusedinpreferencetoAboriginaland Torres StraitIslander,inrecognitionthatAboriginalpeoplearetheoriginalinhabitantsofWestern Australia.AboriginalandTorres StraitIslandermaybereferredtointhenationalcontext.

IntroductionIn developing Western Australia’s first 20-year State Infrastructure Strategy (Strategy), the role and needs of the regions are critically important. To assist in understanding each region, the following profiles have been developed, which should be read in conjunction with A Stronger Tomorrow, State Infrastructure Strategy Discussion Paper.

Theseprofilesprovidehighlevelsummaryinformationandarenotintendedtobeacomprehensiveoverviewofeachregion.Keychallengesandopportunitieshavebeenidentified,basedonInfrastructureWA’sinitialconsiderationandfeedbackfromengagementwithmanyregionalstakeholders.AsoutlinedinSection4:TheroleoftheregionsofA Stronger Tomorrow,therearemanyothersignificantissuesthatarefacedbyoneormoreregions.

OurspatialapproachtothenineregionshasbeentoadopttheboundariesdefinedbytheRegional Development Commission Act 1993andincludesthePerthmetropolitanareaasthe tenthregion.

OneofthesignificantissuesweareseekingfeedbackonistheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemiconyourregion,andanyopportunitiesorchallengesthatmayemergeasaresult(inrelationtoinfrastructure).WhenpreparingyoursubmissionontheDiscussionPaperweencourageyoutoidentifyimplicationsofthepandemiconinfrastructure,particularlyoverthemediumandlong-term(fiveto20years).ThiswillassistwithdevelopingtheStrategyandensuringthatWesternAustraliaemergesfromthepandemicstronger,smarterandmoreresilientthanbefore.

3A Look at the Regions

Kimberley

4 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Kimberley:

has the youngest regional population, with a median age of 321

is home to Western Australia’s largest marine park and World

Heritage-listed Purnululu2

is where you will find Lake Argyle, the largest man-made freshwater

reservoir on mainland Australia3

5A Look at the Regions – Kimberley

The Kimberley is a vast and remote region in the north of Western Australia known for its rugged natural-beauty, unique biodiversity and rich Aboriginal culture. With a geographic area of over 420,000 square kilometres, the Kimberley consists of four local government areas and has key regional centres in Broome and Kununurra.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$600million.Majorprojectsincluded:improvementsandupgradestoroads;deliveryofjustice,health,communityandtelecommunicationservices;andsupportfortourism,agricultureandwaterresources.4

With a nominal Gross Regional Product (GRP)of$3billionin2018-19,theKimberleycontributed1.1percenttowardsGrossStateProduct(GSP).5 Mining, agriculture, construction, tourism and retail trade are theKimberley’skeyindustries.Ontheglobalstage,itspearlsandpinkdiamondsareworld-renowned,and The New York Times listedtheKimberleyasoneofthetopfiveplacesintheworldtovisitin2020.Due to

itscloseproximitytoSouthEastAsia,thereareopportunitiesfortheKimberleyto contribute to an increasing demand for high-quality products.

WhilethepopulationoftheKimberleyreachedanestimatedresidentialpopulationhigh of 38,802 in 2013, the current estimated residentpopulationof35,901ispredictedtoreach39,575by2031.6Thepopulationswellswith tourists during the dry season (May to September),whichplacessignificantstrainoninfrastructureandsupportservices.

Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent49.9percentofthepopulation.7 However, they face higher ratesofunemployment,considerablyhigher rates of incarceration, and significanthealthandsocialissues.

6 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Deliveringresilientessential

infrastructure to a relatively small anddispersedpopulation,particularlyremotecommunities.

• ImprovingAboriginalengagementand reducing disadvantage including decreasingunemploymentrates.

• Attractingandretainingpeopleandindustryintheregion.

• Buildingontourismopportunitiesand successes.

• Maximisingprimaryindustry,mining and resources, and tourism opportunitiesthroughprovisionofenablinginfrastructure.

• Improvinginfrastructurenetworkresilience to withstand and recover fromtheimpactsofextremeweather events.In addition, remote communitiesoften

experienceissueswiththequalityandconsistentsupplyofdrinkingwater,power,communications,transportaccess,andhumanservices.Infrastructurethatwillleverageandsupporttheirpotentialis important.

Rainfall in the Kimberley is highly variable, however over the last half century there has been an overall increase in wet weather patternsacrosstheregionandanincreasedintensityinextremerainfalleventsispredicted.8 The abundant water resources haveopenedupopportunitiesintheEastKimberley,inparticularinagriculturethroughtheOrdRiverIrrigationScheme.Annualfloods,cyclonesandbushfiresregularlycut-offaccesstoinfrastructure,includingimportanttransportlinks.Managinginfrastructuretosupportthebest use of natural resources, including world-renownedattractionsthatdrawtourists,whilepreservingbiodiversity,requirescarefulconsideration.

On the global stage, its pearls and pink diamonds are world-renowned, and

The New York Times listed the Kimberley as one of

the top five places in the world to visit in 2020.

7A Look at the Regions – Kimberley

Pilbara

8 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Pilbara:

covers 20 per cent of Western Australia’s land mass, equating to an area twice the size of Victoria

accounts for a massive 36 per cent of Australia’s merchandise exports9

has transport infrastructure which supports the world’s largest and most

sophisticated bulk exports program

is where technological innovation has seen remote mining operations

pioneered from which productivity and export opportunities have prospered

9A Look at the Regions – Pilbara

The Pilbara region is known for its ancient landscapes, rich natural mineral deposits and one of the world’s largest collections of Aboriginal engraved rock art. With a geographic area of over 500,000 square kilometres, the Pilbara consists of four local government areas, and has key regional centres in Port Hedland and Karratha.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$1.6billion.Majorprojectsincluded:improvementsandupgradestoroads;powerstationandothernetworkupgrades;anewhealthcampus;andportoptimisation.10

WithanominalGRPof$46.6billionin2018-19,thePilbaracontributed16.3 per centtowardsGSP.11EconomicactivityinthePilbaraisdominatedbyironoreandliquefiednatural gas and the associated construction workoftheseindustries.Together,theresource and construction sectors account foralmost90 percentofeconomicoutput,andmorethanhalfofemploymentintheregion.PrivateinvestmentinthePilbaraissignificant,withbillionsofdollarsinnewprojectsunderconstruction,andanumberofproponentsconsideringprojectsin

emerging industries such as chemicals, mineralprocessing,renewableenergy,salt and potash.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationofthePilbarawas62,093–an increasefrom40,429in1999-2000–and ispredictedtoreach63,870by2031.12 Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent19percentofthepopulation.13TheNorthWestAboriginalHousing Fund aims to deliver a range of affordablehousing,firsttimeemploymentopportunities,educationandemployment-relatedaccommodationinthePilbara.Thisincludesapprenticeandemployeetransition accommodation in Roebourne, and transitional housing, child care facilities andage-appropriateaccommodationinTom Price.

10 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Providingaccesstoqualitysocial

services, including health, education andchildcaretoimproveliveability.

• Maximisingthebenefitsofinvestmentthrough attracting and retaining skilledworkers.

• Relievinghousingmarketpressuresrelated to the investment cycles of the resourcesindustry.

• ImprovingAboriginaleconomicdevelopment,includingopportunitiesthroughStateGovernmentprojectsandprocurementpolicy.

• Providingadditionalportinfrastructure to facilitate new marketsanddirectimportationfromAsiansupplychains.

• Improvinginfrastructurenetworkresilience to withstand and recover fromtheimpactsofextremeweather events.

• Improvingaccesstowatersupplies,particularlyforindustry.

There are indications that government investmenttosupportimprovedliveabilityandhousingaffordabilityiscontributingtoanincreasingnumberofpeoplewantingtoliveintheregion.TheCityofKarrathareportedthattheproportionofresidentswithnoplanstoleavetheCityincreasedfrom14percentin2011to42percentin2019.14 Issues which detract from the region’sliveability,includingashortageofchildcareplacesandpressureonkeyservices such as education and health, needtobeovercome.

The climate in the Pilbara is arid and tropical.Cyclonesarecommonduringthesummer months and contribute to the average annual rainfall of between 200 to400millimetres.15 From 2000 to 2020, MarbleBarrecordedameanmaximumtemperatureover37.8degreesCelsius(100degreesFahrenheit)forsix monthsoftheyear.16 Providing enabling infrastructure that is resilient during extremeweatherconditionsisimportantforregionalgrowth.

Economic activity in the Pilbara is dominated by iron ore and

liquefied natural gas and the associated construction work

of these industries.

11A Look at the Regions – Pilbara

Gascoyne

12 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Gascoyne:

is Western Australia’s least populated region, home to

World Heritage-listed Ningaloo Coast and Shark Bay World Heritage Area

has pastoral leases covering

84 per cent of its land mass17

enjoys around 320 days of sunshine per year – the highest average daily solar exposure in Western Australia18

13A Look at the Regions – Gascoyne

The Gascoyne is the western-most point of Australia, with over 600 kilometres of coastline and Australia’s largest and most accessible fringing reef, which was recently named a global Hope Spot (a place scientifically identified as critical to the health of the world's oceans). With a geographic area of over 135,000 square kilometres, the Gascoyne consists of four local government areas and has a key regional centre in Carnarvon.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$325million.Majorprojectsincludedpowerstationupgrades;upgradesandimprovementstoroads;healthcampusredevelopment;andtheCarnarvonPoliceandJusticecomplex.19

WithanominalGRPof$1.5billionin2018-19,theGascoynecontributed0.5 per centtowardsGSP.20 Tourism, primaryindustries,retailandminingaretheGascoyne’smajorcontributorsto GRP.The regionalsoaccountsforalargeshareofWesternAustralia’ssaltproduction.Although substantialoilandgasproductiontakesplaceintheExmouthsub-basin,offshorefromNorthWestCape,itiscarriedoutinCommonwealthwatersandtheproductionvalueisnotconsideredtobeapartoftheGascoyneeconomy.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationoftheGascoynewas9,277andispredictedtoreach10,485by 2031.21

Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent18percentofthepopulation.22 Tourism is the largest contributortothelocaleconomy–theannual average visitation to the Gascoyne between2016and2018was337,400,andduring2017-18visitorsspent$359 million.23 Tourists are drawn to the region’sWorldHeritage-listedareas–NingalooCoastandSharkBay–whichare each also recognised as one of 16 regionsonAustralia’sNationalLandscapesProgram,aprogramthatpromotesandsupportstheconservationofAustralianlandscapesthatofferuniquelyAustraliantourismexperiences.24Leveraging tourismopportunitiesintheGascoynewillneedtobeconsidered in conjunction with wider tourism opportunities acrossWestern Australia.

TheGascoyneisknownasakeyfoodbowl.TheCarnarvonHorticultureDistrictisconsideredthebest-managedirrigationdistrictinAustralia,andcontributes

14 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Capitalisingonglobaltourismtrends

bypursuingtourismventures.

• Exploringpotentialforfurtherinvestmentinfisheriesandaquaculture.

• Improvinginfrastructurenetworkresilience to withstand and recover fromtheimpactsofextremeweatherevents,andtoprotecttheregion’sfoodbowlstatus.

• Addressingwidespreadskillshortages.

• Ensuringsustainableaccesstopotablewateroverthelong-term,while balancing reliance on groundwatersources.

• Improvingaccesstoqualitysecondary education.

99.5 per centofthetotalproductionvalueofWesternAustralianbananas.25VastseagrasspaddocksinShark BayandExmouthGulfprovidemostoftheState’sprawnsandscallops.26Resilient infrastructureandsupplychainsareneededtomitigatetheimpactofcyclonesandfloodsontheproductionanddistributionoffresh produce.

The Gascoyne River ground and surface waterresourcesarevitalforCarnarvontownsupply,andtheirrigatedhorticulturalindustry.GroundwaterfromtheLowerGascoynealluvialaquiferisthemainwatersource.Salinityisacriticalissueforgroundwater management in the water allocationplanarea.LicenseesandtheCarnarvoncommunityareactivelyinvolvedinmanagingtheextractionofwaterintheLowerGascoynetominimisetheimpactsofsalinityontheresource.SurfacewaterintheLowerGascoyneplanareaisonlyavailableduring, or immediately after, the Gascoyne Riverflowsandlicenseescanapplytoaccessthisunrestrictedwaterwhenitisabundant.27 Ensuringsustainableaccesstopotablewateroverthelong-term,whilebalancingrelianceongroundwatersources,isimportant.

The Carnarvon Horticulture District is considered the

best‑managed irrigation district in Australia, and contributes

99.5 per cent of the total production value of Western

Australian bananas.

15A Look at the Regions – Gascoyne

Mid West

16 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Mid West:

contains the largest inland grain facility in the

southern hemisphere28

averages 260 sunny days annually29

is one of only five areas in the world with both marine and terrestrial biodiversity hotspots of

national or international significance30

17A Look at the Regions – Mid West

The Mid West region offers long stretches of coastline with limestone cliffs, sand plains, wildflowers and the world’s oldest rock formations. With a geographic area of over 472,000 square kilometres – one fifth of the land area of Western Australia – the Mid West consists of 17 local government areas and has a key regional centre in Geraldton.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$678million.Majorprojectsincluded:healthcampusredevelopmentandnewfacilities;educationprojects;energyprojects;andvisitoroperationsandinfrastructureattheHoutmanAbrolhosIslandsNationalParkandKalbarriNationalPark(KalbarriSkywalk).31

WithanominalGRPof$8.2billionin2018-19,theMidWestcontributed2.9 per centtowardsGSP.32Mining,agriculture,fishing,tourism, retail and manufacturing are the MidWest’skeyindustries.Asthemosteconomically-diverseoftheregions,freightroutesandsupplychainsareimportantfortheMidWest–furtherworkisrequiredtocapitaliseoncurrentinfrastructureandtodevelopinfrastructurethatfacilitatesongoingeconomicgrowth.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationoftheMidWestwas53,655andispredictedtoremainlargelystableat52,830by2031.33 The urban area of Geraldtonrepresentsover70percentoftheMidWest’stotalpopulation.34TheCityofGreaterGeraldtonandtheShireofChapmanValleyaretheonlytwolocalgovernmentareaswherethepopulationispredictedtoincrease.Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent12.9percentofthepopulation.35

Duetoexceptionallylowradiointerferenceandexcellentastronomicalobservationconditions, the Mid West is home to the MurchisonRadio-astronomyObservatory,whichhoststwoworld-leadingradioastronomytelescopes.RadioquietisprotectedbytheAustralianRadioQuietZoneWesternAustralia.In2012,theMidWestwasselectedtohostoneoftwoprimary

18 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Unlockingnewindustrydevelopment

opportunities,particularlyresourceprojects.

• Improvingamenity,suchashealthand education, to attract and retain a residentpopulation.

• Promoting the strategic and sustainabledevelopmentofnewtourismopportunities.

• Maximisingeconomicopportunitiesthroughefficientsupplychainsandenterprisegradedigitalconnectivity.

• Identifyingopportunitiestogrowagricultureandfisheries,whilstmitigating and managing climate changeimpacts.

• CapitalisingontheSKAtodeliverbroaderregionalspaceeconomybenefits.

• Identifying energy and water infrastructure solutions to address supplyconstraintsandsupportindustrygrowth.

radio-telescopelocationsfortheSquareKilometreArray(SKA),aglobalscienceprojecttobuildtheworld’slargestandmostcapableradio telescope.36

The Mid West has a diverse range of minerals andhasasignificantmagnetitesupply,whichdifferentiatestheregionfrommineralresourceareaswithafocusonhematite.Itisalsohighlyprospectiveforwind,wave,geothermalandbiomassenergyproduction.The Mid West may have a role as a future energyhubincludingrenewable hydrogen.

Duetoanidealclimateandoffshorestructures, the Mid West region is host totheState'slargestfishingsectorwitha dominant rock lobster industry, and an emergingaquaculturesector,includingfinfishandoysters.Theregionproducesapproximatelyone-thirdofWesternAustralia’sfishery(byexportvalue).37 Opportunitiestogrowthefishingsectorinthe Mid West will need to be balanced with the need to mitigate and manage climate changeimpacts.

The Mid West region is host to the State's largest fishing

sector with a dominant rock lobster industry, and an

emerging aquaculture sector.

19A Look at the Regions – Mid West

Wheatbelt

20 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Wheatbelt:

is Western Australia’s largest agricultural producer by value38

is home to the Pinnacles and Wave Rock

produces over 50 per cent of the State’s renewable

energy from wind farms39

21A Look at the Regions – Wheatbelt

The Wheatbelt is primarily an agricultural region, with an environment ideal for renewable energy generation, and is attractive to visitors for nature-based, adventure and aviation tourism. Key national transport routes traverse the region, providing strategic supply chain links to the Perth metropolitan area. With a geographic area of over 150,000 square kilometres, the Wheatbelt consists of 42 local governments. While the Shire of Northam has the largest resident base, there is no single dominant regional centre.

From2012-13to2018-19governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$257million.Majorprojectsincluded:national,stateandsecondaryfreightroadupgrades;establishmentofnationalparks;healthredevelopmentsandupgrades;improvementstotheperformanceofthefarmlandswatersupplysystem;andtherefurbishmentofwastewaterinfastructure.40

WithanominalGRPof$7.1billionin2018-19,theWheatbeltcontributed2.5percenttowardsGSP.41Agriculture,forestry,fishingandminingarethegreatesteconomiccontributors.AsthelargestagriculturalproducingregioninWesternAustralia,theWheatbeltisaworld-leadingproducerofexportcommodities,inparticularcerealgrains.Establishedin1926,theMureskInstituteinNorthamisaskillshubformodernagriculturalpracticesand delivers industry driven training

opportunities.Continuing toplanforandprovideinfrastructurethatsupportstheregion’sstrongagriculturalproductionandopportunitiesfordiversificationisimportant.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationoftheWheatbeltwas73,437.TheWesternAustralianPlanningCommissionforecastapopulationof70,740by 2031, however there are divergent views onwhetherthepopulationmaymoderatelyincreaseorfallovertime.42Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplerepresent5.9per centofthepopulation.43Thepopulationishighlydispersedwithover200townsandsettlements.Continuedworkwillberequiredto reform service delivery to use modern methods and technology to achieve best outcomesforsuchadispersedpopulation.

TheWheatbeltisreliantuponelectricityfromWesternPower’sSouthWestInterconnectedSystem(SWIS).Limitationsinelectricitytransmissionleadstoinsufficient

22 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Harnessing alternative energy

generation such as solar, wind and biomassforWesternAustraliasupplyandtosupportindustrydevelopmentwithintheWheatbelt.

• Improvingthequalityofsupplychainstoensureindustriescanefficientlyaccess markets, and increasing GPS capabilityandreliability.

• Supportinganinnovationcultureforthetestingandcreationofagri-techthatcanbeadoptedworldwide.

• Supportinggrowthinsecondaryindustrythatisexpandingfromitsbaseofservicingtheregion’sprimaryindustriesofagricultureandmining.

• SupportinggrowthinsmalltomediumenterprisesforwhichtheWheatbelt’stransportinfrastructureisacomparativeadvantage.

• Developingstrategiesandsolutionstomaximisewatersupplytosupportbusinessesandcommunities.

capacityandresultsinhighercostsforlargeindustrialcustomerstoconnect.The regionhasclimaticandgeographicconditions conducive to wind, solar and biomass renewable energy generation, andgeneratesover50percentofWesternAustralia’srenewableenergyfromwindfarms.44Connectioncostsandcapacityconstraintsinthedistributionand transmission network are inhibiting thedevelopmentofenergygenerationinthe region, limiting the ability to increase its contribution to the renewable energy market.Notwithstandingtheseconstraints,thereislikelytobefutureopportunitiesfornewrenewablegeneratorstosupportindustrydevelopmentintheregion.

The Wheatbelt is serviced through three mainwatersupplies.Outsideofthewatersupplyschemes,settlementsrelyonarangeofindependentwatersources,primarilyfromstrategiccommunitywatersupplyfacilitiesincludingsurfacewatercapture,non-strategicAgriculturalAreaDams,rainwatercollectionandgroundwater.To addresswaterdeficienciesintheWheatbelt,resilientwaterinfrastructureandimprovedwater management is essential to the sustainabilityofagriculturalproductionandother industries.

As the largest agricultural producing region in Western

Australia, the Wheatbelt is a world‑leading producer

of export commodities, in particular cereal grains.

23A Look at the Regions – Wheatbelt

Peel

24 Infrastructure WA

Did you know that Peel is:

geographically Western Australia’s smallest region

home to Mandurah (the region's major business hub); Pinjarra (one of the oldest

towns in Western Australia); and the Serpentine National Park

where you will find the world’s  largest bauxite mine and Australia’s

largest producing gold mine

25A Look at the Regions – Peel

Peel is a highly attractive region in which to live, characterised by coastal, farming and native forest areas, estuaries, dams and escarpments. In close proximity to Perth and with a geographic area of over 6,000 square kilometres, Peel consists of five local government areas and has a major regional centre in Mandurah.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$210million.Majorprojectsincluded:publictransportinfrastructure;roadupgradesanddevelopment;andinvestmentintourism,arts,culture,healthand education.45

WithanominalGRPof$9.2billionin 2018-19,Peelcontributed3.2percenttowards GSP.46 Mining, construction, manufacturing, agriculture and tourism (including environmental tourism) are thekey industriessupportingeconomicoutcomes.Mineralprocessingdominatesthe regional economy due to an abundance ofmineralresources,includingtheworld’slargestbauxitemine,mineralsandsandAustralia’slargestproducinggoldmine.

The regionsupportsover37,600jobs,withretailalargeemployer,andfutureopportunitiesopeningupasaresultoftheTransformPeelfoodzone,businessparkandwaterinitiative.47 The Perth to Mandurah passengerraillineprovidesPeelresidentswiththeoptiontocommutetoPerthandbeyondforemployment.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationofPeelwas142,960andispredictedtoreach212,540by2031.48 Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent2.8percentofthepopulation.49Withanageingpopulation,and many residents working outside the region, Peel faces various challenges in providinginnovativeinfrastructurethatsupportstheneedsofdiversegroups.

26 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Ongoingimplementationof

TransformPeelinitiativestoprovideadiversifiedindustrybase.

• Exploringinnovationinproductionmethods and renewable energy toincreasecompetitivenessoftheagri-businesssector.

• Establishingnew,non-climatedependentsourcesofwatersupply.

• Protectingtheregion’sdiversenaturalassetsforfuturegenerations.

• Maximisingregionalemploymentself-sufficiencythroughlocaljob creation.

• Ensuringeconomicandsocialinfrastructureservicesareprovidedinacoordinated,cost-effectiveandtimelymanner.

Health, education and communications infrastructure is well established, providinganumberoflocaloptions,andthefoundationuponwhichtosupportfurthergrowth.Day-trippersfromPerthare attracted to the amenities and natural attractionsofthePeelregion.

Peelhasanextensivewetlandsystemofnationalandinternationalsignificance.A growingpopulation,togetherwithincreasing recreational and economic activity,isputtingpressureonthesewetlandsandtheuniquefloraandfaunatheysupport.Withadryingclimate,groundwater resources in the region are ofincreasingimportance.ReservoirsalongtheDarlingScarpstoresurfacewaterthatsuppliesPerth,southernirrigationdistrictsandPeelindustries.Continuingtosustainablymanagewatersuppliesandsupportinginfrastructure,whileensuringtheprotectionofnaturalassets,iscritical.

The region supports over 37,600 jobs, with retail a

large employer, and future opportunities opening up

as a result of the Transform Peel food zone, business

and water initiative.

27A Look at the Regions – Peel

South West

28 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the South West is:

the most populated and most visited region of Western

Australia outside of Perth

a biodiversity hotspot, with world-class walking tracks and cycling trails

one of the highest rated regions to live in Western Australia for its lifestyle, sense of

community and happiness50

29A Look at the Regions – South West

The South West is known for its ideal climate, pristine coastline, wineries, tall forests, rolling farmland and relaxed lifestyle. With a geographic area of over 23,000 square kilometres, the South West consists of 12 local government areas and has a major regional centre in Bunbury and a key regional centre in Busselton.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$1billion.Majorprojectsincluded:criticalgatewayinfrastructure-upgradestotheregionalairport,majorroads,Bunburyportupgradeandwaterfronttransformation;Collietransition;deliveryofeducation,health,justiceandtelecommunicationinitiatives;newdesalinationplant;andsupporttowardsagriculture, tourism and general industry development.51

WithanominalGRPof$14.2billionin2018-19,theSouthWestcontributedfive per centtowardsGSP.52Agriculture,mining, manufacturing, retail trade and tourismaretheSouthWest’skeyindustries.Theregion’scloseproximitytoPerth,andwell-establishedhigh-qualityinfrastructurenetworks,alongwithampleindustrialland,supportopportunitiesforeconomicgrowth.NewAustralindrailcarsforPerthtoBunburyservicesareexpectedin2022-23.

Overthepastfewdecades,theSouthWesthasdiversifieditstraditionalagricultureandtimberindustries,whichhasopenedupnewdemandintourism,viticultureandresources.The SouthWestishometotheworld’slargestoperatinglithiummine at Greenbushes, with the associated developmentofdownstreamprocessingfacilitiesatKemerton.

Withanestimatedpopulationof179,791inJune2019,consistentannualgrowthof1.7 per centisforecasttocontinueandseethepopulationreach226,380by2031.53 Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresentthreepercentofthepopulation,andtheirincreasingengagementprovidesastablefoundationonwhichtheregioncangrow.54Creativeindustrieswillcontinuetodevelopthankstoprofessionalssuchasfilmmakers,animatorsandmusicians that are attracted to live in the SouthWest.Therearealsoopportunitiestoincrease the number of students accessing

30 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Continuingtosupporttheeconomic

diversificationandtransitionofCollieandothercentres.

• Addressingtheincreasingdemandonexistinginfrastructurestemmingfromtheregion’swarmingclimate,whichisresultinginaninfluxofsea-changers,tree-changersandretirees.

• Supportingthedevelopmentofagri-innovationhubsthatcanlinkdomesticandexportopportunities.

• Providingincreasedspecialisedsecondary education and tertiary education centres linked to creative, innovationandregionaltechnologyhubs.

• MaximisingAboriginalengagementandcontribution, including on initiatives such asaffordablehousing,culturemappingandthedevelopmentofculturalcentres.

• Promotingtourismopportunitiestoattract visitors to the region, including leveragingfromnewopportunitiessuchastheupgradedBusselton-MargaretRiverAirportandregionaltrailsinfrastructure.

• SupportingthegrowthofagloballysignificantlithiumindustryandcontinuingdevelopmentofdownstreamprocessingfacilitiesatKemerton.

• Leveragingopportunitiespresentedbyzonedindustrialland,high-qualitytransportnetworksandportcapability.

higher education through strategies for both vocational and tertiary education in theregion.Continuingtoprovideaccessto health, education, arts, culture, housing and justice infrastructure and services willbeanimportantpartofsupportingsocial development.

Stateforest,nationalparksandregionalparkscovermorethan60percentoftheSouth West and contain remarkable natural attractions–amajordrawcardtotheregion.Other attractions include major events, food andwine,anduniqueactivities,suchastheBluesatBridgetown,SouthernForesttruffles,MargaretRiverwineries,DolphinDiscoveryCentreandBusseltonJetty.TheSouthWestentices more tourists than any other region outsidePerth,andoffersopportunitiesforinfrastructurethatsupportsgetting-out-into-nature.Over thepast100years,theminimumandmaximumtemperaturesonadecade-by-decadeaverageatCapeLeeuwin,havesteadilyrisen.55Thistrendispredictedto continue, along with rising sea levels and reducedrainfall.Preservingtheregion’srichenvironmentallandscapewhilemaximisingitseconomicandsocialpotentialwillbe important.

State forest, national parks and regional parks cover more than 60 per cent of the South West.

31A Look at the Regions – South West

Great Southern

32 Infrastructure WA

Did you know the Great Southern:

is Western Australia’s second largest agricultural

production region56

has the capacity to provide 80 per cent of Albany’s annual electricity needs, through

clean, renewable energy from wind farms57

possesses a strong tertiary education offering

plans to recycle 100 per cent of its wastewater by 204058

33A Look at the Regions – Great Southern

The Great Southern region offers a unique combination of rugged coastlines, pristine beaches and ancient forests and is recognised as a major residential and tourist destination. With a geographical area of over 39,000 square kilometres, the Great Southern consists of 11 local government areas and has a key regional centre in Albany.

From2012-13to2018-19governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$164million.Majorprojectsincluded:upgradesandimprovementstoroads;resourcecentreredevelopment;hospitalandschoolupgrades;affordablehousingandstudentaccommodationprovision;andinvestmentin marinerenewableenergyresearch.59

WithanominalGRPofapproximately$4.1 billionin2018-19,theGreatSoutherncontributed1.4percenttowardsGSP.60 Primaryproductionisthebackboneoftheregion’seconomy,throughwool,broadacrecropping,livestock,timberandfishing.Tourismandviticulturearelong-standingcontributors,withtheNationalANZACCentreinAlbanyanawardwinningattraction.Theeconomyisdiversifyingintonewareasofendeavour,includingshellfishaquacultureproductionandwaveenergy

research.ThePortofAlbanyexportsalmostfourmilliontonnesofproductperyear,thelargestexportbeinggrainfollowedbywoodproducts,andarelativelysmallvolumeofminerals.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationoftheGreatSouthernwas60,993 andispredictedtoreach66,400by2031.61Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent4.7percentofthepopulation.62Astrongartsandentertainment culture sees the Great Southernhostpopularfestivalsandworld-classexhibitions.Technicalandtertiaryeducationproviderssupplylocalresidentswithlocaloptions.Touristsareattracted to the many outdoor activities theGreatSouthernprovides,includingthe trailheads of the Bibbulmun and Munda Bidditracks.Theregion’snaturalfeatures and climate are attracting a

34 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Upgradingthequalityandefficiency

of the road network to enhance the competitivenessofprimaryproducersinglobalmarkets.

• Developingstrategiesandsolutionstomaximisewatersupplytosupportbusinessesandcommunities.

• Contributingtothesustainabilityofnorthern and eastern (hinterland) rural communities through improvedservicesincludinghealthand education, and infrastructure includingwaterandpower.

• Supportingtourismgrowthbycontinuingtocapitaliseontheregion’snatural, cultural, heritage and other tourismassetsandactivities.

• Tappingintoexpandingglobalmarketsforprimaryproduction(includingaquaculture).

• Making advancements in marine and renewable energy technology through theWaveEnergyResearchCentre.

• Growingtheregion’shighereducationsectorbyfurtherdevelopingofferingstoattractinternationalstudents.

growing number of new residents seeking asea-changeortree-changelifestyle.Planningforandprovidingenablingandsocialinfrastructurethatsupportsgrowthrequiresongoingconsideration.

Adeclineinrainfalloverthewintermonthsinthesouth-westregionsofWesternAustralia,includinginpartsoftheGreatSouthern,overthepast20yearshascontributedtoareducedinflowintomanysurfacedams.63 In some towns not connectedtotheLowerGreatSouthernTownsWaterSupplyScheme,suppliesarebecoming critically low, with investment proposedtoconnectDenmarktothescheme.Below-averagerainfallhasalsoimpactedon-farmstoragesources,localgovernmentdamsandDepartmentofWaterandEnvironmentalRegulationstrategiccommunitywatersupplies,whichare held for emergency use when low rainfallcauseson-farmsuppliestofail.ToaddresswaterdeficienciesintheGreatSouthern, resilient water infrastructure is essential.

The Port of Albany exports almost four million tonnes

of product per year.

35A Look at the Regions – Great Southern

Goldfields-Esperance

36 Infrastructure WA

Did you know that Goldfields‑Esperance:

is home to Australia’s largest outback city, Kalgoorlie-Boulder

has the deepest port in southern Australia and is the largest exporter of nickel

concentrate in the southern hemisphere64

is where Australia’s first wind farm was built in 1987 at Salmon Beach, Esperance

37A Look at the Regions – Goldfields-Esperance

The nature of the region is diverse, with the Goldfields area best known for its rich history in gold mining and the Esperance area for its agriculture sector and world-class coastal attractions. With a geographic area of over 770,000 square kilometres – the largest region in Western Australia – Goldfields-Esperance consists of nine local government areas and has major regional centres in Kalgoorlie and Esperance.

From2012-13to2018-19,governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructuretotalledover$369million.Majorprojectsincluded:upgradesandimprovementstoroads;provisionofstudentaccommodation;highschoolandTAFEredevelopments;andimprovementstomentalhealthfacilities.65

Withaneconomicoutputofapproximately$18billionin2018-19,theregioncontributed6.3percenttowardsGSP.66 The mining sector is the greatest economic contributor, worth$10.6billionandaccountingforabout57 percentoftotalregionaloutput.In the Esperancearea,agricultureandfishingaretheprimaryeconomiccontributors.Tourism intheregiongeneratesapproximately$326 millionperyear,withkeyattractionsbeingthepristinecoastalassetsintheEsperanceareaandminingandheritage-relatedtourismofferingsintheGoldfieldsarea.67Around11milliontonnesoftradepassthroughthePortofEsperanceeachyear,withthemajorexportsbeingiron ore,nickelandgrain,andthe

mainimportsbeingfuelandfertiliser.68 TheKalgoorlie-Esperancefreightraillinetransportsproductinandoutoftheport.Interstatefreightandpassengerrailservicesbetween the eastern states and Perth run throughKalgoorlie.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationofGoldfields-Esperancewas54,363–approximately4,300lessthanadecadeago–andispredictedtoremainrelativelystableat54,265by2031.69 Aboriginaland/orTorresStraitIslanderpeoplesrepresent12.8percentofthepopulation.70ThetotalservicepopulationofKalgoorlie-Boulderisconsiderablylargerthantheresidentpopulation,duelargelytothenumberofadditionalfly-in-fly-outanddrive-in-drive-outworkers.

Kalgoorlie-BoulderisreliantuponelectricityfromWesternPower’sSWIS.Limitationsinelectricitytransmissionleadstocapacityconstraints and results in new block load customersnotbeingabletoconnect.

38 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Improvingresilienceofkeyeast-west

transportlinks.• Capitalisingonpotentialinvestmentin

existingandnewresourceprojects.• Addressingthehighcostsofoperating

in a remote area and the challenge of attracting and retaining skilled workersacrossindustrysectors.

• Combatingthechallengesassociatedwith road, rail and air infrastructure, including connectivity, cost and rail congestion.

• Improvingcommunicationsanddigital connectivity for the delivery of key health and education services by addressing matters such as slow broadbandspeeds,accesslimitationsandalackoflocaltechnicalsupportandtraining.

• Addressingthemaintenance,productivityandsafetyrequirementsofkeysupplychainswhichintersectwith road infrastructure used by the localcommunityandtourists.

The AustralianRenewableEnergyAgencyhasbackedenergyproducerEDLtodevelopa landmark hybrid renewable microgrid topowertheAgnewGoldMine.The firststageoftheprojectwasswitchedoninlate2019.71Esperanceisnotconnectedto the SWIS and electricity is currently providedviaagas-firedpowerstation(33 megawatts)constructedatthePortofEsperance.This supplyissupplementedbytheNineMileBeachandElevenMileBeach wind farms, which generate enough energytomeet20percentofEsperance’spower needs.72

ThemainwatersupplytotheGoldfieldsissuppliedbytheGoldenPipeline–one ofthelongestfreshwaterpipelinesin the world, running 600 kilometres from Mundaring Weir in Perth to Kalgoorlie-Boulder.The GoldfieldsandAgriculturalRegionWater SupplySchemeconsistsof9,601kilometresofwatermainsand serves more than 100,000 customers, farms,minesandotherenterprises.73 Currentlyaround42 percentofwastewaterisrecycledintheGoldfieldsandagriculturalareas.74Esperance sourcesitsdrinkingwaterfromlocalgroundwatersuppliesand it also uses recycled wastewater for non-potableuses.

The total service population of Kalgoorlie‑Boulder is considerably

larger than the resident population, due largely to the

number of additional fly-in-fly-out and drive-in-drive-out workers.

39A Look at the Regions – Goldfields-Esperance

Perth

40 Infrastructure WA

Did you know that Perth:

hosts more companies on the Australian Stock Exchange 35 per cent of total than any other Australian city75

is in the same time zone as 60 per cent of the world's population, which in turn is

responsible for 40 per cent of world GDP76

is home to one of the world’s largest inner-city parks –

Kings Park and Botanic Garden77

41A Look at the Regions – Perth

Perth, as Western Australia’s capital city, is known for its diverse natural and built attractions, sunny climate, consistently high liveability ratings and strong business community. As Australia’s fourth largest city and western gateway, Perth is categorised by Infrastructure Australia as a ‘fast-growing city’, together with Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.78 With a geographic area of over 6,000 square kilometres, the Perth metropolitan area consists of 30 local government areas and a central business district located by the Swan River. 79

From2012-13to2018-19governmentinvestment and commitments for critical infrastructurewassignificant,totallingover$11billion.Majorprojectsandprogramsincluded:METRONET;PerthStadium;Gateway WA;NorthLinkWA;newhealth,education, justice, emergency services, police,arts,cultureandrecreationfacilities;andplanningtomanagegrowingfreightdemands.80

WithanominalGRPofover$173.8billionin2018-19,thePerthmetropolitanareacontributed60.8percenttowardsGSP.81 Themostprominentemploymentsectorsarehealthcare and social assistance, retail trade andconstruction.Perthhasevolvedfromageographicallyisolatedcapital,tobecomea strong and connected city, increasing in globalsignificancetonowrankalongsideotherBeta+WorldCitiessuchasVancouver,CopenhagenandBotston.82

ManyinternationalresourcecompanieshavemajorcorporateofficesinPerth.Medicalresearch, defence manufacturing and shipbuilding,cybersecurityandinternational

education are other local sectors that are globallycompetitive.Infrastructurecanplayanimportantroleinretaininginternationalcompetitiveness.

InJune2019,theestimatedresidentpopulationofthePerthmetropolitanarea(excludingMandurahandthePeelregion)was1.9million,andispredictedtoreach2.6millionby2031, whilethepopulationof the Perth and Peel regions combined is expectedtoincreaseto3.5 millionby2050.83 Aboriginal and/orTorres StraitIslanderpeoplesrepresenttwopercentofthepopulation.84Historically populationgrowthhadpredominatelybeencateredforthroughgreenfielddevelopmentsontheurbanfringe.Significantplanningefforts,includingongoing urban consolidation and renewal, seektoaccommodateahigherportionoffuturepopulationgrowthwithintheexistingurban footprint.

Perth hosts major cultural, creative and sportingevents,whichdrawinternationalandnationaltourists,whorequireaccommodation,transport,foodandentertainment.UsingPerthasagateway,

42 Infrastructure WA

Key challenges and opportunities• Managingtheecologicalfootprintand

living within environmental constraints –includingagroundwatersupplythatisunderincreasing pressure.

• Providinginfrastructuretosupportpopulationgrowthwhiledeliveringamoreconsolidatedurbanform.

• Reducingdependencyonprivatevehicle use, including through increasing urban density, housing diversityandsupportinghigh-qualityalternativetransportmodes.

• Ensuringaccesstoessentialutilitiesandsocialinfrastructure.

• Supportingnewemploymentopportunities,includingthroughfurtherdiversificationintonew,high-value-addindustries.

• Maximisingopportunitiestoincreaseinternationaleducationofferings.

• CapitalisingontourismofferingsforvisitorstravellingthroughPerth.

manytouriststhentraveltootherregions.Providinghigh-qualityinfrastructure,andfurtherimprovementstoaviationaccess,can helpboostinternationalvisitordemand.

Populationgrowthwillplaceincreaseddemands on social infrastructure, includingeducation,health,justice,police,emergencyservicesandhousing.Cateringforthisgrowthwillrequiresignificantupgradesandadditionstoexistinginfrastructure,particularlyenergy,waterandtelecommunications.GroundwatersupplyinPerthislimitedandunderincreasingpressurefrombothadryingclimateandrisingdemand.Improvedwaterefficiency,water-sensitiveurbandesignandpotentiallyinvestmentinmajornewwatersupplysourceswillberequiredtosupportfuture growth.

Perthexperienceshighlevelsofdailysolarexposureandresidentshavecapitalisedontheopportunitiesthisprovidesforsolarenergy,withalargeuptakeofrooftopsolarpanels.Inthenorth-easternPerthsuburbofEllenbrook,eligibleresidentshavetheopportunitytotakepartinacommunitybatterystorageproject,anextensionofSynergyandWesternPower’sfirstPowerBanktrial.TheEnergyTransformationTaskforceisoverseeingdevelopmentoftheEnergyTransformationStrategy,whichwillprovideguidanceonhowtomaintainthesecurity,reliabilityandaffordabilityofthepowersystem.

Perth has evolved from a geographically isolated capital,

to become a strong and connected city, increasing in

global significance.

43A Look at the Regions – Perth

1 ABS(Jun2017)2001.0CensusofPopulationandHousing:GeneralCommunityProfile,Australia,20162 UNESCO(2003)WorldHeritageList–PurnululuNationalPark3 GeoscienceAustralia(Mar2020)LargestWaterbodies4 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to20185 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product20196 ABS(Jul2017)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2006to2016;ABS(Mar2020)3218.0Regional

PopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanningCommission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea

7 ABS(Aug2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June20168 WADepartmentofWaterandEnvironmentalRegulation(Mar2020)Planningforthefuture,Waterallocation

plans,Howwemanagewaterresourcesinadryingclimate,Climatetrends-Kimberley9 PilbaraDevelopmentCommission(Apr2015) Pilbara Regional Investment Blueprint, Technical Report10 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201811 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201912 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea;ABS(Feb2001)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth1999-2000

13 ABS(Aug2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201614 CityofKarratha(Mar2020)CommunitySurvey,2019ResultsSummary15 WADepartmentofWaterandEnvironmentalRegulation(Mar2020)Planningforthefuture,Waterallocation

plans,Howwemanagewaterresourcesinadryingclimate,Climatetrends-Pilbara16 BureauofMeteorology(Mar2020)Climate,Climatedataonline,Monthlyclimatestatistics,Allyearsof

record, Summary statistics Marble Bar17 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Aug2018)Gascoyne–ARegionalProfile18 Ibid19 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201820 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201921 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea22 ABS(Aug2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201623 GascoyneDevelopmentCommission(Mar2020)Industryprofilesandopportunities24 AustralianDepartmentofAgriculture,WaterandtheEnvironment(Mar2020)NationalLandscapes25 GascoyneDevelopmentCommission(Mar2020)Industryprofilesandopportunities26 Ibid 27 WADepartmentofWaterandEnvironmentalRegulation(Oct2011) Lower Gascoyne water allocation plan28 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Aug2018)MidWest:Aregionalprofile29 MidWestDevelopmentCommission(Mar2020)LivingintheMidWest30 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Aug2018)MidWest:Aregionalprofile31 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201832 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201933 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea34 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,201935 ABS(Aug2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201636 AustralianDepartmentofIndustry,Science,EnergyandResources(Mar2020)Co-hostingtheSquare

KilometreArray

End notes

44 Infrastructure WA

37 MidWestDevelopmentCommission(Mar2020)WorkingintheMidWest,AquacultureintheMidWest38 ABS(Apr2019)7503.0ValueofAgriculturalCommoditiesProduced,Australia2017-1839 AustralianEnergyMarketOperator(Jun2019) Wholesale Electricity Market Electricity Statement of

Opportunities

40 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201841 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201942 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11-LocalGovernmentArea43 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201644 AustralianEnergyMarketOperator(2019)Wholesale Electricity Market Electricity Statement of Opportunities45 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201846 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201947 REMPLAN(Mar2020)EconomyProfile,PeelRegion48 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea49 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201650 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustryandRegionalDevelopment(Dec2013) Living in the Regions 2013:

A survey of attitudes and perceptions about living in regional Western Australia51 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201852 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201953 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea54 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201655 BureauofMeteorology(Mar2020)Long-termtemperaturerecord,ACORN-SATstationdataandnetwork56 WADepartmentofRegionalDevelopmentandPrimaryIndustries(Aug2018)GreatSouthern:ARegional

Profile57 BrightEnergyInvestments(Mar2020)AlbanyGrasmereWindFarm58 WADepartmentofRegionalDevelopmentandPrimaryIndustries(Aug2018)GreatSouthern:ARegional

Profile59 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201860 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201961 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea62 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201663 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)ClimatetrendsinWestern

Australia64 SouthernPortsAuthority(Mar2020)AboutthePortofEsperance65 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201866 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201967 REMPLAN(Mar2020)EconomyProfile,Goldfields-EsperanceRegion68 SouthernPortsAuthority(Mar2020)AboutthePortofEsperance69 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea70 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June201671 EDL(Mar2020)Agnew

45A Look at the Regions

72 Synergy(Mar2020)Windenergy,Ourwindfarms,EsperanceWind-GasSystem73 WaterCorporation(Mar2020)Watersupply,Ourregionalwatersupply,GoldfieldsandAgricultural74 Ibid75 WesternAustralianDepartmentofJobs,Tourism,ScienceandInnovation(May2020)InvestinWA,

Keyfacts,Headquarters76 WAGovernment(2016)Western Australian Innovation Strategy77 WABotanicGardens&ParksAuthority(Mar2020)KingsParkandBotanicGarden78 InfrastructureAustralia(Jun2019)An Assessment of Australia’s Future Infrastructure Needs, The Australian

Infrastructure Audit 201979 Fromaplanningperspective,the30localgovernmentareasincludetheShireofSerpentine-Jarrahdale,

however under the Regional Development Commission Act 1993 itfallswithinthePeelregionalboundary.80 WAandAustralianDepartmentsofTreasury(Mar2020)StateandFederalBudgets2012to201881 WADepartmentofPrimaryIndustriesandRegionalDevelopment(Nov2019)NominalGrossRegional

Product201982 LoughboroughUniversityGlobalizationandWorldCitiesResearchNetwork(May2020)TheWorld

AccordingtoGaWC201883 ABS(Mar2020)3218.0RegionalPopulationGrowth,Australia,2019;WesternAustralianPlanning

Commission(2019)WATomorrowPopulationReportNo.11–LocalGovernmentArea;ABS(Nov2018)3222.0PopulationProjections,Australia,2017(base)-2066

84 ABS(Sep2018)3238.0.55.001EstimatesofAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderAustralians,June2016

46 Infrastructure WA

Photo acknowledgementsInfrastructure WA wishes to thank the many State Government agencies, government trading enterprises, local governments and other entities who generously made their photography available for use in this document. (In order of appearance)

Tourism Western Australia p3 Outbackroadside,nearCuep6 Gantheaume Point, Broomep7 LakeArgyle,nearKununurrap15 Gascoyne River p16 RedBluff,KalbarriNationalParkp19 Near Windajinni Rocks, Wooleen Stationp20 Kukerinp22 Ballooning near Northamp23 Viewsoffarmland,NorthEastWheatbeltp30 Busselton Jetty p31 CapetoCapewalkingtrail,WilyabrupCliffsp34 TornidirrupNationalParkp39 HeartwalkStreetArt,Kalgoorliep42 William and Hay Street intersection, Perthp43 LongreachBay,RottnestIslandp46 CroplocatedintheOrdIrrigationProject,

near Kununurra

Kimberley Ports Authorityp4 Port of Broome

Development WA p8 CityPrecinct,TheQuarter,Karratha

Pilbara Ports Authorityp10 Utah Point Bulk Handling Facility, Port Hedland

Russell Ord Photography and Visit Mandurah p24 MandurahCoastalTrail

Mandurah & Peel Tourism Organisation and Travis Haytop26 AerialofMandurahduringtheAPESGames

Mandurah & Peel Tourism Organisation and Russel Ord Photographyp27 ThromboliteReef,LakeClifton

City of Perth p40 SupremeCourtGardensandPerthskyline

Additionallystockimageswereusedonthefollowingpages: p11 Pilbara road train p12 CapeRangeNationalParkandtheNingaloo

MarinePark,Exmouthp14 Farmer'sfields,Carnarvonp18 Silos, Geraldtonp28 CavesRoad,BoranupKarriForestp32 AlbanyWindFarmp35 PorongurupSkyWalkp36 SunsetoverKalgoorlieSuperPitp38 PortofEsperance

47A Look at the Regions

InfrastructureWADumasHouse2 Havelock StreetWest Perth WesternAustralia6005

Phone:0865525229Email:iwaconsultation@infrastructure.wa.gov.au

infrastructure.wa.gov.au

©GovernmentofWesternAustralia2020

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